standards and guidelines for communication sites - Radio And ...
standards and guidelines for communication sites - Radio And ... standards and guidelines for communication sites - Radio And ...
AC POWER LINE SPD TEST CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS CHAPTER 7: SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES 7.10.4.5 PASS CRITERIA After Imax testing the SPD is allowed to cool to room temperature. The SPD is then subjected to the In 10 kA post-test as described in “IN (Nominal Current Test)” on page 7-48. The VPL is measured and recorded. The current and Voltage waveform is plotted. The Pre-test In VPL is compared to the post- Test In VPL. The SPD passes the requirement if the post VPL is within 10% of the Pre VPL. During the Residual Voltage Measurement, Pre-conditioning and Imax Operating Duty Cycle Tests, the following conditions shall not occur: • Emission of flame, molten metal, glowing or flaming particles through any openings (pre-existing or created as a result of the test) in the product. • Ignition of the enclosure. • Creation of any openings in the enclosure that results in accessibility of live parts. • Opening, temporary, or permanent, of over-current protective components. • Errors resulting from a failure, temporary, or permanent, in the indication circuitry • A supplementary protection device opening. 7-52 68P81089E50-B 9/1/05
CHAPTER 8 MINIMIZING SITE INTERFERENCE 8 This chapter provides information on preventing radio frequency (RF) interference at a communications site. The following topics are included: • “Interference Protection Recommendations” on page 8-1 • “General Site Environmental Requirements” on page 8-3 • “Other Band Architecture—Overview” on page 8-4 • “Mitigating External Intermodulation and Transmitter Noise / Receiver Desense Interference” on page 8-8 This chapter describes the minimum filtering and techniques that should be applied at any fixed site to minimize interference. These techniques should be used by a site manager or carrier to define the minimum essential elements to achieve successful operation. Implementation of these requirements will help provide an environment for successful operation and future expansion. The requirements defined in this chapter pertain to eliminating interference, and are separate from the RF Engineering design of the site. 8.1 INTERFERENCE PROTECTION RECOMMENDATIONS Unlike mobile units that can be moved to an interference-free area, fixed sites must incorporate equipment and techniques to reduce the likelihood of interference. The ability to successfully receive the desired radio signal at the fixed receiver is dependent upon providing the best possible radio frequency environment at the site. To accomplish this, the level of undesirable energy occurring on the received frequency must be minimized. In most cases, minimizing the level of undesirable energy emitted by the local transmitters and filtering out undesirable signals coming into the receiver eliminates received interference in the receiver environment. Interference is more likely to be a problem at sites with multiple antennas. If these measures have been taken and the receiver is still picking up noise, then noise sources in the surrounding environment must be identified and eliminated. A successful communication site should have standards that are applied to all users of the site and recommended to other communications sites in the general vicinity. Another site within a 400 m (1/4 mile) radius may interfere with your site or may receive interference from your site unless protective equipment and techniques are used. The techniques described in this section have a history of successful implementation, and are not specific to any particular radio or filter vendor. The protective equipment to be used is available from numerous vendors that have met Motorola’s criteria for product performance, reliability, and support. Contact the local Motorola Engineering team for additional details. Transmitter noise, receiver desensitization and unwanted intermodulation caused by objects in the site environment are the most common causes of receiver interference. Other common interference terms are Co-Channel and Adjacent Channel interference. Some analysis of the existing or proposed frequencies at an antenna site can help in the site design process. Requirements for preventing problems in each of these areas are described below. 68P81089E50-B 9/1/05 8-1
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AC POWER LINE SPD TEST CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS CHAPTER 7: SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES<br />
7.10.4.5 PASS CRITERIA<br />
After Imax testing the SPD is allowed to cool to room temperature. The SPD is then subjected to the In<br />
10 kA post-test as described in “IN (Nominal Current Test)” on page 7-48. The VPL is measured <strong>and</strong><br />
recorded. The current <strong>and</strong> Voltage wave<strong>for</strong>m is plotted. The Pre-test In VPL is compared to the post-<br />
Test In VPL. The SPD passes the requirement if the post VPL is within 10% of the Pre VPL.<br />
During the Residual Voltage Measurement, Pre-conditioning <strong>and</strong> Imax Operating Duty Cycle Tests, the<br />
following conditions shall not occur:<br />
• Emission of flame, molten metal, glowing or flaming particles through any openings (pre-existing<br />
or created as a result of the test) in the product.<br />
• Ignition of the enclosure.<br />
• Creation of any openings in the enclosure that results in accessibility of live parts.<br />
• Opening, temporary, or permanent, of over-current protective components.<br />
• Errors resulting from a failure, temporary, or permanent, in the indication circuitry<br />
• A supplementary protection device opening.<br />
7-52 68P81089E50-B 9/1/05
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