Marketing Food to Children and Adolescents - Federal Trade ...

Endnotes
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Endnotes
1. The Conference Report (H.R. Rep. No. 109-272 (2005)) for the Commission’s FY 2006 appropriation legislation
(Pub. L. No. 109-108) incorporated by reference language from the Senate Report directing the FTC to
submit a report to the Committee regarding:
marketing activities and expenditures of the food industry targeted toward children and adolescents.
The report should include an analysis of commercial advertising time on television, radio, and in
print media; in-store marketing; direct payments for preferential shelf placement; events; promotions
on packaging; all Internet activities; and product placements in television shows, movies, and video
games.
S. Rep. No. 109-88, at 108 (2005).
2. The research methodology is explained in Appendix A.
3. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Threat or
Opportunity? (2006) (IOM Study). The IOM Study stated, at ES-5 to ES-6, that “food and beverage marketing
extends far beyond television and is changing rapidly to include integrated marketing campaigns that
extend to new media platforms that target multiple venues simultaneously. Virtually no scientific studies are
available on these other tools.” A study by the Kaiser Family Foundation of online food marketing to children
likewise noted the dearth of information about marketing activities on the Internet and in other emerging
media. Elizabeth S. Moore, The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, It’s Child’s Play: Advergaming and the
Online Marketing of Food to Children 1 (2006), available at www.kff.org/entmedia/7536.cfm.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Overweight and Obesity: Childhood Overweight (2007),
available at www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/childhood/index.htm.
5. IOM Study at ES-1 and 1-1 to 1-2.
6. See Section IV of this Report.
7. The agenda and transcript of proceedings from the 2005 Workshop are available at www.ftc.gov/bcp/
workshops/foodmarketingtokids/index.shtm.
8. Federal Trade Commission & Department of Health and Human Services, Perspectives on Marketing,
Self-Regulation & Childhood Obesity (2006) (2006 Report), available at www.ftc.gov/os/2006/05/
PerspectivesOnMarketingSelf-Regulation&ChildhoodObesityFTCandHHSReportonJointWorkshop.pdf.
Recommendations that came out of the Workshop are listed at pages 48-54. See also Section IV of this
Report.
9. This Report, in addition to providing the research requested by Congress, also serves as a report on the recommendations
that resulted from the 2005 Workshop.
10. Press Release, Council of Better Business Bureaus, New Food, Beverage Initiative to Focus Kids’ Ads on
Healthy Choices; Revised Guidelines Strengthen CARU’s Guidance to Food Advertisers (Nov. 14, 2006),
available at www.bbb.org/alerts/article.asp?ID=728. The estimate that the participating companies represent
more than two-thirds of children’s food and beverage television advertising expenditures was made with reference
to the initial ten program members. Three additional major companies subsequently subscribed to the
Initiative.
11. IOM Study at 5-69 to 5-70.
12. Federal Trade Commission, Bureau of Economics Staff Report, Children’s Exposure to TV Advertising in
1977 and 2004: Information for the Obesity Debate ES-3-7 (2007) (FTC BE TV Study), available at
www.ftc.gov/os/2007/06/cabecolor.pdf.