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Crude oil source Dispersant effectiveness in freshwater DISPERSANT SALT WATER FRESH WATER Gamlen OSD LT Yes Yes Tergo R40 Yes Yes Corexit 9500 Yes Not recommended Corexit 9527 Yes Not recommended Shell VDC Yes Not recommended The largest impact for regional and national marine oil spill response is the fact that neither Corexit 9527 nor Shell VDC are recommended for use with fresh water. This effectively precludes both of these dispersants for use in fresh water environments. Effectiveness test results of Maritime NZ dispersant stocks The following table presents a summary of NZ laboratory effectiveness test results (WSL LR448 test protocol) undertaken at 15oC, on unweathered oil, at a dispersant to oil ratio (DOR) of 1:25. Shaded cells indicate effectiveness criteria which indicate that dispersion of fresh oil may be possible. Viscosity (mPas, 10s-1 shear rate) Corexit 9500 Corexit 9527 Gamlen OSDLT Slickgone LTSW Tergo R40 Wooly Butt 3 � � � � - - Murban 6 � � � � - - Kutubu 11 � � � � � - Barrow Island 12 � � � � � - Labuan 14 � � � � � - Arab Light 31 - � � � � - Kuwait 38 � � � � � - Oman 47 - � � � � - Oman Residue 2058 � � � � � - Residue - � � � � � - IFO-380 fuel oil source KeeLung, Taiwan 2908 � � � � � � Santos, Brazil 6294 � � � X � - Cristobel 8000 � � � X � - Tokyo 9155 � � � � � - Nagoya 12086 � � X X X - Singapore 13268 � � X � X � Rotterdam/Flushing 15200 � � X X X - Antwerp 90325 � X X X X - Notes: All testing conducted by Cawthron on unweathered oil at 15°C using the WSL LR 448 protocol modified with a 5 minute mixing period. N=2 All dispersants applied at DOR of 1:25 as Type III dispersants National Marine Oil Spill Contingency Plan Page 4 of 45 Chapter 7 – Dispersants Use Issue 7 June 2012 Tergo 2005
- indicates not tested � Shading indicates 15% effectiveness criterion used to indicate likely field effectiveness Test method generally underestimates dispersant effectiveness on light crude oils and overestimates dispersant effectiveness on fuel oils Full test results avavilable in Cawthron Technical Reports Effectiveness test results of Maritime NZ dispersant stocks on NZ Crude Oils Crude oil source Water Temp Corex it 9500 Corex it 9527 Gam len OSD LT Slickg one LTSW Slickg one NS Tui Crude 15º X � X � X X 10º X Tergo 2005 Comment Maari Crude 18.5º � X X X X X - The oil can be dispersed only at the earlier stage of its weathering, - Weathered oil, with its high pour point, is not favorable to chemical dispersion. Manaia Crude 18º 10º Kupe Condensate - Kupe Condensate has a relatively high pour point and high wax content. If the seawater temp is above the oil pour point, natural dispersion and evaporations rates are likely to be high. Chemical dispersion is generally undesirable because it will reduce evaporative losses and transfer the most toxic oil fractions into the water. - When sea temperature is below the pour point, or following weathering, spilt oil is likely to solidify relatively quickly or form a low toxicity waxy residue after the light ends evaporate. In either state, the effectiveness of chemical dispersants will be greatly limited as it will be difficult to apply them at the oilwater interface where they work. Maui Condensate Dispersant use not considered necessary due to rapid evaporation of vast majority of oil. Dispersant Application Sea state Calm conditions In very calm conditions there may be insufficient energy in the sea to create the small droplets required for effective dispersion of the oil. Consequently, care must be taken to ensure that either suitable agitation is provided to break up the treated oil or dispersant is not applied in these conditions. Rough conditions When the wind reaches Force 5 (17 – 21 knots) and above, the natural turbulence of the sea means that oil will be regularly covered by breaking waves. Under these conditions the application of dispersants can lead to excessive wastage as the water prevents dispersant reaching the oil. In National Marine Oil Spill Contingency Plan Page 5 of 45 Chapter 7 – Dispersants Use Issue 7 June 2012
Page 1 and 2: National Oil Spill Contingency Plan
Page 3: Maritime New Zealand’s Position o
Page 7 and 8: Telling when dispersion has occurre
Page 9 and 10: Material Safety Data Sheets Slickgo
Page 11 and 12: Corexit 9527 National Marine Oil Sp
Page 13 and 14: National Marine Oil Spill Contingen
Page 25 and 26: OSR-LT National Marine Oil Spill Co
Page 43 and 44: Notes For Medical Personnel Remove
Page 45: Code HSNO Classifications 3.1D,6.4A

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