AGRONOMY (Z;" ' - Higher Education Commission

PRODUCTION EFFICIE}ICY OF CANOTA 

(Erattlca napat L.l cv. SHInALEE U]{DER 

DIFFERENT AGRO.TANAGITENT PRACTICE' 

s,t/ 

MUMTAZAKHTAR CHEEMA 

M.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculure 

A TIIESIS SUBMITTED IN PAMIAL NULNILLMENT OF 

TIiE REQUIREMETITS IIOR TTiE DE(}BDE 

04 

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 

tit \ 

AGRONOMY (Z;" ' 

.ACUIIY OF AGRICUI'UM 

UXNE$IIY O' AGNICUITUrc 

FAIIaLAIAD {DAX|tIAIt 

| 999

The Conboler of EaniMtiG, 

Unire6ity of Agrtoltrrn, 

We/ the superuisory coMitte€, €tify rhat the @nt6t hd fon 

or th€i:r {bhitd ty MUMTAZ IXHT^R CHBBMA (R.gd. No. E+.t-1255), 

hnve b@t foqd etidacbly aixt !E@6en l dut it tE pt@*d for adEtnrl 

by Ertern r E6iner(6) tor rhe nwdd of it%@. 

SUPERVISOBI CCIMMITTEB 

CHAIRMAN: 

MEMBER 

MEMBER 

----7)4Ak

act0tot|IEDGE El{t 

An phis ..d thanls @ for Ahatsht! AW d2 B*ld,t, d. 

Mtr itt, who be.r@€d ft widr lobntiat ed abdity iD @t€ mreri.r @rtrihrth 

b th. sishna (tE[ ol l:@Hge. I odd my hulh6t th.ntc f,*'O* a*po 

.orc of ry h6rt tb rle Hoty Ptup,rt HMat Mrtqt nd (p@ IE ryon bd fot 6e 

I wodd like to expre$ hy ilep G@ of Ei.dtuile bo hy SuFNilo, 

Dr. M. Asgh@ Ntrtik Ph.D. lU.At) Asr E prefsr, DeFrrEdr of As]l,l@y 

urder wh@ .Jfecti(mb flpeNi6id anil edDt sdc guiatane, rhi! work wE 

I ato otrer my tl$Le to the @itree uhbera Dr. SrarBi.d 

HKiu s/uL Ph.D orr'.b), prcfesr .nd ChridEi! DeparrEst of As|('ldy 

u.l Dr. Nazt Anr4d PILD (Wshr), p,ofs'r and Chaitua Dep.r6hr o, Crcp 

Phtsiolo$,, for then c6Fntid! mfu.rire diticitu dd r,.tmble sES.3titu r) 

mprcve drir !6uaipr 

Th€ althq i! dto Enbfrn 60 D/. 

^rid H6dn ptlD (Li@lrl' Ne 

Zal,nd) Asiare Prcf@r, Dep.,tEr of Ag@, for his diticim .rd 

.tuqts durint th€ th6b prepaEtim insriled in @ tlE fie, astEi! oI *ienrific 

writi.g in order ro ptl5t a bgidl fte of id4 

My speial rhanr€ b Mi Sh,nz.n Me4*d AhrsA, Be,, E . Tdi4 

Mttrk@4 Abad Ktutiq Afd Wsid Sh.tL B,sjwta.Id,, Ctubfl e.di, Akn, M. AdI

OARO ati 'THE F&E},JDS' wn h.d .dtlhl I L nr wrb rD o, !r 

l.t 6d'la b M ,tq*r O@ W tgd Ostr. aA AW 

lrr.d br,fiFi.alctd elrrlld. 

Ld hd t|ot the Lrt I p.y r&I ribb $t& d..Fd sc d 

t!trer b lrt Ftt.d G.4rrrdrrr{bdtryr Ft dtd!yE 

*l! W oid, dflhr| (D.,ll'l strl ,ka) 6!tr ftir suFPct nd lrrrlne wtd.r, 

q$Ldrb@pLr.|b&dy. 

0tr,r16zAxIrTArgSuA)

coxrE)|D 

Tid. 

I INIRODUCTION 

tr RB\4BW OI UTERATURE . 6{it 

2.2 The ot feriiliEr 6ppu@ti6 72 

23 RatE ol lerdrzl applidton 

24 38 

25 46 

u MATERTAIS AND MBTSODS 5442 

54 

3,2 v 

!.L7 DdsL batnsrb ard coD hulb.rdry. 54 

3.3 

3.3,1 

1.3.2 !!:ld and yield 3J3 

.@pond6 % 

58 

3.4 

3.4,1 De.is! letrdb ard @D lEbendry, 

59 

3.5 

3.5.1 

3.5_2 

3.5.3 

Yield ed yteld mporE\tt 

@ 

& 

61 

3.6 

32 

61 

62 

REST'LTS AND DISCUESION 6C166 

Tire dd hb of f€rtili*r applnatid d 

@ 

A@'rl! sd yi:ld .rd od qld y of dDlt 

4.1.1 63 

4.1.2 63 

4.t.Ll 63 

4.t.L2 L&f .E duEddr (LAD) 68 

4,7.23 tlry mttEr Md,&n (DM) 72 

4.7.2.4 Crcpsrohlh ht (CCR) 

Ll_2.5 llet Gihihdd at (NAR) v 

4.13 Yield erd yEld MporErtd 72 

'1.13.1 

4,t,3,2 81 

4,1,3.3 34 

il: l lt' 

Criv.t:i, nJ / l|ttcuLr 

'2*lo!wo; 

r-z-11

41J..1 l@eed weishr a7 

4.1.3.5 E9!€i6rydd n 

4.1.3,6 I 

4.r.3.7 702 

!L1.3.8 

47.3.9 16 

!L1_3.10 q!yEld 110 

4_7_4 Scblioship b€hrs sd yi.ld ed yield 712 

4.1.5 !!!!qa.*ly* 774 

116 

Gwth dt l yield Elpone ot emla d. 

shlnl€e ho varyins pLnting dtuit 

L2t 776 

422 l19 

4.2.2,1 led aE ultl* rLAI 119 

4,L2,2 LeI.E drEEd (Li{D) 72. 

4LL3 Tor.l dry ditpr@)M) afuutahd, 724 

LzZa Crcp sw.th EtE (CCR) t12 

1LZZ5 Net @dubh6 qte (NAR) t32 

Yield ar|il vield @pdElts . 7t7 

4-2.3.7 PbntIFiFht 137 

4L3.2 Nuh[er of pods plantl 139 

42t.3 l!4!J or cds pqdi t42 

4.2.t.4 rlxxlsd {eidt 745 

L23.5 BploAict vield 747 

423n Seed vi'ld 150 

4.2.t.7 156 

L23.8 Se€d protEin pe@rt s€ 158 

LU.9 158 

LL3_10 qlFld l6l 

Relad@hip b€twm ed yieLl drd yielrl 

lhDdErts 

t6t 

STJMMARY 10-l7r 

5.1 ExrErh6rl 167 

5? Blperimt-II 169 

5.3 $rsE riBfd ture |€Eh. t 

LITEN4TURB CTIID 1i?197 

A}PNDICES 1,&40

utl of taaLES 

8ft16t of 6@ ..d Er. o( 6.rdliEr.pplirfrb 6 

nunler of DLnb s 6it!@ 

L2 Etiect of ti@ 6d rat€ of fdtili*r appliddm 6 le.f 69 

4J Etr(i of ti@ .rd nb of fertili@ applidEm 6 Np 

L4 

'tl€ inlErtid bend6 tire .nd Ete of fertiliar 

applitaoon.fiefhg @p gDwrh nb ddiry 199546 

4.5 Efk of time ord rab of fertiuzr applicalh 6 r€t 7A 

Effecr of 6tr. and nlE of h t2r applidtron 6 plart 80 

Efk of tim md 6te of fertiliz€r nppliatim m a2 

4.8 llE intehctln befi,6 tim dd ntE of fenilizr 

83 

appliodm altuhg n6bs of podd pbnt' iluridg 

7 -97. 

4.9 Eik of 6@ .rd eb of ferdliu !ppli.t6 6 85 

4.10 1I€ inbractin berw€ te mil rab of fdtila 

appuatin atr*tns nuibq of re€ds podr durntg 

19*>97. 

4.11 Effe.t of ti@ {d mtE of lertjlter .pplidtion d 1@ a9 

4.72 

4.13 

414 

The intEra.lih bet$Er rire ard hb of Milia 

aDplidtim .Ituins 100Gffid reirht duihq 1995-96. 

Erffectof tie ed mie of fqtilis appliElM d ftEl 

6iolosi:1 (!&.w + *d) vand. 

The interaclid b€t$/€t tim md rab of fertilia 

appli@6d afikdnE biologiGl yield duing 191% 6d 

q2 

93 

79%-97. 

Effet of ti@ .ril mb of ferdia .pplilrim e *d 95 

L75 Tte irrl€ra.1i6 bet@ tire dd hte of f€n i€r 

appli@dd alf..tiM *d vield (ks har) duh! 195.96, 

4.17 Eltetof ti@ Md rEie of fertilipr applidttd e nde,t 1(B 

4 

76 

86 

s

4.18 IE inbractio bet*€r tire aril rab ol f.riilizr 

apPltotim afieting har6t inilex dudrg 199t96 dd 

79469r. 

4.79 Etrxt.'f ti@ ard rat€ ot f.rtilizr appli.6ti6 6 r€€d l(b 

4.m nE inlErEtim be6d6 !t!c sd dE or fertitia to7 

appliqtio alt*linsed pmt€in ('6) duirlg 19t%, 

4.27 Eft.t of 6!E ard Fb of ferdli4r Appli6ti6 m on 109 

422 Effet of titu dd rare of fertilia appli@fio 6 oil 

ilqld. 

lza Simple @rrcLrDn @trniht (r) betrm *d yield {d 113 

424 Eorhic arulFi! of @la € afe.ted lry tilE and nb 

of lertiliar.ppfiorin iluins 7*4 etAT96:q7. 

4.8 Efiet of I$ dd plrni sFcing m nuele! of pldc F! l17 

4.26 Th€ inE6.tih berldq w ard pl-rt .Itu ri"E 118 

Iruhr of plmt6 "?o6r'S 

Fr ut .E durinB 19ry6.nd 

79%97, 

L2t Etf..t of ||x drd pLnt Gpacins m le., 6B dunh; 18 

11,l Th€ nteE tid be6,€r @ sd pLrr sp.dru !trdtlig 724 

led are d u bnd du rins l99t96 md 199ct, 

4,29 Efi6t of rN anrl pl,nr sFtruls @

4.40 The inbrtrtid betwq rcw dnd pLnt lPeina afking 149 

bjolopir.al yi€ld durinA 199196 qtl 19964/. 

4.41 EdEt of tw .d plar* sD.dts d sed YEld, I5l 

4.42 IlE inlsnctid b€tw6 !w ..d pl,nt .P..iry a$e.tng 

sd }/Eld durfis 199546 .!d 199@7. 

!L!B Eiffa-t oI @ md plant spacr* d hdet inde 757 

4.44 EfG.t oI w md Dl,nt BDa.ing q D@bin pe'6tase 159 

4.45 Bfiet of w drd Dlat 6D..ins 6 oil 6thte 1@ 

Effect o{ tw ard phtrt .D.Ers d oil yield. 162 

The inbFctimb€4tdg w md pld sF.ing.ffedint 163 

oil viekl

uJt of flGUrE 

TitL 

EtrKtof ditr€qi nt oIfeditizrmleaf .Eiddof 

(ful^r

Ulr Of APPEI'DICE 

TiU€ 

3.1 Plwsic.r dd d@i6l.Elitsi! of an drird &iL 198 

ttteborcbgi@l dd. fo. 6E so*$ p€iod o{ 199 

Cod oI cmlr ooduc!6 ha ' (&) durhs 19!%). 2@ 

4.2 Co.t ol @b plod!4bor ha{ (Rs) dunns 19%47, al 

43 Efiet of tire dd Eie of fertilid .pplirtin 6 

leal ag indd d SOth N@. 19996 and 1999- 

Eff6t of tift qlal hte of fertilia appliotim 6 

le.J .g !!dd 6 30th Dec 19H6 dd 196-tl. 

45 Effer o{ dm dd nie of f€ftlia applotih 6 

le.I @ !rt* 6 15th Io 1996 ..rd 19+7, 

,L6 Etrect of (@ md rab of turdlirer appliGdo. 6 

lef 6E indq @ 15th Feb. 1996 md 1999. 

1L7 Etuof li@dil ntEof trdailiaqrpli{id6 

bal 6E irdd @ 25nh leb. 199g .id 199tt 

48 TE inbtuUh betwa t@ dtl pl{t 6paing 

.tr*dry .!ry weidt 6 30th De. 19546 .nd 196 

49 The intEr(timbet\as w md pt ntspa.ina 

afdtng dry we8ht d 15lh Jm 79954 alill996- 

410 TIp inbEtin b€ad6 lw 6!!d plat E!.49 

ntre.Ei8 dry reidt 6 15ln re6.l9%4 a'd19%- 

411 

'IrE inten tim betw6 ow dd pldsF.nv 

atre.fh8 dry reight d 251h F€b.7954 ad 799(- 

n 

2@ 

M 

2B 

M 

a7 

26 

8 

2LO

INTRODUCTION 

Burg@nint worl

€quirement is exp

the oil and low Elu@inobte in the m€.1. Canol. oil ii now the world s third 

larE€st source of edible oil .fie. soybe.n .nd paln oil (Nowuo 191). Dredeb 

have been lucKtul i! produ.int "double arc" or "doqble lo/, .ultiv.E by 

reducinS the ddc acid conteot! from 60,2X in oit and glu.osinot.!e6 .ontent, 

rrcn norc than 100 u mol/t to ld $.n 30 u hol/g in ne!t. Th* ol!v.6.re 

called c "CANOLA" (Crnnd'an oil low in a.ids). Tt€ Canoti wns ar 6Br 

tra.lemark Egister€d with Canola council of Canada (Thonas/ 1986). 

In P.kirh& canol. has b€€n inkodlced by rh€ A.rini Agdcuttqrc 

R€s€arch and Development P.osr{m (DARD) of P6tistan Agricdtural Rese.rh 

Council (PARq with ie.[nnal collabontion of C.n.dinn Inr€marioml 

Developnent Agency (CIDA), where prelininary studi$ have estabtished its 

suas as .n o se

With th€ *olurion of .ulriv.F low ln acids, it ir po$ible ro prcduce 

problem fie €dible oils in the count!,- Non€theles, the prcduction te.hnotogy 

for the n€wly introdu.€d .rcp n€ds to b€ detedined in .tifferent envircMents. 

Besi.les nany other factoF, use of propq nudtional Eqqirement and ptantint 

techniquA of the .rop aF .oNideEd the m6t inporr.lt 

Nitrcs€n (N) and Ph6phor$ (?) ferdli%s play very vft.l role in 

€nhafting dre yield and yi€tding componeits. High r.re of N .ppti@rion .t 

sowin8 le.ds to more rapid leaf afu d€velopnfl! piotong the life of leaver, 

imprcve l@f rrc. duration (L\D) afte. now*ing and in@.* oveEu crop 

assinil.tioi, thu5 .onttibutinE to incmEd s€ed yietd, (Wntht .r !t 19E8). 

Phosphods .leficiency i!.anola reshicrs both top .nd r@t Efowti, With mitd 

deficien i6 plants may appet nodal hr sm.lL W h moE *v.E deli.iency, 

th€ root srsten i5 poorly .levetope4 and rtems are thtn and d6t wth few 

bnmh6 and snall Mftw l€.6 (Bidw€n, t99). 

Apprcpriate .dj$tthent of pldnt spacin8 between the rcw3 ficilit res easy 

h.ndlin8 of the crcp whi.h l6ds to hith.. yields thrcuth prcvidint'optinum 

conditiorc ror.iop development due to better .tr and li8nt penetr&tion. Singh 

an.l Singh (1984) repord in(lee in dry m.tbr .@nulrtion w h incrcsing 

desiiy lnd at optihm d€Bity ldgier upbr€ of N and P wd Ioqnd by Vir.n.l 

vir. (1979)- Fomation of pods lnd *& th*n! hower, w.3 shred to be 

seN'hve to pl.nt .lerotry. Hm.e adequate plant detuity ir of prihe imporr.n@.

KepinE in vis the above feh, the prcsent !tudies wee initi.ie.l with 

the followhg ott€68: 

l. To d.r.rhi@ the inou.m of tiniry ud ni. of nit%o .nd 

ph@phorus applic.tion on the growtlv ieed yield and otl yiel.l of 

Z To how lhe tu of Dw.trd plmt 3p*int on tf'e grcwtv r.ed yi.ld 

ad oil yield of cfula. 

3, To know the .ft6b of tl6e t!€.tnab on alc qlrlity of.$o|.. 

