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POWER QUALITY CHAPTER 6: POWER SOURCES 6.3.4 COMMON POWER QUALITY PROBLEM REMEDIES The table below generalizes some common remedies of power quality problems. A power quality engineer may be required to help resolve power quality problems. TABLE 6-3 COMMON POWER QUALITY PROBLEM REMEDIES Problem Common Remedy Frequency Deviation 1 Voltage Sags (or dips) • Corrective wiring • Relocation of critical loads • Power conditioners • UPS systems • Report problem to the utility if the frequency deviation is measured on the AC utility • Make corrective repairs to onsite generator if the frequency deviation is measured on the generator Voltage Swells • Surge Protective Devices (SPD) • Power conditioners • UPS systems Transients • Surge Protective Devices • Filters Total Harmonic Distortion (> 5%) 2 • Isolating the noise • Proper grounding • Power conditioners • Moving loads away from noise generators • UPS with a true sinusoidal waveform output (typically found with IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) rectifier technology 1. Frequency variations are much more likely to occur when equipment is powered by an onsite generator, versus the AC utility (IEEE STD 1159-R2001). 2. See IEEE STD 519, Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems for additional information. 6-16 68P81089E50-B 9/1/05
STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR COMMUNICATION SITES POWER QUALITY 6.3.5 POWER QUALITY TESTING THRESHOLDS The table below lists the recommended thresholds when testing AC power quality in most single-phase and three-phase configurations (IEEE STD 1100-1999). The actual thresholds used should be based on the installation requirements of the connected equipment, as the connected equipment may have more stringent requirements. See IEEE STD 1159-R2001 for additional information. TABLE 6-4 MINIMUM RECOMMENDED AC POWER QUALITY TESTING THRESHOLDS Category Suggested Not-to-Exceed Thresholds Frequency Deviation ± 0.5 Hz Phase Voltage Testing Thresholds High Frequency Noise Approximately 1% of the phase-neutral voltage Voltage Sags –10% of nominal supply voltage (108 V for a 120 VAC circuit) Voltage Swells +5% of nominal supply voltage (126 V for a 120 VAC circuit) Transients Approximately 100 V over the nominal phase-neutral voltage Distortion 5% Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) – the voltage distortion level at which loads may be affected High Frequency Noise 2-3 Vpeak Neutral-ground Voltage Testing Thresholds Voltage Swells 1% to 2.5% of nominal phase-neutral voltage 6.3.6 STEPS TO DEVELOPING A POWER QUALITY PLAN Prior to deployment of electronic equipment, a power quality action plan should be established. To help determine necessary corrective action, the equipment's operating norms should be reviewed according to the manufacturers’ stated requirements for optimal performance. Next, a complete assessment of the facility's current electrical environment should be conducted and compared to the requirements for the equipment. Load requirements, grounding, bonding, isolation and protection requirements should be considered. To help maintain an optimal electrical environment, a power quality monitoring plan should be in place. The power quality monitoring plan should require regular review of the performance of the site's operating norms. This should include regular monitoring and recording of the site's power system, its connected loads, failures and interruptions. The objective of the power quality monitoring program is to identify problems and take corrective actions before incidental interference results in a wide area failure. 68P81089E50-B 9/1/05 6-17
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© 2005 MOTOROLA, INC. ALL RIGHTS R
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introd
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STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR COMMUN
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 This manua
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CHAPTER 2 SITE DESIGN AND DEVELOPME
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CHAPTER 3 COMMUNICATION SITE BUILDI
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CHAPTER 4 EXTERNAL GROUNDING (EARTH
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CHAPTER 5 INTERNAL GROUNDING (EARTH
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Page 231 and 232: STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR COMMUN
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CHAPTER 8 MINIMIZING SITE INTERFERE
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CHAPTER 9 EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION 9
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APPENDIX A ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY I
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APPENDIX B SOIL RESISTIVITY MEASURE
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APPENDIX C PROTECTING AGAINST ELECT
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APPENDIX D GROUNDING (EARTHING) ELE
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APPENDIX E GENERAL CONVERSIONS AND
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APPENDIX F R56 COMPLIANCE CHECKLIST
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I NDEX Index Index AC power cabling
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