4 To 6t blirh optinu liquituob of N .nd P .long with optDM 

deGity ro. .uEoating prcd!.dvity of crnoh lnd€r .8t€oloEi..l 

.onditioro of Fais.rabad, 

5. To 6trbllh.Gt- b.n ft nto of tlF@p otddlad conditoB,

CHAPIER II 

REVIEW OF LIIERATURE 

Yiel

The .on.ept of 1-AI had prcfound inplicatione for the pro8Hs of crcp 

.Sronony as a quantitative study. During the early 3tages of crcp grcwth, both 

ihe number of leav6 .nd then.v€ra8e size iftMs with time, so th.t therc is 

€nou8h foliaE€ Mthin . few wek after 8€mination to inlerept norc than 9096 

of the incid€nt radi.tion undq fcvourable €nviroMenls. For nost croF .nd 

nGp

(LAD) nther th.D net a6inu.ton r.te (NAR) is . m.jd frNo) w6 simil.' ror t-AI, no 

of pods plantt an.l nunber of seds podn .nd ii is likely ih.r the €fGct of N ws 

ahi.rd indiEdy thouth .n in.'t@ in the lupppy of Niiildtes tc lhe 

flowe6 and young pods. The o.inbn.nce of r l.€e .nd phoiorynthetically 

eff€.iert lqf N. duiry the Friod 

th€ p€riod of floweliry i5 tlg€sry for high 

Scott et al (r93).onduct d exp.ihenb io @ the dtu of ferdlia and 

harst d.b. on trordi .n l yield of oik€.d .|F eM ln .!tmn hd sprin& 

IrE N w* .pplied G300kg hri in spnn& n.$hu oil yt l.l of both .ulumn 

and rpriry 6ow! oilcd !.F rere obt ined hy.pply'nt 20019 N ha -'! The 3eed 

oil.enbnt ws Educ€d by N .pplic.hon when .pplied .t th€ ..te of 3m kg h. ' 

succssive ln.rene^ls of r trogen ho6 G300 kE hai lnproved plant gdwtb 

in cariry leaf .rc. .nd dry wei8ht of l€.v6 .nd t!.m!

AUen and Morgan (1975) conducted fi€ld expdin€nt to comparc the 

trcwlh dewlopnent and l€lds of fo( v.iietis of oilsed rap€, CGus, Gulle, 

RiEo.nd N'll/. .nd two l.vels of NikoSen O,nd ?ll L8 h. I were cppli€d cnd 

foqnd that Crcsus wa th€ high6t yielding vadety b€.a$e it prcd!.ed mor€ 

podt .nd horc wds pod 1. The numb€r of pods and s.eds podn w€rc positively 

.orcl.ie

l€al aH, lt indica!* that the pods arc impo.tant photosynthetic or8.tu which 

prcdlce c..bon asinilates for their own gow'th 

(Ae and Kondn 0986) condu.tad li€ld €rp€rimnt in Alb.rta to srudy . 

quanrit riE $.ly3is of grcw{r, dev€lopn€nt and yield of eitht g€nolyP6 of 

Bl6ico napB ^nd two gqotyFs of 8r6t@ 6twttb- Bt6i@ 4n\attle L. 

reacled a[ Srowth 3tags, erept of st€m elonEation €arlier lhi^ Bt6i@ rr?N L, 

and co|cpondin8ly had a shorter stem elonSation P€riod lnd sed fomation 

Friod. BrNrb d,'p6rnis had hither leal enerEen@ r.!es durinS all grcwth 

pe.iods trB@ ,rpre had gater crop .lry weidt at 15t flower.n l 6fte! days 

atu. fist flowe! and Ereater n€an doP Srowth nte hom s@ding to fiEt flower' 

M@n relative trowtft rates werc hiSher in Atutid t4l L. ih.n relative arowth 

nr6 ir 816'., @nrynis L duing .U 6bwth Pe.iods. 4765i@ t.Pur L had 

g@ter L-{ .t fiEt flowd 8rcwth auxill.ry br.rch lPjI a@ irdex at fiFt flow€r, 

g.eater l6f !€. duration ftom first flowq to naturity 6nd extt€melv leaf arca 

duration fron o.tutity of tust Pod than &@td MPatir L 

(F&b.n (199J) turdi€d .ooPrntive Erc*dl lulyii' ot BrNi4 f,al6 

^nd Ar$id iut@ und€. S*edish .onditioN. In tnis stu.ly Ptoductior and 

.levelopnent ol a Seia./ntrd. .ultiv.r of Indian origin and Swedbh arNie 

r4l,r cultivar wse conParcd in a Ercwlh analysis. ?lanb werc hadeted .t 

apprcrim.tely we&ly inhetrals from emergen.e to natlrity and seP.rat .l into 

leav6, rr4l, pod3 .nd *eds- Area i|dic6 of laE, steN .nd Pods w@ 

.alculad and dry w€ight of e..h Ptant cdmPonent was det min€d. By tlt 'nd 

10

of the flow.dng st ge, Bra$ic. n.PQ hsd acclmulated a significantly hlgher 

p.r.entaAe of 6nal tot l dry n.tter th.n 8t6'di!t€4. Atter flowe.in& the crcP 

Srowth rate was signifi..ndy hi,ghet in BBi.a jun@, O.54 gtr GDDr/ thdn in 

Ksd * or 0997) conducH tieLl €xFnfmt duing winter leen 1992- 

93 rnd 199344 at Ludhi.n., to dtudy le.t d. indet (n! rchuorohiP wiih 'olar 

..diation intercepEon (SRD, dry n.lter P.oduction 

and *d yield ot hdian 

mustered. The expqinnt w.. l.id out in ePlit Plot dsian with thre nlhogen 

levelt (100, r25, 150) kg N ha r in 6.in plob an.l fou plant ddsities (0444, 0 333, 

0.266nnd 0.222) nillion plant3 h.r in sub plots obLined by row sPacing of 225, 

30, 37.5 and 45 m 6p

2.2 NME OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION 

8a[.ec& r, al (198) r€porbed th.t in case of wintef r.p€ optidun N rates 

ianted fton '10 to 120 }g appue.l befoE swinE .nd 140 to 276 kg 6 ! top 

drc$ing wiih . tot l of 140 to 240 kt p€r h*t €. Appli.aton of 34{L375 kE N per 

htrta!€ in th€ sp.ing re

Ogilry ( 1985) (oncluded th.t rqtunn N-.ppuc.ton in.eded Lrop vrBou' 

and Eroud cov€r, but no yield t€nefit w6 detecH he further stated that eff6t 

or 40 kE N/h. appli.d to hp€ed o Jelt@f in 1960 .n.l Rrf.l i. '1981 rnd 1982 

aqtqmn N did not eftu plant etablirhmflt or yield. N wrs applied .r th€ rat s 

ot 175, 225 a d ns kt/ha in rpnng as single o. split .lresting. Both 3idn8 rap€ 

growth and yield w* rcduced by split d6ina in 1983, blt no siEnitc.nt yield 

differcnce w.s dete.ted in 1942 

Toniolo.r.l (1985) eported that s@.t yieldr incrcased witi incrc.sin8 N 

rals up to 200 kglha 6p6ially wh€n .pplied in 2 sput .l|sing- 

B€rti and MGca (1987) rcported that the r.pseed B/@ic. n p$ !^t. 

Ol€ifera D. C showed inftas€d flowe. produ.tion with increasing N r.te wheE 

narinm pod Prcdlcrion w.s lchieved with 150 kg N/ha. Splittint the N 

applicarioD om third beforc sowinE and two third .r top d6sin& lmprcv€d 

fruit s€ttin8 aorc than total N appli.ation either b.forc sowing or $ a top 

dPssinE ar rhat of winter, 

WriEht.l al 0988) studied the €ffd of nihot.n i*tilizr beatments 

and two ini8ation t|eahn€nb on r.pseed (8rsic4 r4p6). Dry Datt€r 

accundation, l€.f .re. d4elopnent .nd sed yield w@ n@surcd. The dry 

natter nnd s€€d yield 6po@ to .pplied niito8ln war grEater unde. irri8at d 

as.ompared to fainfed .onditions haiinum sed yield (apprcx. 3.8 t h.j) was 

obtained from the irn8.d tr€ahnent leiving 100 kt N ha' applied at sowing. 

'lhjs hiAh mle of N application at sowing led to more rapid le.t arca 

13

d€velopnent.nd li8her naxinuh LAI comparcd to h€.teenre supplied w h 

splitapplicatlon of the same amount of N.t sowing, 

Yousnf and Brnock 0993) reported that when two v.rieti6 of winter 

Fp6ad (8r6!d r?,r,) d. Cobn rnd Lboris weE pl.ni.d to evaluare th€ 

effe.r of plinti^g date, niho8en hie, N application tining on Enin yi€ld and oil 

.ont€nt of the gnin an.l plant N contat, 6ult! indicated that t|ain yield 

incrce.l qu.dr.ti..lly with in rcFint N .ate (with an optinum of about 250 kg 

N/h.) .nd ie@s€d (o5s M8lhr) doe to splitting the N fertilia into two even 

appli.atjons. Neithq

Holn6 and Ai.sley (199) studi€d the alfst of N fernl,z€! on winter 

oilsed nF cv Primor and Rapora and stad that Erowth .nd yield both w€rc 

by th. .ppucation of N feltiliar whne oil .ontenb w@ educ€d. 

'ncEds.d 

Holms and Eenett 0979) .€poried that itr@sing th€ rat6 of N f.on G 

270 kglha ierc.s€d the Srowth and yield of rape but it redu.ed the oil .ontent, 

howevd it had no sitnitidnt eft6t in fatty acid co6p6ition. 

Kandil (1983) studied th. effet of different leveb of NPK (0, 30 .nd 60 kE 

N) + 0 or 30 kg PrO! + 0 o. 24 k K,O on oild*d r6pe. H€ found th.t N 

application signilicaiUy in@s€d leaf arca dry hatt r, no of pods p€r pt.nr and 

1000-s€ed weight and plant height The high4t rate of N, P and X i!.rcased s€€d 

yield by 54,31 and 3596 Espelively cohpared with untrcated plote. 

Rood and Mnior (1964) while studyina tle eff..t of rftioten and waEr 

s(PPly on grcwth of oil.eed .ape, rcporH that l€af glohtl was partially 

f*Ponsive ro N while stem and pod Srowth were morc Hpocive to trri8ahon 

ldels. Th€ inrehction of nitroEd fertiliar and iEialtion lels.onftued rhd a 

3ingle limihn8 faclor wodd preent gowth respons$ to other exFrimenral 

MuDn .nd McNeily G9A4 obs€red th.t vegerarive :nd rcprcducriv€ 

planl grcwth of ihe th@ spring oil s€ed raF.ultivars at 3 NP( ferriliar ratee 

and row spacinE of 7.5 o. 15 cn. AII w@ sue in dry matter production and 

pl.nr heiAh dunna the Erowth Friod. It was nainly dqe ro inflot*enc weight 

tlFl dry weight p€r pl.nt did not differ signilicanuy. Itrlw f€rtili@r aie 

15

in re$ed dry weight p€ pllnt ion 2.7l to 3.87 g .nd pod nqmber per pl.nt 

Dunock .nd s.wyd 0991) found th.t whn crnol. (r.F) d. unbon w.3 

given 0, 60, 120, 160 or 240 lb N wtth 0 or 125 lb K o, 10 or 20 lb s .nrl 0 6.110 

B, the.ppuetion of V K I .nd D iturco.d lhe @ftotr.tion of the p.rti.ul.r 

nuhent in the pLnt lGtqing N nte 3itnifuMtly ftrc.rd vetehdve drl 

weidt.t th€ st rt of flow€dn& del.y€d n.lurity .rd icH*d .€ed yiel.b. The 

ciLul.ied optimuh eonobic N f.niUzi hb w.r 225 lb N/.@- 

Dubey .!d Kh.n 0993) onducd 6eld bi.b to study lhe etu of N and 

S on dry d.tter, tnin yiel

Ho.king dr ri (197) €xomined the effets of nitrcgen fertilizr on dry 

n.tier Prcdq.rioD sed yield .nd sed qulity by cohP..ing canola, lndian 

nurlard .nd Linola Different rates of nitrogen turliliar we€ applied in all 

experinenb. Crop pdfomaMe w.e €voluated owr two *.ioc by nearunng 

dry-m.fter productiorr grain yield, wat€! $e efficienct *d oil and protein 

.onten8, Canola and wh€at showed the lartst yield EpoM to N fstilizr, 

Bas€d on tie owral Ercwth .nd griin yield Epo|s lo N ferrilia, it is 

su8E6d th.t .bo!t 25X oorc N be appted to canol. lh.n to wh@t 

sin8h rnd Krna! (196) condu.ted field erFrinent durirs the winrer of 

191-92 and 1992-93 to stldy th€ effed of 4 levels of N (0, 30 60 and 90 kslh.) 

and 3levels of s (0, 20 and 40 Ktlh.). There was dsnilicant incEss in srcwttv 

yield .ttrib{te and yield (s€€d 6 weu $ stove.) wa Eoded with inctl@ in 

level of N upto 60 t/ha s @ 4! kglh. si$ifi@nUy ircrc.5€d the srowtb yield 

athibube .nd yield of Iidian nat rd compared with 0 and 20 kg S/ia. 

DebowsLi ofi) .pplie.l 0, 6q 120 kE niho8en per hst re to B/6ia 

t4l6 and found th&t low and hith lrtes of.iaogd ircfrad the.v.ng€ s€ed 

yien W n.4 t d 5a.7 p.relt, 6pe.liv€ly, over conhol plolt seivina no 

Kinra eldl (192) conducted a 

N for Indiin mustard. They appUed 50,100 and 150k9 N/ha.nd concld€d rhit 

wG hither .t 100 ka N/ ha. 

field trial to ass6s lhe most optinal rat€ of

SinEh d ui 0972) Frfoned an expe.im€nt.n Ar6'a rsred C4m an.l 

co$ on . loany eoil un.ler inig.ted conditions in Haryae and rcport d that 

s€€d yield Eposes wm 36.4 % and 51.3 % 6 a result of 7!kg and 10o kt N/ha 

Stabbetorp G93) notied that th* wN . conrittent Epo@ !o s€ed 

yield of rdF up !o hiEh€t nittogd ipplication (186 kt N/ha). Sihitally, the 

hiahBt .pplication of phcphorus (47 kglha) g.ve the gfrt6t Eponre but tne 

eftucb of pota$iun werc smdu and were snall and unpredictnble, 

Singh dr.J Oql4) eramined .tte! lon8 t E experimohuon th.t yield of 

n ust r.l was dalihum with 60&& 60k8 &O5 and 60kE r

sotonayor (197) et t€d rhat when vdious combinatioN of 0, 75 150 or 

25 k6 N .nd 0, 50, 100 o. r50 kg Prq Fr h€rarc w@ appli.d [o sp.ing np€ on 

a Moapo loan soil therc w6 con,iddable gpoF, to N but none to ?. 

In rc.sina nibogen rat to 125 k8 ps hKrare prd{ced the ldghesr yietd of 3,4 

loI1G saed per h6t rc and .lthough sad oil p€re^tage tuU sli8htty yet th.r 

was morc rhan .onpeNored for by rhe increase eeed yreld and oil yield of 1.1 

tot1l6 Fr h

ft.riibric.t ai. (1980) while srudyinS the effets of &200 kc nibogen pd 

h-tare on sprinA oil seed raF d, Prot , M.lrli Mapiotu.nd Ospal .luing 197& 

79 obsefled that nibot4 did not 3igM..ndy dtu plant 6tablishm€nt in 

€ith€r y€lr but the numb€r of pod. pd pl6nt and pod reoention wa. highesr with 

100 kg N/h. and d€.lined with hi6he. ldelr of N in 1978 .nd w$ sinilar for 

10O 150 or 200 kg N/ha in 1r9. They turthq r€ported that nitosen did not 

aftu t the nunbe. of br.ncher ps pl6.t and the tot6l nab€r of Po.b Pd braeh 

w.r 'snficantly high{ with r00, 150 or 20O kg N/h. th.n with o, 50 L8 N/h. 

while at all levels of nit ote[ 20 perent oI Pods on each braEh di.l not.ontain 

seds. Nit oEen only siEniiicanoy in rca* the nub€r of se€ds Fr 

pod in 198). 

Mudholk4.nd ANawai (1981) while st!.lyin8 the effet of nii.oaen and 

phosphoru on tt6id @r/.stir v.i Yellow 3.6on .^d B,Bi@ "sPB var. 

Glau.., ob*rued that lhe plant heithi dry n!tie., no, of Pods/Plant 100 sed 

weitht and lhe s4ed yield iMHed siEnific.rtly with incMing nitlo84 fron 

o{o kglh.. The optimum d@ of IrO5 ws 68.9 kg/ha .nd EPoN to 

phosphoru3 wrs b€tt r in the prcence of nitrogen. 

vir and Veea (19E1) .pplied 0-90 kt N/h. .d 0-60 ks Pfi5lha to 

rainfed mustard &nd showed that 50.6 kg tnd !67 kElha were the oPtinum 

r.t8 of N and phosPhorut dPdtiv€tY. 

Ari .nd Shah (1983) condqcted exPenn€nt to study the effe.t of Nitrogen 

and phospho.B on yield .nd oil qu.lity of Poo6i ftya (B'@ia iunw) Pootbi 

raya was sown with thre N levels (0,1r2.nd tu8rg) and s.ater of P (0, 55,84, 

20

lr2 .nd 168tt/h.). M.xi4u s€d yield of 0596.56k&/h.) w.' obbined wh€n 

th€ kiliaB16akE N + 16akt PrOr ws appl.d to the.rcp but optiruF nt of 

fertilia wa fourd to b€'l68t8 N + lt2tt Pprlhr. The 6dl pt@nted, 

indi

treatndt in wN.h no fertillz was .PPUed and othet in which N and ! wse 

apptied to met the Equircment of . 16a0kg h. r crcP. S€€ding date has |inb 

effet on plant dsity but N .nd P Educed Pl.nt 

yGld whF nutrienl deficietrie GurEd. 

den ihe but incrca*d sed 

Dhnbn and Vig 09aq .pplied Gr20 ka N/h. and M0 tE P,q/h. to 

Bt6sia Mprc aad obtlined the highesl ted yields with 80 ks N + 40 l

fertilizr incE@d se€d, shaw .nrt oil yietdsy s€€d weight p€r pod, s&d indei 

but led oil (i) deqed b, irctugina N 6.rriliation, tnftsina rhe p2oj nL 

fton 45 kg./tu, in@.€d laed yid.l .onpo@b, e4 srrrw yield .nd f\ro 

turliliatia had no siSniffc.nt etu on s€€d yietd .ompo|Mrs. tte gEahert *d 

yield p€r f€d wa obLin d by 60 kt N + 4s kE pO3 + 48 k (p/ H. 

Basar dr ai 090) while.tudying rhe F.fomance of s&e np6€€d tic 

under two different leveb of feldliar, disoveEd that all yield coapon€nb of 

Bl6itu nrp6 aaA Bw6i6 @ntpshir Bponded stgnificandy to rbe erperidentat 

tu.tilia ttetnent 000 Kt N 60 kg P,or 20 kE s/h.) e&€pt seed!/siliqq. and 

Nutall and Dutton (1990) obfld rhir qnola (trcr, ,!pc L,) 

cpord.d @U tow.i& N and P turrilizE In ti€td exFrimdtr a-'^g rret*e 

o, 10, 20 o. 30 t8 P/ha wa either (.) dep banded O) pti.ed wirh the s.ed or (c) 

half plac€d wilh the s€€d .nd h.lt dep b.nded .moally h a raFl4 wh6r 

crcps/raF .fopping s€queme 75 tt N/ha was .to .pplied by dep b.ndiry oi 

broadcasting and incorpor.don, N lnd P .pplt adon ove. the 6 y€as of lhe trirt. 

incHed the avaihble P tn the forn of zs (.onrrol) to 12.9 p/8 Soil (N p 

heatnflt with 7s kt N/h.). In 8emr.l 

P .ppucation either by dep b.ndinS or 

pla.enent with th€ 3€ed of the crcp g.v€ .iojt.r yieids qeC that nt the tow p 

riher sed placd€lt w8 betbe. for 6F. 

Bajpai ca ,t 0992) @ndrcbd 6eld tri.l to {udy dE fr of i,iE.rion an l 

N fertiliz. on gnin yield ot msr.r.t. 8. i!r@ w6 givd 4 tevel of irig.tion and 

23

5 N levels {0, 20, 40 60 oi 80ks/h!) 30kE !ro5 ond 20tt Kolhi. In rc.rin8 

trn8dtion lp\.ls dnd Increosint levelo( N.pplicarion EUI!.d rn Inc;a3jnt grarn 

and shaw yield an.l yiel.l cohpon€nb. The optimun level of N w.s EOkg N/ hd 

Bal6h ri d d992) cond!.led th.t both n togen lnd ph@photu 

ri8ni6c6ndy atfeted yiel.tr of dp€.ed. The niahet Erain yields of r.Fi€ed 

werc ot't in€d with the appli66o^ ol23/30 and 8/46 k&/h. N/p on two 

diffe8t soils. Fen iution ot Bnsi.a with S in combimtion with N NP rnd P 

mult€d in siEnifcant ield incre..e. 

Misra and Rana 0992) found th.t when ,retd r.prc var Elauc6 and 

Br.$i.a campebbis var sa6on w.s sown in rows 30, 45 o. 60 .m ap.rt and 

Siven 0, 40 80 of 120 kg N/ha. Seed yield imreas€d with incrcre in N 

applic.tion hr. ..d .leea!€d w n iftrc@ in rcw spaciry 

Nepalia and saroha (1992) .olducd fidd td.l td study tlE int dctir 

effats of N, S and rcw spacing on th. E.ein and oil ield of toia, AtKi@ 

dtFst$.v T-9 was sown in row5 30 or 4ftm ap.rt.nd given 0, 20,40 or 60tt 

N/ha and 0 or 50lg S/ha. The Nthedt re.l yield of 1.? l/h. .nd oil yield of 

489.91 kglha w6 obt tned with appU..tion of 60k8 N +250k S rt 30m row 

iP..inF .mPat€d w t se€d .nd oil yield of 0.83 t/ha 

BPetively without ferdtia .t {ftn rp..ing. 1l!* ws 

fenitzr wh@ no N wa applied, 

320.08 kglh., 

Nutan rt at (1994) obcefled the yield 6poE of canola to nittogerl' 

phosphors, pHipit 6on and tenperature. Canola (rape) &,lth diferent 

24

van€tie MidG, R%.nt.nd W6tar w6 gown at vanous sites followinS whea!, 

was gived 45 ind 134 k N in f..tond .onbdtios with 0, 20, 30 and 40 kg 

P/ha, Othd tEahents compns4d r0 I(t N + 10 kC P/ha end no fe.tilizE 

(conbol). M€an Beed leld wa3 1.39 t/ha with 4s kE N .nd 1.50 with t34 kt 

N/ha yield in th€.ontrol w.s 1,11 t/h!, Yield in rcased f.oh 1,26 t/ha with no 

applied P to 1.53 hith 40 kE l/ha. The rerpotue to fen iars vari€d b€twen rhe 

yeaF depen lin8 on t€nperature, pElpttation and coil f€rdily. Sed yield was 

pcitiv€ly .orel.ted with tobl pEip't tion {nd n€g.dvely .on€lated with 

nean nnximum daily tenPe..tuE. 

Kalita an.l Xilit (1992) studied the efi6t of 0,60 kg P2 O5/ha and 0, 50 

1001 of ih€ Eomneld.d line o. EM 

gnm md thd $en Eidual effe.ts 

rap€€d (Bf8id t"/6). In raF, seed yield ircrcaled by ircI€e in Pzq a 

Rnn rt ul (1992) .onduct field bi.ls to 3t!dy the efi€ct of fertttity leveb on 

ibn^ Br6i@ c4np.sttis .e 19 .nd btli weE 6own with inter-row spacing ol 

30cn lnd an inte.a'rcw 3p.cinE of 10.m .nd given 0{0kE N + Motg PrOs + e 

20kg Krolha. Yi€ld 6nl yield.onponenb in reased with iresint levels of 

f€rtiliaf apph.tion. Highest yield was obtained with 80kg N + 40kg P,Os + 

Hocldng .nd Mtuon (193) etudied th. .ccmllatioi/ dlbibltion and 

redishibatior of .lry n.t6er and nineral nutrienb in ftrits of canola (oil sed 

raF) ud also the eftftts of nittoSen iertiliai field dudi6 w* made in 1990 N

fettilia in reased 3eed yieldr, but h.d negli8ible eff

Prasad and ShuKa (1993) conducted 6eld qFdn€nE on sandy loam to 

study the effe.t of inte.a.tion of N, K and cyceel on growth characteF in 

relation to aruin yield of mur^d. Brci6 it"@ ws Aiven 0, 40 or 80kE N/h! 

and 0, 30 or 50ks K/ha and lreal€d with 0or 2k8 cy.6el (.Notuequt) p€r hr. 

Grain yield incr€ased w h upto 80lE N and weE hiahest in both *ason with 

application of 60kg K (2.22 and 2.09t/ h6) reepftdvel, Erain yield we€ incre.s€d 

with .yc@l appli.ation wherc the dop abo Beived 40 or E0L8 N. 

Ch.uhan .t' ri G99a) coldu.H 6eld hiaL to stqdy rlE dtrogen 

fertiUation .nd ftigation *heduling in n6Lrd, B. lard .v T59 was given 0- 

90kg N/ha and irigated at the veget tive, vegetative ' flowering or ve8etative + 

flowering + reed developoent stag€. Sed yield, *d oil .ontlnt and ret rctum 

inceled with upto 90kg N/ha .Dd werc highet with 3 irng.rioE- 

Prbl rr al 0991) condu.ted 6eld bial to shdy the Bpo|F of (lilff@nt 

nusrard varieties to dates of sowing .nd levels of dltoger f. irr@a .v Varun. 

md Kmnti wc aown on 15 of 25 O.t or 4 Nov, and werc Siven 50, 75 o. loott 

N/ha. Sed yield wc higher in Kr.n! th.n val!@ (1.30 v 1.17 t/h.), deEr..d 

wrtndel.y in eow'nSdateand iMFas.d Mtfi EteoIN.pPlituhon.' 

Sinth dr d O94) conducted field etPedmenb to 5tudy rhe etf*t of 

inigation .nd Nitrogen levels on yield 6nd ib .haractenstic6 ot lnssia spaie.- 

lrrigabon werc given at 50X 0owerinS or irit H .t 501 iiliqqe d.v€lopnent 

and werc Siven 0,40,80 and l20kg N/ha. Sed yield incFa*d 1.04 1.4t r.6s 

2T

and 1.68 .t the 4 it@6hg N r.t ., Mpctively and yield was 1.5 t without 

irigation ald 1.s1 .nd 1.59 t with 1 and 2 iriS.rioN. 

Ghch.r 'J 095) condu.H ti€ld tridr. ro study rhe Epo@ df NPK to 

rapsd. Br6id @Frtn d Dinoy wa given 20 40 or 60&t N/ha 20 or 40ks 

P:O5lha and K,O, Appli@tion of N P .trd K lBnifi.antly i!.hi€d red yield 

and s€€d oil content Appucation of 60kg N gave the high6t nean kd yield of 

648k9/ha, The yield nut i€nt gpon,e equdtion indicated that the optinun 

fertilizer rate was 54kE N+31kt P,O! + 32kt KrO/h.. 

letendra and Singh (195).o ucted fi€ld exFrim€nis to study th€ eff6t 

of pl.nting teomety ald fertll?r n.n.gennt on pl.nl heighg d.y! to 

naturity and nutard €quivalht yi€ld in musta.d + p€a inte.{roppin8. A. ,cre. 

d Nendq Rai dd pea cv R.ch.n. weE gr(,M .lone or inter tupFd, Th. 

.rops reiv€d N:P1oTK,o fe.tiliz€r at ht . of '120:604!, 130:9060 or 

140:120:80k&/ha Musbrd €quivalat yield *as ihe hid6t-with pair€d ewing 

(22.scm) where 140t8 N + r20Kt P!o! + 80kE (io was appt€d. 

Ali dt al (196) .onducted dperinent to * the effdt of .liff@nt levelr of 

N, S ond plant d4ity on yi€Ll .nd yield .ttributes, oil and protein contenb of 

rapeed, Nitrogen upto 120 k&/h. incEased the leld conponenr! plant heighi 

b.an h6/planl rilique/n2 and s€eds/si[qle 3..d and stover yield/h. .nd 

haflet indet Yield .tbibu!6, seed .!d rtove. yield, hanet index proglaively 

iftrcaed with in@ in ld.l of S t wd pllnt de6ity in@a5€d ihe Plint 

heighi, b6nch6/pldt but pl.nt deniity of 400{,00/ha signif@ndy incMs€d the 

2A

no of siliqu€/mz seed and slover yield and haN€st inder. Oil content wa3 

inverly rclad to the proletn con0ent in @d icp

tuftilikr to ful reconnended dse/50k9 N+50kC Prclha) signtficantly 

inrcased gFwth yield athibuhet a.d yield of Indir h6t rd. lur d

P26.2+S 90kt/h., Both the nulrient eld€nt syErEidi..Ily inrec.t€d in boosting 

Lnsrt.y.,,J (lc9a dp b€h.viour of rFip hrer.tupr ofc...O tr^,, 

rapt6 L.) and soyb€.n (Glyde fld L.) towar& inieErcppint .n

Henry .nrl M.cDonard 096) Frinad fron vdiou field trials w h oil 

sed r.F rhit wlrh iriAaiio4 roil NO5-N and hiliz€r N p@tdwty.oftla!.d 

with yield md prclein content an.l negatively corcliH with oil contenr 

Bishnoi and sinEh 099)npplied N fton oq,k&/lh ro thE raya (B'6nz 

joaa) .urtivaE .nd obstred lh.r incesing rhe rates of .ppued N the s..d 

yield .r well s the oil yield war irc@s€d but oil contents w* dspd€d_ 

M6t pic (1960) .pplied nibogm rD wi.br oil*€d npe at the nte of 50, 

75 and 100 LE pd het!re d.l the ted yielft obtnin d were 2,43,2,64 a d 2,90 

t/ha, ap

Chlnim .nd D&nor (1982) st di.d dut 34ed and oil yield of m6ta.d 

incrcased with in rea3ing nilrogen rates C75 kg N/ha blt 6€€d oil.ontenls werc 

d{rcased, Yield an.l oil .ontents werc eimil.r with G50 kg P2G/ h.. 

Augustin@n ,, or G983) conducH field tri.l on spnry oik€€d npe .v- 

line (low Erucic acid and low 8lucosinolates content) dunn6 197931 to 

inv6rigate the eff&t of 130 or 260 ks N/ha,40 kg ?O5 and 100 ts Xolha on 

the Rd oil.ont nt They rcported rhat oil conieo6 dsrea&d frod 46.3* w h 

PK alone to 42.5%-43,5i6 with 130 kt N/ha and 41,71X with 260 kg N/ha hut 

was not signi6candy aff{red ty PrOs or pot siu. Only snlu .liffercn * in 

fatty aci.ts compGito! w@ obefled, Linolei. acid.ontent itu6s4d sliddy.t 

th€ expe@ of oleic acid.ontent when pota$ium was.pplled, Erucic acid 

contert w.s low an.l qn.ll@ by turtiliar EtB. 

Joafder 

(19€3) rcpo.t d th.t 3e

sed, prctein perentaS€ oil yi€ld and s€€d weiSht bur d{@sad oil 

con entntion, They turth€r €Pofted thal in rcare in N+K r.tes .aused only 

sliAhr .h.n8. in f6tt acid and anino acid @mPosiuon .nd had no efiects on 

Singh md Rafti (1984) condqcd a 6eH bial to detemire oPtialn rates 

of N for nqrtard .v Varuna g.own in a sandy loan 3oil The aPPucation of N 

and PrO, was nade .t the r.t2 ot 57,5 kA and 2ZS kA/l\ , EP

Marquard and C.ndry 049) cond!.t d a *ri6 of 4P€nmentt on oil*d 

hpe (Bt6in nry6 L) and EPorted that nibo8en aPPlicattont coNtstently 

deEns€d oil but in@.sed Prolein co.bnls. 

PirLkerton 0991) inv6tigaH the ctitical PhotPhotus 

concentrano$ rn 

oilsed B/6'd t4l,ae and a@i.!i!td 6 a@ bv nibo8 n ln 8ld hou* 

expennenb, raF and 4wtard were Erown 

in s.nd .t 7 rate. of B combined 

fectonaly with 3 .ates of N suitabl. 3!mPl6 for tissu€ t6tinE wer€ the whole 

3hoot of either sP€i6 .t .ny stage, or th€ youn86t fully exPanded leal of 'aF 

and leave {-6 of nstard nt the r@tte stage ln whole shoots 'rlti'al levelt for 

ea.h spdis declin€d with.8e. Ciitical laels for €d yield w$ sli8hdv hi8h4 

A nutrient suPPly wit$ Ngh I and hiSh N redu@d the se€d oil 'oncenb'tion ot 

Taylor a al (191) found thal iriSalim and N incred€d t"d md oil vield 

of canoh AtB'd Aalru vdi Mmoo 4€d yield was in @sed t'y 100 and 200 kg 

N/ha on th. iriSaled heatnenrs 5€.d oil conenbation ranged 6om 4641 

wittout N !o 40.6% with 200lg N/ha and w6s invsely rclaH to saed N 

concenbatio!, Altholth turtili4r N dcrcaed oil concntration it incrc'*d oil 

yield/n2. N acMulation limited yteld of all beatnents, imPlyins a d*rea3e in 

),ield/unit of N at the hiSher rates of t nilizr +Plidtion with 'ons'quenr 

in rca* in s€ed N .oncenbation, 

ch.uhan rf,l (192) stu.li€d the 

EPoe of nPe lreid tqre to*adt 

nibogen level and rcw sPtciÊ dunng .6eld tial. He ob* ed that wh€n raPe 

35

Bra$i.d ,a/6 was tread with diffeent dos6 of N 0, 30' 60 

'nd 

90 k8lht 6'ed 

yield iGrcasil with uP to 601€ N ond *d oil coftenr dercased with rote of N 

Kuna. an.l sh.ktawai (192) r€Ported that when r'P*€d d T9 ws 

sown in 20, 30 ot 40 .n lPan aid Siwn o, 30, 60 or 90 18 N/ha' sad vi€ld 

incrc.*d with uPto 60 kE N .nt wat highBt in 30 'n aP'rt r* 5€€d o! 

content decreased with rate ofN.PPli.ation and with iturc$e in fow 3P'cin8' 

?.ddmi tr ai (192) con'lucte'l field exPerim€ntt to ttudv the eff4t of 

iFi8ation dd N o! yiel

Zhao d 4l (193) investiEated the influen e of s and N 'PPlication on seed 

yield and qulity ol a doubl€ low (low in €rocic a.id ad glu'osinohb contht) 

wint r oil*d r.p€ o cobra APPlidtio. of N incms€d s€€d yield 'nd Prctein 

content but d

N/ha oB 60kE N/ha. The 6e.n 6Poe .t hi8he. level of N ov€r the lower 

tevel b€ing 4451a/kgN. The daE.* in oil

conventioMl row 3P.cings whrle yield at 24 cn sPa'ingd *E 5% lees than with 

Ohlsson (1t2) conducled an exFriFent bv sowing sPrins nPe in rows 

1Z 24 and 4a cd aP.rt The yield obtlined w€F 2 2'' 218 tnd 2 04 t ha -1 Wtth 

s53, s34 and Zo kt on ha 1 @tcPondins fisus for spnns tuJruP r'P€ w* 

1.62 1,61 dd 1 'l3t sed hnr 1, with 618' 591 and 520 kt oit hrt OPtinun 3€ed 

rates for the 3 low cPa.inSs werc 16' 12 an't 8 kE har for sPring raPe 'nd U' 8 

and 5 kg har for ePring tlrtuP raPe lntet-row 'dtiv'tions was rct po$ible at 

ih€ 2 .I66t row sP.cinSs dd it wB tKmmsded tlst on land wha high 

wed population .oulit be €xP*d, the croP 3hould be arcM 

tt wi'r€ sPaon$ 

Asthana (1973) 'onducd 'n erPeriment bv sowing 14 'uttivaiof Bnsica 

junea, Bdic. ComP€hit, '/6r'd dry6 Bt6si@ ein"t BBi4 n*n' 

Bt6i& albn a a BBi@ intzgtilobi4 glown at inter row sP'cings of H' 'nd lftn 

under rainfed conditiotu The ave"ge see'l yieldt obt'ined w@ 141 and 1 74 t 

ha I epatively. Dlundta (1973) evituated in field tritb that oil and se'l yield 

of Ardi@ tal6 v.! dicotoma we'e hi8her wlE^ swn in ros 30cn ap'd ihrn 

vuluoud (194) evalu'€d in Seld triats thtt 3e€d yi€ld of winter raP€ 

grcm under f.vou!&ble @nditiols werc hr8l6t 't row tpa'ings of 1&20c6- 

Kon.lra (1t5) conducrld exPerimdt at 2 sites by sowing low €d'ic acid 

B/&i., cnnlgtuis a d Br6id ttlre at row 3pa'ing3 of 15' 23' 31 or 61 cm 'nd ar 

Z 4 I or 3, 6, or 12 kg *d hal sP

lhe hish6t yiel& (20&274 t/ h.r) Todoric (1t5) round bv eowint two winter 

rape van*is (a) w.6awski and Gor@Nki in two su

Nord6tgaad (1t9) conducd rhE ri.b of 3prirs hp€ s. ols. (iow 

erueic acid) sown in bws 12, 2t or lacn apdr Men s€€d yields for rhR rcw 

sp..ings wft L37,253 ^nd 219t hlj Eperiwty, Vir and Vima {1q9) 

rePord that, dry matter prcduction saed yietd .nd upb&e of N and p werc 

higher in .rcps gtuwn in rcw! 45cn rp.rt than thos. Erch in tuk 3O.m or 

Bh.n rl ai (1980) stu.lied the effect! of row spacin8s or 30 and 45.n rape 

.v. T9 EmM in mqltiple cropptng syaten w h h.iz and wiear Th€ 30cm rcw 

6p{ing gave s8nili.antly hider sed ylEld th.n rh€ 45 .n slncing but s..d oit 

contents was u.ftuct d by rcw spacing wat r @ efticieng was incEs4d by 

Vn and Vema (1981) obsefled itt.i when hinted nctard 

rcws 30, rl5 or 6&m .pirt it g.ve nv€r{e 6€ed yietd of t_a 197 

rhe s€€d oil .onteni w.s nor .ff€.red by the tre.tnents_ 

L€wb and Knight (1982!owed *v€ral npe at dif€qt spacings Z or 

14cn apart, yi€ld EpoM to rcw spacin8 w$ hghly variable, wfth banchina 

gendally appeanng to competulte for wide rcw spacina. 

s.ini and G{pra (1%2) 8rcw rwo v.rieti6 of 8/e@ ,4p6 TL15 an.t tTsA 

at 10 spacirys whi.h n.turcd in 78 and 87 dlys .nd had a 3€ed oil .ontent of 

39-7 and 38.9fr. lt gav€ .verage yiet& of 1.02 lnd 09{ tom6 sed h{r .nd !06 

and 367kA o n. 1 epetively yiet& in rcws 3ocn ap.rr w€rc high€. r[an the 

.ows 20 or 4ocn apar! white pt.nr spacings of 1G20cn had do eff€r

Benslrson 0983) st bd that.lo* spacin8 €ulted in highq ledPeftture 

within the crcp .anopy prct€cting the mp€ froh cold iniqry in winter. The 

increa* in yiel

plant and pod nunbe./ plmt to 7.4 3.68 G) 56.9 Ep6tivel, comp.red with 5.7 

2.90 G) .nd 43.9 rerp*tiv€ly for 7.scn rcw 6pacin8. 

Krur and Ks 099q curEv.ted A/6ia drpdkis vaf ton. in ro* Hkn 

apan or clc sown at 30x30cm or 30x4ftm, crcs ewing .t 30x3{.n aaE €d 

yield of 1.47 t/ha .onparcd wit[ 1,26 t htrl fron plol! sown in one diEtion 

only. V€Ba (1990) studied tte plant 3t!nd tenety iI! a aail witr Bt6io 

mqsni. yar Ton. .v T9 .ow sp.cin8 x int.tion x Tine of hery6rint 

experinent, hi8h€r yield war obirined .t 3{t n than at 45.n bw spa.ing. 

chaudhari .nd Mauld (l9r) conducd experinent on n6brd 816'., 

i,rea .v varuna Pqi.bold and k.nti pmdft€d i€€d yield of 1.15 1.16 and 1.2!t 

ha'r. Hith s€€d yield opFarcd to b€ associated wtth no of po&/pl.nt Kranti 

produced the hithBt oil yield 0.37 t h.r. IntE .nd Intra-rcw speints of 3OxZ5 

30x10, 30x1s.n of 45125, 45x10 .nd 45r15m werc evdud. The hith6t sed 

yield of 1-27 t har wls produ.ed frcn 3orzftn 3p.dn8, Th@ wa3 signilicant 

sed yi€ld Eduction wn€n inteFrcw splcing Ms iturcaed ion 30 io 45cm. Th€ 

lowest sed yield of 1,13 t har wa3 prcduced Itum 45x1ft6 epactng, N€pati. 

(1t1).onducd.n erp€rinent in tte.abi se@n on day Io.n eil, gEw 

Bnsic. c.np€lr* hr o. T-9 soh in rcm 3{kn or 45cm !pa.t 6nerr. of 

uptak€ or N e K S ind Fe in.e€ds and stovq rrc LbutaH- Sowing in rcws 

10cn .p.n incrcaled N, B K S.nd F upbr.€ cohp.led with esn8 'n rcwt

Roy .nd P.'d (191) snrdied the grcwth amlFir of npe o. Sanpad, Ton- 

7 and TgZ Srown in rorc lt 3015 o.60cm apart and thim€d to give plant 

dasirie. ot 66.7,33.r 22.2 ^nd 16.7 phnls n-2 Fpelively. Above grcud dry 

matter incre.s€d with time wlra.r LN reached . p6* 52-39 .t.ys after 

sowi^t. Above ground DM deM*d but LAI inc@sed with incre.* in plant 

density, Crcp grcwth r6te b€foE aid ifter flowdiry net a$inil.tion rate, and 

leaf weight ntio beforc flow€nng and rcl.tive trcwth hE an.l sp

cv. PG.bol4 Kiant', varo$a .nd Ktiehne which g.v€ s€€d yield of 171, 1 88, 

1.69 and 1.47t ha'' with the.orrerponding oil contents of 40& 399 391 .nd 

38.8%. Row spacings of 22.5 30, 37,5 rnd 45cn gave *d yield of 1,44 183, 1 85 

lnd 1.64t h.n, respEtively, .eed otl conbnt wos unaffeted ty sPacing, 

ciwai,r,l (199t) @n hcted field kials in "Rnbi's4on to .s the 

iFp.ct of spacingt of 30, 45 ot 50.n on p€rfom.@ of nurhrd E'6id i!t@ 

.v, TM-17 ttom 

itr day soil. sed and oil yield in@sed with N !rte, E{hin8 a 

plate.u at 75 kg hi ' dnd werc Sreat8i at the .losel tPacint 

Reddy and NaryaM 094) conducted .n exPerinent In wlnter by 

growing hustard ,8.6@ iltd cv V.Nna which wd ewn in rcws 20, 30 o. 

40(m Ap.rt Seed yield ws not aftud by dffercnl tP,.inAs 

Cuprz nnd Pdda (1t95) conducle.l 6.ld hial to study the ilfl!.ft€ of 

phnting gsnelay on yield attributa ad yield of hdian .aye 8. 4dFttis d 

PI303 w.s soM at decitis of 0.16 {.s0 nilion Plants/h.. 

million plants/ha at the rcw sp.cing3 of 30x15cm E.ve 

A detuity of 0 22 

the hithGt *ed yi€ld of 

2.31 t whi.h wa3 not siSnific.ndy differcnt from Z3l toE obt ined with a 

deNity of 0.20 nilxon plants/ha (aor12.s.m sp&cing). 

NolEldin et r, (195) conducd field exPe.ihenr b Ercw raP€.v LirdPa 

and Csor, swn in hiu! 20, 30 or {ftm rpdt with 2 Pbnrs/hiu. Se€d .n.l oil 

yieldr weE hishst in Lnatpa with 30.m h sPacing. 

Dalai et 4l (1996) conducd experinent by sowing Bra$i.a junce. .v Pusa 

Bah.! and sown in rcws 25, 35 or,l5cm p.oduc€d s€ed yield. of 061, 0,66 and

0,52t hrr, rclpettwly, and war conclu.led th.! 35.m rcw 3Pacing tave the 

highct e€e.l yield .nd yield comPondb lite nudb.r of Po&/Plmts, no of 

AEiB/ pod w.e il$ noF .om P.Ed 

to 25 .nd 45\ m rcw rP.flntt 

Kum& 4.t (194 @nducned field exPdimots to !t!dy LAI clntiorchiP 

with sola..adiarion inreeption (SRI), dry nathet Prcdu.don 

.nd 3eed yield of 

lndian nuctard (8r@i@ i!re4), The rolar radiation inter.ePtion .n.l dry natte. 

prcdstion inc@sed lilrdly with ind.e in t-AL Althoogh mrxio@ l-Al sRI 

and dry n.tbr yields krc obt ir.d with 150 kg N/h. .n.l Pl.nt deEit of 

4,!4OOO planb/h. .t a[ the crcp PheioPh.ss 

The hithett st€d yield \@ 

obtained with 125 ks N/ha .tu| pl.nt dentit 266000 to 333000 Plant/h.13 N 

levels (loo, l25.nd l5o kg N/h.),4 pl.ndns d€Eite (0.4'14, 0333, 0.266 ard 

0.222 uiluo! plants/h.), and row sPacints of 22t 30, 325 and 4sch 

Esp

Mudholkaf and Ahlawat (1961) cond!.bd 6n €xP€_ment by sowin8 

Bwttu @bpslris vat ydl\* seato& atdi@ taPd var glaue an.l ob*r€d that 

. dsig of 1661D0 plants ha! wG suPerior to drn[nt at 2k8 s€€d hal Thev 

repo.d tlui dry hatter .n.l nunbq of Pods/ Pl.ni imsed by 3owin8 in 

rcws 3ocm aPait Podttawka (1981) cotducted exPerinent on grey brcwn son bv 

growing winter npe

in.reased by imreasing the decity ftoB 15-22 and 4l Planb n-2 NAR w$ low 

.nd (CGR) coP Ercwth rate *s high .t highd Plant dsitv- CGR incrcsed 

with i|@dinA Pl.nt detuity. SinEh .nd Singh (1984) EPorted th't ircafing 

d€sity frbn 166000 lo 333OoO Pl..t h.i in E s€d th€ s€€d vield ot BBi@ ntPw 

v.r tona fron O92 to l,1l ton hnn Sinth .nd SinEh O96a) rcPord that toral dry 

matter dMularion in *d., stnw.nd tot l N and S rPtal@ by Toria (8t@id 

mp6) v Tona incrcas€d with incre.te in detuitv from 166000 to 333000 Pl'nt3 

Xunnr and GanEwar (1985) obterved that varyinE Plant desitv 'ffed 

the yield. A density of 33000 Pl.nt5 hai edu'ed the leld siSnificandy ove' the 

lowe.levels Plant d€Eity aff

Sierb .!d Geirle. 0944 studied rhe etrect of plant deEit on the yiel.l 

conporenb of winler rape with plint poprlation of 40, 80, 120 or 180 plan8 m-2 

at row spacing of 14, 31 or 41.n, Plint ddsity .IfeH no of po&/pl.nt, 

*ds/plant ald hence sed ield/plant blt row sp.cins h.d a much snau.r 

innu€ne on the .hecteB. SzzySiebti .nd Ow@El 0914 studi€d the 

effe.t of ihE .owing deFili6 80, 160 .^d 240 eds h' on fiv€ winter 6pe 

vari*i€s. The numbd of plant/qnit aEa r€.luced wlth incrcase'in sowing 

deNity p.rli.ularly in th. '0r bw @.i. a.id and glucosinolate. vanetiB yield 

components v.ried betwen ii.nd of diffeEnt dsity .lthough 100G*d 

weigh(, rcnained rclativ€ly coNtant The low*t yield6 weE obtrin€d at .l€n5ity 

.r d, G98E rcporbd that sed yield idd s€ed dil .ont nt of 

intluerced favou.bly at a plant deEity of more than 80 planb 

(1989) ndhred phnt deGina ol 7, lL 57 

fo. fora8e raF o Velor StEm di.neter, no of br.Eh6 no 

weidt w@ high4t with 50cn row Jpacing and 30cn plmt 

,), d.y natler yieLl wft Ngh6t with 167 plant m-2. 

Rtu .l rl (191) .ondu.lEd eip€rinat duut wints pen by srcwins 

t/6ifl .fur@" cv Pusabold sM .t a densitic of 66600, 10000 or 200000 pl.nb 

h{r. S€ed oil .ontent was umfe.ted by plant density, oil 

'aeld 

was hiSher a 

desiti6 of 100000 or 200000 th.n .t 65600 plants. N uptlke in reds and shaw

was sinilar an.l gmter tnan in Pl.nt3 sown .t 66600 Plants hr'- Rana el 

'l 0991) 

conducted e4€rinent d{ring wintet *asoD BBid i/tea 'v 

Prs' bold w:s 

som at 200000, 1OOO0O or 66600 Phnt! hi. S.ed yield from crcF Ebm at Pl'nt 

detuitis of 1O0OO0 o. 2OOOO0 weE sinilf .nd Ercate 

lhan fiom mPs gioM tt 

a density of 66600 Ptants h.1 w.ter ue ef{iciency wd hiAhst at Plant d€roitv of 

200000. 

Roy and Paul (1991) stldied the vield 'nd vield 

conPon€nb of r'Pe d 

sanpo.r, Ton-7 and T$72, Srown at densitiee of 66 2 33 3,22 'nd 167 Pl^nts 

n-2. Nuber of.lays to ihe shrt and eld of flowering wqe redu@d 't highg 

plant

d€l.y.d 3owinE. On .n .vd8e, oil yi€td and n.t etum w€rc higtr6t wfth 3t 

300 plantr ha I .ft! loweE with 14 700 plantr h.i. pahkala.l al 094) conducted 

an exFrnent by sowint raF d. Topas, which wd EiEn 110 or 180 kg N har 

and 8rcwn 6t dflsiti$ of 15,520 planrs n ?. Plant d€sity wds varied by using 

fiv€ differcnr sowing ntes. DeMr pl6nt stalds produced thimer ald ,hortef 

Plants, lhe shortenint oc.ur in the pod,producing s€tjon of rhe main racene 

Further with increasiry ihnd deGity, nuber of bnnch* and ihe nunb.r of 

pods on br.n h6 and in the m.in h.€ne d6Re4 TheF changB in plant 

shucturc weE mdk€d at deFitis over 150-200 ptanrs n2. 

q Donovan (1994) condqcH tietd exFrin€lr to inGtig.re, rhe 

influ€ne ofC.nola cv, Tobtn ptant deNiry and row spa.ing on interf€rence froh 

Ta.tary buckwh@t PdlheteB 6rin.ted fo. both wed and .rop decity l|@ 

signifi.ant bqt did not dif{e. betwen row sp.cingr. Wh€rc no Tarrary 

buckwh€at plants w€F plqt C.nola yield w.r litde afi6H by canota ptmt 

density. At a Aiven Tarhry bu.kwh€at demity, canola seed yield in(e.sed as 

plant decity irc@ed, None of the factoF 5itnifitutly afl@ canot. IOOG' 

6e€d weight o. oil o. prct in lev€ls in the @nota kd. The resutts suggeted that 

seeding canola to achieve a deEity of apploxinatety ao ptanrs m-2 wnl 

sitnificandy redu.e the inpact of weds o! canola F€14 rs well as reduce *€ed 

biomss 6n l se€d yiel.l. 

Bh.n r, rt (195) condu.ied field exp€rinenr to tind rhe efi€r of ptanr 

spa.ing .nd diRtion of sowing h Indian dustard (A,6sid inea)..Ihe pt.^r 

51

sp.cing of 15cm yield eignifi.antly U8he. than 25 a^.1 3lkm sPacing3 Morcover 

no thiming h€rtnent wa. not found favouGble to yield atttiblres .nd vield 

thouEh borh pl.!t ltand at nlturity and Ptant-h.iEht 

under this tr€aheni Dnetion of eowing did not differ signjficandy, 

w€rc oh*ryed hiEh€r 

oupta .nd ?and. (1995) conducd an exFrinent by lowiry ,r6t@ 

drry6ti, d.PI-3(B wd lire town o. br@d@t .lv.rious sPa.inSt to give 160, 

000-500000 plante hr' rad yield ws hiEher wilh brc.d casting than lire rowing 

and wd highet at a dtuity of 220000 Pldb ha' (30115.n sPa.iryt). Huhr .nd 

&h6b. (195) invgtigrted the effe

cry..tv.ly ol .onhlt w!. ridu..d by dl. t'lgho pltut daruy otufd 0996) in 

fdd ttE d tLl, &m iF

3.1 SITE AND SOIL 

TATERIALS AND METHODS 

The expe.iments were conducted at th€ Agfonohic Rekar.h Area 

UniveEity of Agnculture, lais.lab.d, (31q.25 N 730.09 D for two s€.etu dlnnE 

199+!,'6.n.1 196-97. Th€ $il w . s.ndy.tay loam in textuR. BefoE ewin& 

soil te5i showed . pH of 8.13.2 ory.nic natter content from 0,73 ro 0.94X and N 

0.036-0.037 , I,os 6.+6.8 ppn 6n.l XrO 14&175 ppm in both the yea6, 

(Appendix 3,1). Melaorcl6gical d6f. for both the seasons were obt ined fron 

meteo.ologi.al station sihrad .t about one (m fron rlE b.l sib and pEend 

3.2 EXPERIMENT 1 

Efisct of lim€ and mte ot isditizer appticaiion on ihe grc*,rh, s€€d yietd 

and oil quality of canola (Brass,'ca ,apus) cv. Shiral€€ 

3.2.1 O.stg,, Traalments.nd Crop Husbanatry 

Two field €xp€rimenrs with eithrq tiearnenrs and fo{r Rpli.aiiotu 

were .on

.) Tloe of Fdtitia Applic.don 

T1 - Full N (90kt) + Full P (50ks) rr sowing 

T2 = }t N (45kd + tul P (60k9) at sowins + % N (45k9) at liiFt iniSation 

T3 - 11 N (45td + rull P (60rd.t &wins + 

l') R.t of F.ldltza Applisdo! 

N 

(Kg har) (Ks h-') 

m00 

F1 

F2030. 

600 

F3 60 30 

t{ 90 60 

F5 120 90 

N ({5k) .r flowerint 

'q 

Plot 3ia war 2,7m x 5 m with . mw spacin8 of 45.n .p.rt in both the 

All pbrs w€E lown mdu.Iy with th€ help of r rinEle rcw h.nd dril on 

21 Octobef 199s and 1996 @ 5 k8 n.i. H.lf of the nthogen and tull phGphoru3 

fertilizr 6 appli€d ar a bdel do* .t th€ lde of se€dH prep.ntion .rd 

Emdnht hau at 6Ft iftigation anrt flowdinE, We& w@ colboued by hoelnS 

.n l plant prote.tion he.sms folowe.l .t ndod EomBen l.tioro. 

3.3 I'EASUREIIENTS 

3,3,1 GroMh 

AU nesqrcnents reladnE to trwth and yield d.b werc rane in both th€ 

*asoB. A rindonly *l€H a@ of 25 .n a 20 cm wf haw6d .t two wets 

inte al lrom €ach plot and was an.lysed fo. lef area and dry n.tter

..cumuhrion. laf .fta rB na6u!€d on a t€rt &er mete. (Licoa Model 3100). 

The le6f oh index (t-{D wat c.tculaled as rhe rado of leaf arc. to tand @a 

(Watotl. 1944. The leal @a dqndon (I_AD) ws 6tinad aeo.dinS to Hont 

(reE). 

LAD - (LAr, + LAr,) x (t-q)/2 

t-Ah and LA.l arc the ted .@ indie at tine h add r,, Bl€rively. 

Total dry weight was deremined after oven d.ying at TOoC until comrant 

weitht cbp gEwrh .!te (CGR) w.. c.tcutaH s prop@d by Hunr (r98). 

ccR - (w.wl)/ (t r') 

W1 and W2 .re the torlt

- 

:.. 

/.4 

^ 

2. Plant heitht at nrtqnty (n) 

3. N@b€r ofpods plint' 

4. Nunbe. of.€eds podi 

5. 1000{eed eisht (a) 

6. Bioloti..l yield (kg lt.i) 

7. H yFl.l (ts han) 

8. Hiflstin.l* (t) 

the proed@ 6ed for Bordin8 dara on .lirffeEnr @p p.lsebi! wu 

Numb€r ot Pldts m-. 

Nlnber of pLib Fr qit rM (61 in erh ptot at 3 randon poinb w., 

.ounied at hrNest ard c.Lulated at n4.eordinCly. 

Pranr h€ight 6t malufly 

Twen9 planb w* sel*l€d .t !.n.ton trcn e..h ptor Their height w.3 

msund with the h€lp of . n€br rod .nit th€ dage height wd c.krr.t d. 

Numb$ ol po$ danr' 

Tobl nmbe of pods Fr bn End@ly al6H pt n6 fion ach plor 

w@ c@nH .nd dleI .veruE€d. 

Numb€r ot !€6G pod' 

Tl€ numbe. of reedr in.I rh. pods of b. plhts werc.ohd .nd rhen 

.ve.a8ed Pq Pod

ThE ranple. e.ch of 1000ae&, wft t ten at random ftoh rhe saed lot 

of 6ch plot *ethed .nd tleir oate ws c.tcdaEd. 

Eiologic€l yi€ld (kg htr) 

crcp wa3 h.red .t mlturlty, sund.ied .nd then weBhed with the 

helP of rp.ing b.lfte iD detedim th. iotil ttons plotr dnd thd .o eftd ro 

tunitied hiGo@ in ach plot tE thEhed n.nul,ly to |@rd {E sed 

yield plotl md then

Total niboten €ontent of r.mple wat delernined by aicro lietdahl 

nethod (AOAC, 1990). A 05 e of dded .nd fin€ly gound geple ws t ten in a 

kjeHaH flal witi 3 I of digertion nixture (HfOr + reSO!) i! the .!60 of 1:9 

wa. added foUowed by 20 nl of sulturic 6cid. The sahple was boiled in 

.tiEerion appnrnt$ for l.t2 houF til the.onbnt' lE.n€ d@f, The dig6r.d 

d.i.iiil w6 c@led rnd diluted up to 250 ml in . volumetric n.sk by .dding 

dietill wet€r. An aliquot 10 6l of thk was bansferred to the mj.ro kjeldahl 

dbtilation .pPlr.tur. It rc mir€d with tq d of 40* NIOH and distiued in the 

pGenft of 50 ng 2inc dust Aahonia thus evotv€d w6 .olterd in . BeiEr 

containing 10 nl of 2% boric acid tolution with metiyl red .r indicato., 

The conienb of distiUabe werc riaad .EaiNt itandard sutturic acid 

(N/10 rbsol) to light pink cotor en

3.4.1 Design, Tfeattnents anal Crop Husbanc!ry 

The experisents w€re con

3,5,2 Yield and Yleld Components 

At matudbr .n a@ of 5h x 1,0 m war haryaH ofter teaving appropriare 

boideE and followina ob.€satioE werc eo.ded. 

1. Ilant population (m1 

2. Plant h€ight 6t maturfty (m) 

3. N{nber of podd plantr 

4. Nmb€r of s€.ds podr 

5. 1000{ed weitht (s) 

6. Total bicna$ (kE h.1) 

7. Sed yierd (kg han) 

8. Haret index (*) 

The pra€dure us€d ror Eordint d.ia on difeht mp pahmeters w6 

. same a3 .l€*ribed in Erpqinent 1. 

3. 5. 3 Q tal ity rr aa s u rem ents 

The nethods and p.dedu.6 for oit and proiain conienrs we.€ .ko th€ 

tahe a6 d*cribed for the experinent 1. 

3.6 ECONOi C ANALYSTS 

Tl'e p@led exF.im€ntal d.r. were anarys.d by usinE rhe nerhodology 

d€sribed in CIMMYT (19B8). The net b€netit .nd benelit{cr .alio werc 

c.l.ul.d .The purp@ of this alaly3is *as to datu.6e rhe difieqc in Gts 

and benetits for difteEnt lrqhrents . Net benefits werc caLula@ by subtracring 

the totll variable c@t fron the total benefits from each treahent .onbination. 

Input .nd ortput cct 60r each h€.lnent combimrion war convqr.d to Rs hrr 

€1

3,7 ATATISTICALA}'ALYAA 

lb d.L wa .t ftdcr|ly .|:t ry-d !y |tdrg fte mFd.r .lrdd..l 

Fllrun rdsr^l4 (8n d .nd l|nnn 1t6I Ar!/i. d r'|d@ 

E ltd{E *@ .od.t d b 5 th. m|l dt!568 of t &h, wub 

D@l Nq rd!ffre &!!. (Drr$ br.t HI5 w! E l to c6Flr tL 

@

4.I EXPERITIENT 1 

RE ULII AND DISCUSSION 

Efilct ot tn. ud tare of tbrdlts r appllcadon on ilE grcwth, .€.d yi.td 

dd oil quallty of canoh (a'|$rc. n.AA) cv, Shlllloe 

1.'.' PLANT ESTABLISHTNENI 

N€ithd tiaing tur rab of fertlia appliatbn signifirtt .rfRbd th€ 

lind nuber of plmb at hde6r Ov€d[ a@hge numbq of plnfts mr ws at 

$out 15 in dl rh€ babMlt (rabb 41) 

4,1.2AROWTH 

4.12.1 LEAF AREA TNDEX (LAt) 

Tift of f€rtiliE .ppliatim ha.l m .ignifiot etr*t m LAI 8row6 

nr dq 

lul@t daiE iluing both dre *.m. (ApFndi€.42). liguE 4,1.b pr.6t d€ 

lvdlge €fH of ditreMr rat6 of fertili4r npplidtim @ l€d 6E cudl duing 

both the grtrinA *.ga Tte LAI nER.*d slpldily b i6 ttta lfuimu v6le 

of2,56in199t qrl 249 in 199497 util15Imlrry hde6t dd thd dedin€d

T.U. ar: Dtr*t.fth. &d nt ott-rttE .ldi.dor o firtc otiur, F 

Tl=FullN+P.tbwbr 

T:l - 12N+ftlln e\|iC + l2Nn It 

T3 - lDN +i![F.t mwiog + trt N.r 

& 

m 

FI 

t:2 

FJ 

N 

60 

0 

90 

120 

o 

30 

30 

90 

6.1 

l9$96 l9G9 

la.?9 Ns 

14.79 

1478 NS 

t4.78 

t4,73 

14 80 

u.a2 

14,81 

NS 

ta,?9 Ns 

14.E 

t4,83 

14,?ENS 

t4.78 

I,l.8l 

la3t) 

h.a, 

14,81 

NS 

14.19 t4.80 

t4.19 

u.n 

14,81 

u,7a 

14.?8 

14.17 

t4.80 

14.&L 

l48t

i* 

I 

$xd !aD* 15Jr 15 lra 

Ib, +r. trf..r of{hi&tdint6 of f€di6 o t .f 1.. bdc of 6d 

dDrt (.) t99t96 &d o) t996.r?. 

65

€ 

3"* 

, 

A 

€ 

I 

al 

l3J.r,l.!51-.rF| 

rrta ,s!. t4r0 

Il3 4t. Ef.d of dltfdda i.as ot lirdlrrn o! &y w4lr ot c.nob 

dEils (.) 19+16 dd (D) 19,G97. 

6A

dD.pV iGFti@ of tterttsd! Dunng *.tuE rE ttB (N@ber b Jmlary) 

l€.f !s al€v€lopmdt dbs Ia@ slow prcb.bly dE io lN bnIEntuE 

(ApFdn( 3,2). The€.Jter, tlaFr.ture ro€e dpid rares of LAt its€lopt6t 

mrEd. IIE shdp delnE of LAI towdil tt€ ad of *6m w6 .!*i.d with 

rlie er€irc of l€ava !hi6 phg€tllgM of LAI

eiiaed at 15 l$uary hdesr AU other lower fetdlipr appli@dd hres 

ituluding cmtol dld tutachide o LAI v6he of 30 durin8 the Eq^dr F i"d. 

ln 19546 Iuidu l,AI vd@ wft 1.73 in m, 235 in E2A in F2, 2.81 nr 

F3, 3.09 in 14 and 3.18 n1 15, pspe.tieely e 1s Imlary hder In 199@7, 

€quivalent fiauE rerc 1.51, 219, 1.9, Zz, 3.20 .rxl 3,33, Epafively alqring rIE 

The impoftfte of LAI6 ! .l€bBi6t of radiatton intereptim ha3 ben 

weu @snizd in 6etd mF imh.ting 8I6i.. (K@r .r d 199). Tl@ authoF 

Epord a It'E eLleship ber!,gr Udt idereptid.rd LAI in Br@i. ltrd 

fosal m optimu LAI of 3,11, whi.h i. Bimilrr to rhoe fourd h this stu.ly drnra 

tle nro *a9s (3,093.18 in 199!96 dd 3.203.33 ir 1969). h rhe pIegt .tudy 

etred d i@nng he d fen ia .ppudf6 @ dl6du LAI M .16 simit t 

to thrr rcporbd in Brcne 6y XuM.r.i 099) in In li! dd Atbt arrt l\,toram 

(197q h UnitEd Kingd@ 

1.t.2.2 LEAF AREA OURATTON (tAD) 

Th€ LAD b 6 ihportant paIseier whi.h tuohrs borh rhe m8iihde of 

l4t d6 dil ib peBisitu in tift. Tor.l *,6al LAD rc tpr si8 ti66y 

.f&l by the Em of Hilia appu66on duinA both tlE y@E of dnl, .rd ir 

vdi€d from 128 to 140 day .dsrg tui@s timinEs of ferdtizer .ppti@tid 

IrE@,inE rabr of fertiliz! appll@tto[ howwd, .i6nifi@{y dd lirearty 

irctuFd tdnr LAD duling borh tne ffi Gable 4.2). Ii t99!% dE 15 O2O4O) 

6a

T.bt. 42: Efi..t of tin. dd r.l. of totiliE tPpli..tion on L.f ds d(|aion 

Tl-FulN+Prtwilg 

T2 - 1,2 N + tutl P .t swiut + l/2 N tr ls 

T! = l/2 N + ftIPn sirs + l2N d 

l. f..tilid dt (tg l. ') 

N 

tjt 60 

l'2 0 

F 120 

LSD5% 

l0 

30 

60 

rrl.g dmld (lr.tt) 

199195 

l29.9lNS 

133.55 

135.96 

a3.8t f 

l19.J0 d 

t6t.6t b 

NS 

1996.'' 

123.03 NS 

130.20 

t3l.al 

lt6.03 d 

138.72c 

t@.71\ 

1?3,11| 

5.82 

NS 

r]3,18 129.E8 

Mos b lL. ..m 6t@ [!nE di&.ot bras rffi. igli6.dty .l (P < 0 05) 

09 

n4.97 

13r.9 

l3l_68 

86.85 

|1.76 

r08,8t 

140.09 

l6t.l6

f ttIII 

I 

f lre 

ttlr 

tI ln 

"L 

ia It 

I,t €,1l r{.ft&ldr-erltrttdLdi-.|.frJ.r& 

ffir (' !g!rardO) t9art

€rrirs 

I 

€n 

atiattiaint. 

ldrrb(51 

rt' a,{rrcdtia r&'.!d-rr.{- -aHlrdr.a.d.r 

rt Fd.ddd. 

71

h6hEt q$sed LAD lhar .tt oth.r rate. ol lertillar .ppliotior Tle !0 

(6nhol hubht aave tne bw6r s'ml !AD, Sinit t rqd,in LAD 

8Mdaii@ woberved dftina 1996-97 aln G.ble 42). In 1995- sdbl 

LAD vatE weE 88.84 in m, 119,50 in aj" 111$ nr f2, 141,9 n1 F r6t61 h F4 

liil ?577 it.t! in lt €IErively, h 19tZ dE equihlar valc rep 84a7, 

116.@, 10613, 138.2 160.72 .rd 173.11 dayr Epedvdt Oveal a!@te LAD 

v.lu6 weE 13s.13 dars b 1995-96 .na U9.33 &y. in 1996'9, 6F1irv (Iabr. 

4.2). Kle dd Kondra (1986) rcpord tAD vatc at about @70 .lay. lbh 

rldffiin8 lo o.tutit h FF @p. 

W.t oi (1962) srcl{d€a lut l-AI d ib iibSnl er riE LAD ir . @Fr 

Incior rt€t dinina difi€rcs inyietd betw6 sF.i6o@ning dE 6oat@hic 

batmata sihiL t S..n .r 4t (1 ) FFrbd dlf LAD of on *ed rape ws 

.lodt r€lrlEd b LAl dd th.t lAI w6 SEtly ie6dd by rdroga npdireo,v a 

€utt sihibr to thlt fourd in thi! rtuily. 

4,1.2,3 ORY MATTER ACCI'i/IJLATION 

Ca6ll)', t bl dry @ltE! GDM) dml,lid q*i Ed ro ilElEPunil 

25 Febffry hdr.t in 6oe! rhe s@ (Fig 42 .b) dd rna rn* w. d..ay 

delire 6dl fi$I n r!e!. (6 AprX), nEpedre of rrqhErs Sjrni!, SrcwOr 

ffi d lDM tuLrid in &!gid cFp wa Elotud Dy orhe6 (56r.r d 

197J; 416 dd Mdga|, 195; le&boa 190), LEEEftB rrE o, tuitis 

apprictim {F5) .mDiared siSnfidrly su{tr Mb d DM rh4 dE mrrot

(F0) d ltrd rate€ of ferdli4r appxodm Fr,r4) in both tte yds of dudy (Fit 

{.2!b). The ditre@ nr TDM rMuhrim bet$Er !4 .td F5 r,strsrb rerg 

hwmr, rchdv€ly 6aI durhs dly *66 gwfa (upro 15 Ieury h.re6q nr 

bodr dE gm Irl 19t% at 618l hrct the avq.ge TDM yGld rc 849.50 in 10, 

1010.80 nr FL 9S.55 nr F2, 16a50 h P3r 1dt.70 nr 8l .rd U69.50 a ar in F5, 

r€.p

At fiMl ft!r6! 6e avenge TDM yield oI the prest study vart4d lrm 

10.2 t lur in 19lqt b 9-5 t lEr in 19697,,rd it ituRsed upto 11.2 th.r with 

iftrcdd€ ate of feriilis (fq app|n dd TIE TDM yi€ldr c aihiLt lD thoe 

1G14 t har rcportail in dE liGrlture (4116 ond Moryr4 195i ANe dd 

S.disbridc 1995; GammUvrd et .17%) tle*inAet.l1997) K@ ct tl194. 

1.1,2.4 CROP GROWT|I RATE (CGR} 

TtE titu of fertilter application had no signififfit effe.t @ t!16 CGR in 

both dE ffi G.!L rL3). lll avd.ge OGR vdi€d froh 220 to 281 E 6n .lr 

dmg vdiow ti4ings of feriilt€r appliotth The rate ot hilis applicatio|/ 

howd€r, eignilidtly and li@ly in@*d CGR in both the m (Iabb {.3), 

Mlim6 CGR wa prcdued !y tt€ tuinm hte of fertili?E application (t5) in 

boti dE gac IlE Lrw€*CGR wa rh('h by the.@lrol (m) tebEt 

OvehLl, 6vda8€ CGR vdied fr@ 7.80 g m, iF in 199#5 tD 7,b gâ dl 'i79t- 

97, sPefively Gable 4 3). 

rIE inbletif bet 7qr iimin8 dd at€ crf f€ izrim ap l-nq .f,aring 

CGR l@ signifi@t in bodr dE s$r CLbl€ 

4.4). TIE intenctid s\ow€d thnt 

CGR wa 6i8niftddy ircre.sd at hider nle of ferdliz€r .ppuddoa lrrcE?eEve 

of lift of fenilia 6ppli@tion duri$ 1995-96 li @trBl in 19t97 the COR w6 

uEihu with ltattmt (mbiutid of T3 T5 whee the value 16 8,35 q mn dr. 

In thb study average CGR valu6 wied Ircm 280 b 7.25 gde dr in lodr

Trbl. 4.3: Ell4r ol rlb. .dd nt oa f.rd&a .ppnc.dd o qop govlh r.r. 

Tl = Full N + P.t ioei!8 

T2- l/2N+n P!leBhg+ l/2N.tLt 

T3 = 1,, N + ftll P.| erirg + rAN.r 

E FddlL6..r. Or !.) 

FO 

FI 

F5 

r-sD5% 

N 

0 

60 

9t) 

IN 

P 

0 

30 

60 

cor greiii nt.C !i d1 

t99+4 t b-91 

7.81NS 

?.81 

6.45 t 

7.10.1 

3,23 b 

0,09 

7.80 

7.20NS 

7,31 

6,11f 

7.01, d 

?.65 b 

3.12. 

0.07 

Mdl h tL ,@ @bd twils.t&Er idddie. 'ianmory.r (P 3 0.05) 

" = Si!Di&{t n (P s ool) 

. - Siglldc. n (P < 0.0J) 

76 

7.50 

1.53 

1.55 

7,35 

7.11 

3.53

Irbl.,l.4: Th. iois..tior b.t*.e tio..!d mte olfdtilit r {Plic.tion rfl'dltg 

aop !rd.[ dt duitr! r9r+t6 rd |99Ar' 

IIFO 

TIFI 

TIF2 

TIF3 

Tl!4 

lIFJ 

T2FO 

T2FI 

72F2 

T2F3 

T2t4 

T2F5 

T3m 

T3FI 

't3F2 

T3F5 

lsD 5 

199+96 

6,65 r 

1.66fA 

1.4h 

6.35j 

7.11f 

7.5r C 

8.95. 

6.36j 

8.02 dc 

,.26 b 

0,16 

t99€v, 

1.0t I 

166 d 

6.40j 

6.99 f 

6.?8 8 

&|lb 

6..6 ij 

7.00f 

8.15 | 

0.u 

MaB itr dc a@ .ol'n n viig dft.qi Lnos i6tr r dgiif..ltlv d (P < 0-0r) 

76

the *,9'B similar g@th nb d be cLdlb.I fo@ lhe dah 6 TDM in 

BrNi@ Epp, rcporH by vdid3 autlolr m46@d dliei Re6t work in 

Austodn by Hcldn8 .r ., (1 on bF6io ard efu|,. 6lw.d [!l4q g|ddt 

ntEs (1C15 E 6, dr) durnu dE pedoil tetw6 dth€is ed Murnry, How€G, 

avqag€ CGR v6l@ of the p'€gt dudy t1@ rihil,r tD the |€aae val6 (&lO 

grP dt) ol Alhn anil MorE6(195) wo dng h dE Udled Xnladon 

..12.5 NET AASMLATION RATE (NAR) 

No signi6iLut difemr in M NAR w* .@red b€tw6 vdi@s 

lihings of ferfiliE applilE@ in bo{h the e.Fm Clbte 45). Ir! @b.4 

i@ing rate o( fer!:liar applietid 3ignifi6tt Edu.€d NAR tm @ttot (F0) 

or r@€r r.tes of f€n ia applicltim (Fl-Fl). caEally rhe diffffie in lEe 

NAR bet||e Fl m.l 15 w@ sEll ,td lM siSriiimr in both rh€ g3s In rhis 

atldy !ll:@n l NARvdued wft ?,F g^t d-1id79s5.96 mA7,66 g m" dr in 196 

', 6p66dy Cr6bb aq, whdr N dmitar b tE .vedge hrE of NAR (6 E or d 

r) rcporte.r fd a rd8€ of tup€ in d€ litenturc (Hun! 199). K.& arxr Kon

T.bL 45: Efct of tiD..rd t offdtillt r.ppl4rlio! o! n.t..dojt 6on r.lt 

Tl = Frll N + P.r e*n8 

T2 = l/2 N + nrl P.r &filg + l,2N !r lC 

T3 = l/2 N + 6r(P.r swing + 1,,2 N rr 

E. Fdrilid nt os t ') 

N 

Fl 60 

F20 

!5 120 

L-sD'% 

0 

30 

3o 

60 

90 

r{.r .riD&tLr Er. (t D'd )' 

r995.96 199G9 

8.t7 NS 

1.91 

7.15 

6_69 d 

0.39 

NS 

1_95 

7.74 NS 

7,65 7.14 

8.42 b 

?.13d 

5,25. 

0.38 

Mdr h tL @ @lI@ hebs ditrEdt L.t B diea iglnislv .t (P < O.O5) 

7A 

NS 

7.61 

9.81 

a_22 

8.J9 

1.30 

617 

6.42

1,1.3 Yield .n.t Yldd Comp€nants 

4.1.3.1 PLANT HEIGHT 

Dab rcg.rding pLnt lEigl* 6 a@ by vdio@ tsrlErs .r @ruiiy 

* giv6 h Tlble 4.6. Plrnt height w6 mt siAnituntly .fferEd by rhe rire of 

tuilia appliati@ in both th€ sss, ard itvdir.t b€rw6 2(E2, h uma 

variG tiIF of fertili,er applicatid, H@ever ra6es of feriilt€r appli@tion 

pl,nt h€ight nr bo{i tlE sgs ln 1995-96 ss|, 

impding nla of N dd P applicatid (FGFs) rigtifi@rdy drEnGa plhr heidr 

aer othq nt€. of fenilia nppliorix irruding @bbl (F0) lrahrab H@ad, 

F4 (9060) trattHt wad 66tistioly at pd in pLnt heidt ro 13 (6G30) t@hn@r 

'Ilp ava8e pLnt IEiSht vdi.rt 6om Z13o in fO b 227 m in F5 tre.ra.rt w h . 

't'6 varE of 2.20 m (Iabl€ 46). Bquivalqt v.ru6 of pLnt heidt in 19692 

vdi.d lm 1.9h in !O to 214 m in F5 tatlag r h . llls v.l@ of 2O7 6 

fr.bk 4,o). l,l,xidum heght of 2,rl n w6 rsrded d 85 (120 LE N, 90 tg hos) 

tatrat whi.h w6 riafatially at p.r with !a ({-60) .id tg (6G3O) 6er6lia 

hba O!€m!, plmt h€i8ht w6 high€r h 199546 thd in 1969. 

GaEdly hMnnt nb. of fertilia lpplt..rDn nEEed plat heigl& . 

rdlt Bimilnt b other wor&€6 (Chdq ., .t, 1995 , Ali.r ,l 1996; kl@ti $d klfta 

196; Th,.kuriA .rd Goaoi, 196Ic/@ .t 4tt94t),

T.bb 4,6: Enr. oa riD. e.t na. or a.rriL.. .prflc|aro! or !r.!r !.ghr 

r- Ti@ or.pptiqd; 

Tl=FulN+ptrewilg 

T2= U2 N + ftl P.r s*h! + t2Nn tr 

T3 = L N + irti p rl swilg + V2 N.r 

x. Fqdtie rtc (Lr [.-r) 

Foo 

N 

Ft 

F2o 

60 

F4 90 

F5 t2o 

!sD5% 

P 

30 

30 

rb tr istrr ( r) 

r99t96 19,641 

2.l9NS 

2.2A 

2.21 

2.13. 

2.l8 cd 

2.U6 

2.06NS 

2,07 

2,08 

t.99d 

0.0J 

NS NS 

2.20 2.07 

T,:T," ": T -t- "* di&ar r.nd di,ft. ds-Ec.n, .r (p j oo5) 

a) 

2.t2 

2.t4 

2,14 

2.6 

2.ll 

2,t)9 

2,t4 

Lt9 

2,20

4.1,3.2 NUMBER OF PODS PLAN]'I 

it is ai.tat 116 dE dats (r6bb 44 dlat 6e nurner of pods pla*r r@ 

mt significdtly .tul by dm of fddlia .pplicatid in boih the eqE, and ir 

wie.l b€tw6 429.39523,50 monE vdios len is al'trlicldd tims Horerer, 

signifidt diff.@ in the mn$er of pod! pLntr w@ obefl€d .t6g vdios 

f€rtitzr rate&Tlp nuhber of po.b pLntr w6 !t rs*d li@ly with n|@sing 

db5 of N dd P upb Pl (90-60) t6hEt in b..n the dld 'tl*Efbi, it slighrv 

d€lircd at high€r rab (F5) of ftrtilirer lpplicatim in both the *alm In 199596 

&prer!{@ 44.@,490,@, 52633,6@33 dtl 583.50 poals phntr in m, Fl, F2' !3, H 

ard F5 appuodd nter epdtEly. Equiv6lat figrc in 199G97 weF 351,33, 

C9439,3a433, 451.66, *.76 a](149333 pods pl,nt' Espedvely i^199@7 w 

(r.ble 44. Hmod, in both ye.re F4 (9G@) b&hlst pr.ducd signifio. ly 

hide' N6ber of pod6 th6 all other betduti Th€ hiEhd nqber of ?od6 h thig 

trahEt w LrEelt' d@ ro higlEr LAI. thEusholt devdop@r whih o{!.d 

8ldtel nqhberof pods being.aied by dh inflot*me. 

Irie rc$lrs @ in lire with tho* repord by Ni{h 0997) who also 

Ptbrd tlut iftI6ing the hb of N fe.tilia. oi irr8atim mbr inc€ed pod 

mmba 4er .6trol tr4bm! 

A si&nifioit inbn ria bert a ri@ of fertilid appliatim md vdi@s 

fddli*r applicatid .ate! affeting nqber of pods pLrtl was signilicmr in 1996 

a1

T.bL4.7r EfiEtof tio..!dr.toolfqlillrd.pplictrio! o!nonbdof pod!pL' 

Tr=n|llN+P.twba 

T2 = V2 N + tull P d s*bg + ln N.t ld 

Tl = L2 N +tul P.r $wbg + l/2 Nrt 

B. Fdtiliar r.t (Lg h. ') 

N 

m0 

FI 60 

F20 

F3 60 

F5 120 

rlD5% 

0 

30 

l0 

60 

506.4! NS 

523.50 

5t9.83 

123.00 r 

490,33 d 

5 .33. 

608.31| 

58t.50b 

NS 

r99G91 

430.00 Ns 

132.04 

429.13 

351.3!f 

3q,33 d 

3a4,lt. 

451,66 c 

4tt.33 b 

6.80 

516.t8 430.45 

Mas i! t[. 9D @hrd lNi4 di&*al Lri6 dilfta jliii@tlv .t (P < 0 0r) 

. - sislifcor .r (P < o.ot) 

e 

,16&20 

414.54 

38t.t6 

142.33 

426,16 

4E9,00 

557.54 

538.91

T.bl. !.8: I1. inth.rior b.rr&n ri!. r.d Er. of fdtitid .pdcrdo! ,rh.ri!g 

Nnbq otpodt Dt lt-rdurtns t99C97. 

Ttm 

TIFI 

TIF2 

TIF3 

TIF4 

Ttnr 

T2FO 

T2TI 

T2t' 

lltP3 

T2F4 

l2FJ 

T3FO 

r3F2 

T]F4 

r-sD 3% 

NMbq ot Po& Dt !a 

1996-9' 

38{ f8 

45t.00d 

49l.mta 

'lt:00€ 

3,13.00 | 

198,00. 

338.00 4 

457_00 4 

5t5.25. 

353.00ti 

389.004 

381,00t 

It.78 

Mtus i! rh. !|h. cohro hsiog d&an id..s di&, dsrr*c|!,r, n (P s O05) 

83

97 (t6bL 48). M,*nm Mber of pods pirnt: (515.5) wE @rded in'I2 F4 

t6rr6t @dbiFtim whih w6 db$r&lly at P.t with 13 14 tEthst 

mbnDtid (5O7.m). The treabndt chbnetbE of T2lO otd T3m Save the 

low€5t nuber of pod! pld|tl Gable 4.8). o!€Erl '6 n@tld ol !od. Pltntr 

rc 51658 in 19ry6 nrd !G0.!(' in 196t7, Fp€tGIy. 

Simillt r@lt! w@ reporbd by My rdk r who .160 rcPord thrt 

imre6ing N .rtl P applicar@ r.hes significailty arre@d the nuaber of Pods 

pbnrr (Mudho*at md Ahlamt 198L 8.s* d .i 1990; f.ipai .t 4/ 192 chaulE! 

et alTW; AJnEswd.t d79C Bislhoi ddSingll 199, 

it.1.3.3 NUMBER OF SEEOS POU' 

IIE Fslb Fnbl€ 49 dE&ttil ttut the numbet ot seds Podn wE rct 

si8nifidqy .ff

TtbL ,Lg: Efiea oa ald. urt rt ol fqdrbc .lPliotto! or ldbs olt...L pod'' 

Tl-FrIN+P.!@ina 

T2 = r,2 N + nrlP.t Nina + v2 N rr !d 

T3 = l2 N + frl Pr eiog + r,'N.r 

B. Fdtiltc r.a Gg hr') 

N 

Fl 60 

F20 

FJ 60 

F5 120 

LsD5% 

P 

0 

3o 

30 

60 

'. 

18.15 NS 

18.40 

18.75 

16.69 d 

r8.55c 

l.3d 

NS 

r9*9 

l7.39NS 

11.29 

l?.61 

t4.29 f 

15,8?. 

16.9,1rl 

l?.89c 

20.88 ! 

18.76b 

0.42 

18.41 t7.44 

Mas b 6. $o 6bd i&irg rti&.d L'dn| & dslf..ltly .l (P < o05) 

. = SriSDifEt .r (P < o.o5) 

t1,71 

11.u 

t&la 

t4.80 

16.28 

18.19 

2t.32 

19.60

T.bl.4lO.Th.i .r.cdor b.tw.e! tiu. rld r.t orlstiliz.r rpplic"lio! af4d'g 

ludltd of ..dt Pod 'dui4 r9tcgr. 

TlFO 

Tl!r 

1rF2 

TIFS 

Ttt4 

TlF' 

T2FO 

T2FT 

TZI' 

'f2F4 

'r2n5 

T3FO 

T3FI 

T3F2 

T3FI 

T3F4 

T3FJ 

IsD 5% 

r9*lrl 

14.84 ij 

16.25 fE 

l?.96 d 

20.22h 

r18.04d 

13.8t t 

l5.lJ !i 

t6.?9 tb 

'2t,19. 

t4.23 iL 

l6Ol gh 

l6.9Ed 

' t8.05d 

2t.rt. 

, 19,210 

0.74 

M.u i! llc 5.e.o1,@ hrvna ditr 'ar lldd di&. lisliliddv.t (P

otler ra6$ of f€niliEr applicatim SimiLrly 15 (12tr90) ttehiat wa al$ 

sFdor in the nqber of Fed. loCj thdr the lower nt 6 of fertilia appli@tio 

Gabb 

4,9), Ovaall.whge nub.r ot *erld podr wa 18.,(l in 19996 atd 17.43 in 

19697 set Bperivey (Iabh 4.9). Ih€ hi8ha n6ber ot *d. !t higlpr nles 

of iertlrer appli@tion wft prcb.bt brcqht by the gebt nub€r of Pod! .ttd ot 

*€& podrt a fo{flr hy AUen .nr Mo€s (195). 

The iniera.tid tEtw6 t@ &til ob of brtlizr .PPtidlh durin8195 

97 sletil that tEinu mhlq of *ed8 podr (2.13) wE fouttd with l3F4 

b6hr6t odbi tid Thb ws liAtiltiol|y Pd 

nt tc nu6tq oI !€€dlwilh T2 

f4 tr6b!.r .dbnudn Minihd nMbd of *e& Dodr ws rcbd with T2 m 

trahEt odbiddd .t 1381 0.ble {10), 

C€ml}y, fertls .ppli@td h.Eed th. Ntber or ledt Podi wilt 

ilrfuhg ierlilireB le!€16 of appliodn SldtdLt n6tE of *.d. Podi in 

BEno ,pP. lru rcpo.i.d by od€6 (Alln qd Nkngn\ 1972; \ .t at lm; 

Scarisb'n .l .l 1S0, LiFi ., d 194 Chauld ., .l 1995). vulioud (1974) t@dd 

foutd tlEt itr.tqe in dL of .pplid nitoSa deMed d€ nhber d ed. fDdr. 

ThB d!.ly.l$ 3bM a 4stili.rt

ediea b€f}!@ z%.3.O7 A/10m*e& .mong vdioue ldtilizr appliotid tima 

In 199546 so stnjlidrt dntr€r!|@ w Krd€d in 1m+e

T.bL 41r ! Ed.ci of riD. rld r.l. of fcdltr .pdic.alor d llxl(l...d t itht 

Ir - FullN + P.t -r 4g 

T2 - l/2 N + fill P rr owiig + l/2 N rt Id 

T3 = l/2 N + frl P |r3o*ing + IDN n 

B, Fddr&.i r.r. 0(t h. ) 

N 

F0o 

Fl 60 

t3 60 

F5 120 

lsD5% 

0 

30 

60 

90 

19+95 199{.9 

1.05 Ns 

3.04 

3.O7 

2.17 f 

2.4t. 

2,94 it 

3.09c 

3.28 b 

oo5 

296NS 

2,94 

2.99 

2.7a I 

2.91. 

3,08 b 

3.18r 

0.03 

NS 

3.06 2_98 

M.$3 hO. @ con@ lebs dift(.dt l.o4 diftr i!!i6Ntt.t (P < 0.0t) 

.. - futri66t r (P < 0.01) 

NS = Nm dgricFnr 

a9 

3,OO 

3.01 

3.(Xl 

2,14 

2.Al 

2. 

3.08 

3.31

.bh d.12r Th. btorctto! b.iwd lia..!.1nt of fddts '9pli'riioo ttreddg 

l00G'..d {.idl dailg 1995-96. 

Tlm 

TIFT 

TIF' 

TI!"J 

TIF4 

TIF' 

T2.FO 

T2F1 

T2F2 

T2FJ 

T2F5 

T3FO 

T3FI 

T3I'2 

TIFJ 

T3F4 

T3F5 

lslr 5 

uo...d r.tl|c) 

19996 

2.75v 

2.80F 

2.90 Ci 

3.04.f 

3.50. 

1.35 t 

2.80jr 

'2.8t ! 

2.95 C 

.3.11& 

3.35 bc 

t.70 d 

2.7E* 

2.86 lii 

2.99 & 

' 3.40 b 

3.30c 

M@r i! d. i.tr coh@ ltiry dif!.d latd di&r igrin@dv 'r 

.7l 

(P 3 O05)

prcdu.ed by the m tehEt (olibiMlior|!, 

aPPlia66 clabb 4r4. 

/11,3.5 BIOLOGICAL (STRAW AND SEED) YIELD 

irres?(We of tim oI leftl4r 

trr both w tic of fdtilia applidtim did not .hq sianifiqr efet 

d 6nat bioloSi.al yi€ld, (otnw + *ed) 6id it vai€d frcm 9t59.@ to 1065,38 ka har 

dm8ntioc tic of fertlia.ppl+-sm G.bL 413). ttows€r, hiah.r f€riilia 

appli@dm hb (Fs) .ign{im0y d.l lin@ly irE@*d bioloEi.dr yield @d lower 

nbs of fertiliar .ppliotbn in both the w In 19546, 6rut hiologic.r *dd h 

f0, n, F2, F3, F4 ond 15 trahnqb wa 8495,@,7@0A.25, qgO.V, 7c635.?3, 

797y7.77 ard u@s.49 kC hal FsFdrery. Egsiv.lat v.rs for th€ t9S7 

ss rerc qqj33, E2AL65, 8W.63, 9A5LB, 

md 10680,6 ka lDi, 

'g)4,C1 

E6petiwly (Iabie 413). o.mll tE 6irul ttokaidl /EI& mrc dsed fbh 

1023218 Lg har in 195+6 io 95m.12 lE hai h 1s9697, EFcri@ly (Iabte {13). 

Ilp inEracti@ betwq tire dtd ob of ferliliar apptidbd a66iht 

biolo8ic6l yield {6 digdfi@rl ln both th€ tqs of sbrdy (T.ll€ 4,14). In 195-96 

Gi'$a biological yieLl w6 obbnEd flu hi€hd r.te of fedia +pln-tiqr 

irEspa'ti@ of &re of ferulia appliotim In 199647, lowd€r, hiSher f.rtifber 

.pPli@tim ni. (lt prcdued Isi6u biologicat tield but dt .a It f€nilizr 

aPPliadm Ehing CLble 4141 Thir w6 folbwed by T2f5 hEtllqt combiMriq 

whnh dDw€d hidE biologicl yield

Tnbr. 4,13: Elf.ctortin. rnd nrc of l{dllar.ppli..aio. on lin.l biotogi.rl 

(!ir.r€.cd) ti.ld 

aioh!|..{rEu t..d)yidd (tr h. 

t99t96 tgror1 

'll =FullN+Prlewitrg 

T2 = U2 N + tull P.. $whS a 1,2 N tr h 

T] = U2N+tullPdwi,r! 

a. 

LSDs% 

90 

t20 

o 

30 

l0 

90 

93l4.tt NS 

rot6r.t8 

r0r6t.38 

8495.09 f 

r0l08.25d 

t051t.73 c 

ro79?.I b 

! l6tt,49 t 

48.63 

9459,00NS 

9526.09 

8{93.13 f 

920t.6t d 

9852.28c 

t0o4{.9t b 

10680,69a 

108.20 

t0237. t8 9510.t2 

Man. ii th. sft @lutu hrvn8 dif.Mt Lin6 ditr . dllifcdly n (P s o.o5) 

'! 

' 

= Significon(.r (P3 0.01) 

. Sigrificmt .r {P< 0.0t) 

i6.61 

9Ut.6t 

988t.r6 

a49a.2l 

9654.95 

t0194.00 

t042.01 

ll 188 09

'lrbl.l.llrTh. ini.riction boiwcen tin. rnd 

TIFI 

1rF2 

TIF3 

TIF' 

1Zl:0 

T2FI 

'12F2 

12Fl 

't 2F4 

T215 

T3FO 

T3FI 

T]F2 

13Fl 

13F4 

T3[t 

L5D5% 

.fiftrine blololidt ]i.ld du.lng 

r.t. of ledliz.r.ppli.itio. 

Bioloric.l Gul+!4d) yi.ld (ks b. ) 

r99996 1996-97 

4141.25A 

835? 2l lr 

10264.25. 

9854.0t I 

10812 J5 b 

3336 82 lr 

1052t.00 d 

r034l.l2b 

r87.50 

8580.2t k 

9213.43a 

al t t.23 j 

84 t0 2t I 

9190Itg 

a9l5.2t j 

93?5.t4 f 

8490 16 | 

9201.399 

932t ltf 

r00J0.2trl. 

r09?0.1r! 

a42Z 

Matr! 'n rl'. {ft.olumn I'NiD8 difrcdt tct6 difa 3iArifienrty i (p j o01,

GaEnlt, TDM yi.ld iru!€d with iftEd,g nr€ of ferdrer .ppliodoD 

a Ealt 3inilar b rhat epord by orheF (K!!w.r .t 1992 Heting r, ., 1994. An 

avdage TDM yield ol 9-5 b 1O2 t hli @hF6 fs@hbly wirh dE seag€ TDM 

yield (1G12 t har) r€ported by A[en ard Morgd (1975) h the Urubd rcnsrrm 

md Hcldng d dl (199) in Aurtralia Kufu ,i .t (199) wdking in lndi,, Eporbd 

lilEl'tDM yield of 9 to 10 t lb: in bud.td. 

{.1.3.6 SEED YIELD 

TlbL 4.15 6hsril drat OE mh e{fet of tire of fertiliar applic.rid d 

e€d yieltl w6 nm signifi@t in bolt the w md it rdng€d tom 15@27 ro 

15E9 kg har amE vdi@ ti@s of f€rtitiar applicatid lrr:|@ing ral€ of 

diliar appli@tm riAoifidily at6ed €d yield @. lowd nt6 of ferritia 

applidtid in b.dr dE s.ia Th€ Mimm ab of f€n ia .ppti46d f5 GZr 

90), h*s€./ .igrifidtly decrcie

T.bL a | 5: Eficr ol tin. !d r.(. ol ad.lhq .pP[.!do! otr $d ,t ld 

Tl =Fu[N+PdmeioS 

rrt+r6 rt9e9 M-! 

lJ89.ooNS rJOS?INS l"t3!' 

T2 - 1,2 N + nrl P.t $*i!a + l/2 N ..lr 1J83E3 150127 154355 

T3 = l2N +tulP.r swios + l,2N tt 158633 1506,69 lt465l 

!, r..drbE r... Gi L.r) 

Ft 60 

820 

F3 60 

F 120 

LSDtY. 

1a 

30 

60 

r|en l l..a,lli lltt:il 

f Jms! d 1401.2t. 1451.19 

1613.33 c l5t5,8t o 1614.59 

1a28.00 | l?2E,61. 178.30 

rr80.33b r692.22h 1136.27 

9.42 t4,15 

NS 

1586.t8 1506 22 

Mqns ir tt. ere €otum hivitrs ditr rcor 1.fi6 ditra sislifi@rly .t (P < 0 05) 

.. = SiEifi@iltt (P < 0 0l )

T.b!. .rG Th irt-.d.r bchi- du rld nb .f ftir|l.. .0!nd{.o .fi..d| 

nd yidd Gr i.n) d!rh! 199+9f 

S..d yldd G! h&) 

TIFO 

TIFI 

TIF2 

TIFJ 

TIRT 

TIF5 

T2m 

T2FI 

T2F! 

T2FJ 

TzFI 

T2F' 

T3F() 

TSFI 

T3t2 

T3FJ 

T3F'I 

13F5 

tsD 3* 

t99t96 

t233.00j 

Itn&u 

r501.@E 

lt0l.lI'. 

t|a5.t o. 

r1n.@ I 

t23t.ooj 

L9.@hi 

l$(I(I| I 

t6?0.00 f 

l toob 

t23OoO.l 

l50a,ulu 

'1516.{01 

l6|9.q, t 

l!O.00. 

17?9.00.d 

l6!:t 

M@!lt .4 oho bd!! trrd laa.di&r ig!i!.ab.. (Ps005) 

s

f IttT 

.! 

t 

l{o 

I 

T 

aaal 

tr.a-'*0tt{) 

lt. (!' Ib rJd-af td..rdrUdb.J&tif J.t..L-ir 

6)lt+5-dO) ItC.t|. 

q

,l 

|',- 

T It 

angt-lir-tl 

a.ararttCAb") 

: 

llt. t'6.Ir.r*d--b Ddr-sarld od...l ireJ.dr 

fc 6. Doold d.l|. 

$

t 

I I 

T 

f 

g 

l,t 

T 

{ra 

rlr. a.?. Th.r&iLL|a! t*n r...a rdda lrlbdIr dlt.aL! oa..r.L 

drq (.) 19t546.d O) ret6tt

E- 

! 

tL-il 

t|. a.& th. r&aLFd& t nt dtt d yrdd.!dL.td- dlrdod.a.b ftt 

rL. rod.a da. 

't@

afi€.ting*d yield G.bh416) slEsld OErnll@elg nb of fetb:lid apptronh 

upb Fa (9G60) in ered *d yield? irelpdri@ of tie of tu ia npplilti.a! 

lhe@Jhe' hid* hb of fertilizt appIoiid (r5) siSnifiohw reitu€.l rlE red 

yield. 

In dE p!6rt *dy *eal yield of lrDh hlEed nr Epore to fdtlia, 

appli@aion der qtrcl (F0) or lolq mb6 of applidrid with lEih|E yield (t.z 

b 1.8 t lEi) bnE a&i*.l at 14 (90{0) rate of appli.ado in both the se.su 

rTabb 415 .rd dr6). stmilar yi.ld L+ts krc €porrEd by nrny audbE (kl|!E d 

,, r99; He}nE d ,l 197). c.Mellvnd .r 4t 096), r@king nr CoF,bt6r, 

Epord highq sed yield abat 2.8 to 4.8 t lur in winter oil ed .are, He .bo 

rcH a de@e in s€€d yi.lrt.t rh€ hi8hd ate ot Ieititiza appti@tion6, e talt 

simihr b rhlt folt*l in rhe pffit ddy .d rr$ by Heliig .r el (1.tJ1) wdk'ds 

in Au6rr.[e fte hitner Ed yietl in the trEilEb My be itre tD itEled 

Erw& Gqltlng h nnp@nt in c6poG$ of yield (Iables 4Z 4.9, 4.11). The 

ad€9@le appli@ti@ of fertilia 6F.ialt nitoga dpply qrbL6 th€ aop b 

nEI€ raprd Laf gwili lD inlEred tue sbl t did66 rtd thE b proatue dd 

til lEy pode Thi! ldE rEde6:l by €flicimt pafit@ing of TDM iiro eoslric 

yreld, 6 ir'di6d by ttigts hlrvedt indi€ in f4 tratlrat @pdred ro othq 

Ei.s of hiliA lpplic.dh (rable 414. Bodr Poner ., .l 09,91 dd Her&ts .t c 

0997) hN., thedors sggebd to bred srsh wi.,ttr in thie 3Fi€ tor ridred 

Phnthei8ht.!rd 

b€ttEr pod prcductim/rcbntid.hdlcteiiltica 

101

TheE w6 a lil@ reladqship berd€ firDl biDtod.al yield .!d *ed yield 

nt bo6 dc @ (Fit 4,9. TIE tu Eg6i6 reurEd for 93* of th€ 

vdiatid in *€d yieLl for th€ p@!e

Trbl. 4.l7: Er.( or riD. .d r!r. of ftrrithr {pplicrrtotr on h.rvs. ind.r 

Tl = Full N + P syiog 

T2 = l2 N + tuI pn $wio8 + tD N 

'1 t$ 

T3 = I/2 N + ftlt pa1$wing+ tZ N rr 

a. 

LSD59q 

60 

t20 

30 

30 

90 

1994,96 r99G91 

r5.33 NS 

15.44 

t5.41 

14,89d 

l5.r2c 

t5.30b 

16.12. 

15.32. 

0,23 

r5.8?NS 

15.12 

t5.52 

14.20. 

r5,54d 

l5.68cd 

lt.t8bc 

17.11. 

t5 84b 

0.l4 

t5_at tt.10 

Meus i! rh. $@ cotu@ t.vi,s diEcMr lctles difd sitlidc. ly.1 (p 3 o.o5) 

" = Sitli6cd ar (p < oo l) 

. = sisifs .r (p < o.Or) 

16 

15.60 

tt.r8 

t5.49 

ta.3l 

t5,21 

15.40 

15.19 

t7.u 

1t.58

Trbk 4r3: Th! i!.d&ri.! b.t @ rio. .rd nr. ot acritbd .prti.triotr 

.fiari.t hrF6t itr.td duilg It9g96 .!.t 199G9?. 

TIFO 

TIFI 

TIF2 

TIF3 

TIF4 

TIF5 

T2FO 

l2Fl 

T2F2 

T2F4 

T2F5 

T3FO 

13Fl 

T3F2 

T3F3 

TJF4 

T]F5 

lsD 3% 

ltrS-96 lt9c91 

14. I 

14.21h 

ra.9r th 

r4.ll &r 

1t.97! 

16 99 i 

tt,l, dd 

t4_tlh 

r.r.Ez &r 

l5.12dg 

t6.E2, 

14.65C 

l4,89lgt 

15.21d.f 

t6.25b 

t4.24[ 

lt.84cd 

11.o2 t 

ra.t5 h 

lt.12a 

15.30 fe 

l5.80cd 

0.25 

Mqns b lhe $Dc collm havina ditre@r t!fias ditr6 !ig!i!{!rt .r (p < o.0r)

1zl7t .amt ilirtrlErt ab6 of brttian .ppltdt n G.bb dt4. Owh[ nvaS6 

h.n e* turq vd@ wa ni8.d td ts/al t h 19546 b ltm I h 7%4L 

E pedwly. silth. hdv€d ndi€ of aDot 1+15 t of lntnn 6uArd w@ 

eporbd by Kw.. d (1957). r\4 dd KddF 0s6) Epo.ed dlddy hAhr 

vdu6 (2O22t) d[.wedltdqn!

Trbl. 4. | 9: f,fier ol ii6. rod r.c or rdtilia rpplic.tior or !4d p.ola. 

199996 1996-97 Mqn 

Tl = Fo[ N + P.t sowilS 20,96NS 20.96NS 70.96 

T2 = V2 N + ftll P .t ewirg + l/2 N $ ls1 20.98 2091 20.91 

Tr = l/2 N + 6rU P !t sowing+ l/2 N.l 20,98 20.98 20.98 

a. F.rtiliz.r r{r. (k3 h. ) 

Fl 60 

FJ I2O 

LSDS% 

19.46e 19 46. 19.46 

0 2l lod 21.]0c ,l r0 

30 

\9,41e 19.48. 19.47 

71.42. 2r,42. 21.42 

2t,9r b 21.89b 2r.90 

22.71t 22.28t 22.27 

0.0) 0.02 

NS 

20.91 20.91 

Marns io rh. str @lum b.vitt diE Mt kn6 diftr li$i6qrdy .1 (P < 0 05) 

h = sigiifioit at (P< 0 ol) 

tfti

TrtL +aL Tb blr.dio. t aE lb. rd ..r. .ff-dfE .I?Oo.|. .t .tLt 

x.d pror.i. (tr) drils 19+96 

TIFO 

TIFI 

TIF:T 

TIFI 

TIF4 

TIF5 

t2R) 

T2FI 

T2F2 

tzrJ 

T2?1 

DIE 

IIFO 

T3FI 

T3F2 

r3FJ 

T3F' 

T38t 

tsD 5!a 

tgrs* 

19,47 aI 

2!.30d 

r9.5!. 

2l.a3c 

21.90t 

Uzl. 

l9.al ! 

2t,29d 

tra4 g 

2lA c 

ll,9?D 

22,24. 

l9.tlc 

2r.3t d 

ltlac 

21.'tl c 

?l.lo b 

22,76. 

Gq 

Mas h th. '|o. @hd rsi$ dm.at l.a6. dlftd 4t!i{i.dv .l (P < 0 05) 

$l

Oable 420). Th. nietudm show€d tbt in@ing hb ot feitlia appti..Ah G9 

signi66q, drhdf,€d sed probh cmeflts/ iG?eti@ of tire of fetilia 

appli@tt@ Ttu lme.t prct€in @bnir w@ giva by ene c6rol (m) bEhtmt 

(tabl€ 4.20). fte Bulb @rcborar. rhe fhdings of As€ .nd S@risdct (1995) 

wno arso Eport€d probin dtenb rf 20.8 to 21.4 X in oil eeed raF, rc*inA in 

U,K 

4.1.3.9 oTLCONTENTS 

The &re of fertilia appliodm did not.Ifect ttE on otenrs irhortr rlE 

yds of inve66gatio4 aid they vdied f'd !O.84 to 41.EJ t .hdrg wi@ tim 

of fertiliu r appli@6o h both the sgru (Iabte 4.21). Diffdat ates ot t rtilizr 

appli@tj{r! hd*er, dgnifi.dtly .Itated oil 6rEnb jn both the ydd ot shdy. 

In 1995-96 6sd! 'ui6u oil ord s ar rO95X rerc foutut in }0 {conrroD 

wh€re rc fe.tiliur ws addeit cdpar€d with olher treah!66 whee vdjabte 

hb6of f66tizr w@.ppli.4 rept F2 (O30) abwhich w6 draridi.rv.t Fr in 

oil c6bnt! with the @ntrl The feislts appli@tion ra{es frch Fl to !4 rere, 

ls#, 3befiorly .l Fr in oil

Trbl.4,2rt Efi.ct oldb. r.d rrt. or f.rrilid .pptic iotr on oit conrlnrs 

Tl =FullN+Pd$wins 

T2 = l/2 N + frrll P.r lowile + I/2 N 01 ln 

T3 = 1/2 N +tux P.t$wi,g+ lANr 

a. F.rtiti@ na (!q h. ') 

F2 

N 

\20 

0 

0 

30 

30 

90 

199t96 1996-91 

4r.22 NS 

41.93 

,o.84 

42.95 | 

4t.320 

4l,t8b 

39.12a 

NS 

4t.22NS 

4t.t3 

41.43 

42.95 t 

4 t.86 b 

39,11d 

LO2 

NS 

4t.1t 4t.23 

M.rnr b th. $m. cdum hMtrg diF.rdt l qs difq tgtrifqltly (P 3 0.05) 

109 

4t 22 

4t.t5 

{ t.ll 

42.95 

4t.31 

42,t1 

ito 3l 

I'.J8

apPli@6m Sigiftht dd6e in oil FrmhSe of the (!rcb ed orher oil *€d 

ftF rith imsiig nito8m hr6 eflEG the iNe@ rehfdship b€6d6 oil 

clretltid and *d prctein qrbrt Mdy work€B have Fporbd si!ln,, 

lerb nr on sd mP3 €di$ ct a! tqf; 2he .t d a9%; He*n\g.t a! trr4. 

Ov6aI, average oil dbn6 were 4133l* in t95r6 ed 41.28* h 7 97. 

E p

Trbl. t,22: EII{| or.ib..!d ne of t rtilid .pplicraio! otr oil y'eld 

Tl = Frll N + P.a ssra 

T2= l/, N +ftlPn@i!t+ l2}f.i lr 

T3 = l/2 N+ fulP.t silt + l/2N d 

B. Fdrili4r nr. (kg hri) 

FX 

FJ 

LSD5% 

N 

90 

t20 

l0 

!0 

60 

Oil ri.ld Ot b. ) 

199396 199Gy, 

645.EE NS 

650,66 

650.70 

620.63.1 

621.85 d 

6?t.93 c 

706.97 b 

l?.8? 

NS 

6l9.3lNS 

616,t7 

6t1.9J 

518.25. 

6m.26 d 

586 34d 

624.12 c 

?0t.9t I 

671.94b 

18.47 

NS 

649.08 617.80 

Mons in ti. ee @l@ h.vitrs dir@t bn.B difd iiglif@dy .t (P 3 0.05) 

1 

632.t9 

6!3,4t 

634.3t 

523.86 

604.09 

6t00, 

722.11 

689.46

4.1.4 RELATIONSHIP BE7WEEN SFED YIELD AND YIELD 

CO''PONENTS 

IIE relatidship betws eert yield ard .@porEts of yierd dch 6 plant 

heidl nu!$er of pods pbnt', nub€r of *d! podr, 1mo€€d w€idt.nd 

har6t indq M hidny ard pGidwly rignifitut in borh tl€ )€6 The 

6relati6 @tticimt G) varu6 hded fiom 83 lD 96X 6!Mg *d yield .nd 

lhponab of yield Gall€ 423). AU the rclati@htp b€twm ed yield md 

@mPorEts ot yield r@ also hiShly signi6dnt for th€ p@led d.t !d 

.fi€latim cGffi.idt lalrE wi€d frc6 Z to 961 lTable 4U\ Positiw md 

signifi@t on€latim beh,6 red yi€ld mil epmentd of yteld indicabs rhat 

*d ybld pei unt !M courd be e hed by iErFding the pods pl,nri, s€ds 

podr, dd llla eed weidr High h.re.r ind* G 6lso s ihporl&r 

@ideration for ihproving rcp yield. ntercforc/ Potler et al (19s) have 

3!gg6te.l to l,eil ed .rdtivs whnh luve Eilued pl,nt heiCht drd h,Sl- pod 

Etelib chdcbirtiG 

A hiEhly mgaiive but signifiot relatituhip betwm od per6t 6e .rd 

*d yield refl

T.bl. a3L SloDh crr.haloo c.dfrd-a (d b.atlB ,.C tldd !!.1 orpo@n! of 

ridd. 

sed rldd E rfd titr 

$.d yi.ld 6 r.d. pLaj 

\..drlHB 1000'Ed *rith 

s..d rt Uect||rla ildd 

sc.d t{dd vs torlrhy Mrcr 

S..d yi.ld w On cdids 

S.d tud 6 pr!r& .dan 

... Siliifd.|t(P3O0l) 

19'96 

0.92.. 

0,95.. 

0.93.. 

11! 

r96v7 G) 

o9!.. 

0.9!.. 

our. 

{.v3.. 

0.?1.. 

OEE" 

o?5-

11 ,5 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 

The det il, of cost ol c@la P|bductid Fr h€ct re uxt€r lodl .ordititu 

m Eivd in ApFdix 4r ard 42 TIE turi .Elyr!' CI'bb 424) indiared 

hther mt bqefit in F4 (90-60) lletidt @s all other rabs of fertilier appt@ri6 

imbding .6irol trahlat \,{r:imu Et Ebln ws obbirEd in !4 trahrat 6r, 

It& 123?a.27 in 19t96 .rd Rs 129@.8 in 1959?, sFdvev G.bl€ 4,24). h rodr 

*afu dp hiSh$t b@fftsst hno (1.4r) ws siva by 14 (9060) hte of ferrlr€r 

aPPlicatim dm r1l orher rabr whee d'e ra6o w6 rdged f'oh 1.06 ro 135. 

Ddhon ra ., (1989) rcporH hiShs b6|dt @6r raaio .t ater 60 &g N hlt thd tE 

L'wer h€5 of appli666 in Indian nu6t rd. \,bq6ood (19E dr& repord high€r 

ratb 61 120 kg N h.n tha 6t @ tg N hlr in what urder F.islnhod cqd im 

Ir ihe *p€rit6ls WIEE Mjslm LAI w6 > 3_0, 88! of vdiatim in 

TDM prcducdm dil 9396 in *ed yidd w6 a@sbd for by vdi.6m in rotal 

sed LAD- SullaiF in@ls of fertitia applEtd fl@ rurs (nit to 120 

90 kg h.r) iG@sed TDM ty itllbling the llfuCc& seed yieLt de spotded 

b iftr4ing rntes of ferdlia appuddd but q y upto 14 (90-60) hat!6r in 

both ttu ggG llienumler of pod6 mi ed rEre th. nulib€r o( 6€.ts Fr mir 

d@ w6 the @in detemirDit ol &€d yield. Th€ rugnitude of all yield 

6m!lo@t! w@ Edqed at the higher rerE (FD of fen ia apptiotiqt 

int 

"edw 

of its tidnS of appuofim H.re.t itdd .bo signitiett 6E$ubd 

b iftlt@d sd yiel.l a6 it deft@il wtth highs nrE oI appli@ti@ Th€ high€t

'l rbl.4.t4: tcotroni. an.tyrir ofc!trolr.!.fi.ct.d by aio. rnd 

{pptic ion or rh. 3rowth, r..d yicld rbd oit qu.lity 

tn t t99G97. 

F0 (G0) 

F2(0-30) 

F3(6S30) 

r'0(G0) 

Fr (60-0) 

F2 {G30) 

F3(60.30) 

14450.X7 

t7141,66 

t9367.27 

20979.21 

7102.00 

?58194 

8214.09 

860t.00 

84a.31 

978? 5l 

9889.00 

I lt33.t8 

12318.21 

r2690) 20127. 9846.28 t0880.89 

t20.90 

1t700,84 

r3641.14 

t9966.33 

21958 03 

7102.00 

?98t.92 

7676,12 

4523.64 

90J0 00 

9580,l7 

t15 

?t98 84 

10652.22 

t03J4.24 

\442.74 

1290808 

1t227.41 

r.03 

t.26 

130 

l,t5 

t.4l 

L06 

l.l, 

t.3a 

lt3 

Ll?

oil yield (tr€ proaluctor *ed FeLl cnd on Fr6t 

yidd widi iBEdlg level of nubidor 

4.2 EXPERIMEI{T 2 

ge) 6pad€d 6imilarly ro sd 

Grcwth lnd yi€ld Bpon . ot c.mla (Ara3sre ,ap{s) cv. Sht..to io 

varying pllntng cl€n.ity 

4ZI PLANI ESTABLISHMENi 

&r bolh the 63@ the nuber of dmb Fr 6it ,M w6 .igrifidndr/ 

afidied ty r@ .id phni sprdhg Gabb 4rg. IE hBher nunlei of pLnls \rc 

66blished at the 30 6 lw 6Fein6 dun at the 45.r @ 6 rcw spachg. gldtArly, 

dE a5 d rq sFcing olso sitIrifiddy inced the nMber of pl'nb hr fth 

the wider sF.ing of @ tu IiEl plmt 6tibtis.h''qr w6 24 in 30 .n, 16 in 15 d 

ard 12 in 60 6 !@ sFcin& i€rpelivev Galle 45). 

In(l€@ in plrnt spacing r6dH in signifiqt de

l {bl! 4.25 E|Iat or .ow lPici.g ,td thnr ryrcing otr dnbcr of 0lrtls pcr unit 

LSD tYo 

LSD'% 

199t96 

24.02. 

o.29 

t5.99b 

t20tc 

0.29 

Nubuof prtnu(or) 

r996-t7 

21.93! 

12.01c 

0,31 

t5.99b 

0.31 

11_31 t1.i5 

Mc 3 in th€ sooe colum lwing ditrdrnt l.llcs ditrd slgtificNtlv .l (P 3 0 05) 

'117 

t6.04 

t206 

24.O4 

15,99 

t200

Trbl.4,!6: Thein..r.dto! b.awd rowtprchtsd pt.,l ,p.cbg .fi.crirg 

r.oD6 or pr.nrr Ie uit.u durbs tyrst6 rld tr96-r7 

RIP2 

t\2P7 

R2P3 

R]PI 

R3D2 

L5D'% 

22.10b 

22.21b 

l l.ll c 

8.36 f 

0_50 

22.t0b 

22.24 b 

ll.13. 

IL13e 

&36f 

M.ins ir rhe s.ne cotunu hrv g difedt l.ltoru ditr r lign 6@nlty !t (p < O.OJ) 

fl8 

0_t5

we*ph.tert blirh@t (8 pbnlr mi) w6 eH b R3Rl (606x20d) 

L22 GROW|H 

42.2.1 LEAF AREA INDEX {LAII 

The itift@ in LAI .'ME .li6emt barlEb rl@ 3igni6.mt 

th'orthdt rh. *aM in bodi the y4 oI study (!s 4 thb). T}. .b* ; 6F.ing 

of 30 6 im6e.t LAI @r 4l .rd 60 m bw splcing at o1l hsre6t .l,.ied 

SimiLtly inbmedi,nt w slEina of {5 @ ale signifidndy nEEed LAI $4 

6E wider Iw spding of 60 o duing botIr tl€ g&G (lig 4%b), h 19546 r4I 

r@hed b a Mimu v.lu€ of 3,ry in 30 cn! 3,09 ln 45 d dtd 249 in 60 @ @ 

sFcnE !t 15 lmuary h6'v€+ Equiv.ldt tdi6u vdE of LAI wee 33E, 3.@ 

6nd 2.39, epelivev dwins 19tq M Th€E lter, LAI deqed slDrpt 

6dl 25 Fe!ft.ry hd6l ilBFctive of b€hlmta 

Difieat pl!.t .F.nrg6 .iro lignjtiady .ffi I!41 dFwhout rhe 

ssD (!ig 1.10.b). The cloer pLnt speins oI10 G sisr icmtly enhdEed LAI 

@npared lD 1t or 20d tblud@t the gg8 The 1s o plant spehg 16 al$ 

$Fnq h I.AI lh{ the 20 @ pbnt spacing at all h.t6c. 

The ilab inili@d rhat the ef€ct of rcw.n

: 

I 

a" 

t 

It ag Etrc. of dltrd.rtrov p.dr!, oo L.f .d ildq doob 

dlrLr (.) r99a-96 .nd O) 1196-97. 

1?!

I I 

! 

I I 

! 

t'L I'D 

rir*rh 

fE a.ro llLr.ttud!.i..trt a ldtt. LrJ.!.|| 

dElry (.) lt t{6 .ltl O) l9tCt 

14

nedi@ > 

wider sF.iry) ue 6ini,' ror LAI (fia 49, 410) or TDM Kmda66 Gi& 41r, 

4.12). Ihe reulb d€ h geEr.l agl!@t with db* publidEil for ln lio 

husr!'d I'y Klllu d.l (1994. 

MraiM LAI Eened nt 15 Jdu!ry h,red in borh rh€ s3s Th€Efr.r 

it ddaed in dl lhe tla6noh Etil25 Felroaty h!N6t h 1995-95 tuibm 

LAI s6 3,61 in 10.4 3.09 in 15 6 dr

Tili.4,2?: E T.ct otro$ 3p{(itrg,d pt.nr lp.citrg or t.ir.r., durariotr 

LSD t.d 

LSD5% 

t82.?2 r 

lt5.t5 b 

r38.32b 

108.79c 

8.J4 

lalrq du.tio. (drtt 

167 91 t 

t20.60b 

I69.8t ! 

l2a,0t b 

90t 

t45.11 t28.t9 

Moit ir rhc s@ cotu@ b.vins {tifd@t tards difq siglifc$rly rt (p < o,Or) 

' = Siarifim rt {P

.u. +rt! l:-!!.:10.,h1-g!F.hr..d pr,.r,F.br.ft.ri4 r... 

lo drlrl|o d.rLs |tl96 .d tgat 

RIPI 

RIP:I 

RIP] 

R2PI 

R2PI 

R2PJ 

lrPl 

R3P2 

l:|ql 

LSDJX 

lar.r6 dudo! (d.yt 

l9!t-96 r99641 

2la,5l. 

tn.nb 

l38,t0c 

170.65b 

l33.On c 

rqt 9t d 

t6l.ro ! 

t08.98d 

U.71. 

L.t0 

2lt03. 

t55.79b 

l!1.58 bc 

lB.7Ab 

t6.a5 f 

l3l8a.d 

9.60 t 

615a ! 

n orn 1}. e! c.l@bdrr @.d lac|de 4sinod.V.r (p3 0.c{) 

IA 

lt.6t

I 

g 

I aD 

I I 

t !Ia 

I 

L (.) 

l|o0 

rJd-i-(-) 

I|i, {lL rb t{.Lut& b.dnr,oarr dry Edr trd Ltt r' ft d.[ 

- 'f"rob 

arna o' otsra or Q) rt6tt 

18 

ta 

-

! 

!,,- 

I 

€r- 

ldn*(iry) 

It' {1r. Il. r&d.!n& t3!r.n toil ty n|iar !d L.t d|| rbdtd ot.rdr 

ar o D..ka dra. 

la

E6?edvely. Eqdvalat v.ru€ @rc 163.9, 120.@ {d 1m.Ol days, esleclively h 

1%-97 $*,b L24. 

lLnt spacing .160 signjlic.ndy i@il LAD ilurinS both the ffi 

Glble {24, Tr€ cbs pl'nt sFch6 of 10 d w6 NFrior in LAD @hFrcd b 15 

@ or 30dr pLnt spa.in& Simihtly 15 o pLit sFcing signiliontly itiraed 

l-AD thd m m pbnt spEins h 1991% lvehge LAD valws wse 190.19 in 10 

q 13832 in 15 @ atd 18.79 dlys in 20 d pLnt sFcmg, sF.dvely, h 1996-9 

the LAD vare. wee 169.81 12405 ed 90,67 daF, Gpetively, Ovd ti€ rwo 

e$!, M LAD vdu6 raige.l fim 145.2 d!y! in 195J6 to 128.19 days in 

19%-9, 'spa,rively (Inble 424. Sidilar valB of M r-{D w@ eDoired 

p@iouly (Sartio 4,1,2) mde! similar Mditi(m 

funifimt inbEdw ef

1223 TOTAI- DRY li,tAITER ODM) ACCU|I|ULAT|ON 

Both ffi dd pldr spacrE ratndb Enw€d dnitar hsd in 

.b@%rc!ni TDM dxsdatim in borh the ass An initd sk'w altqdarim 

of 'IDM 6tl 30 N@dber dd eb*qlmoy litE ri6e in the atudatd of 

TDM urdl 25 rebiu.n/ harve* tuEtur TDM rc sli8hdy ddEed in all 

hahcBt (Fig 4,Uib), bw6rd the fitul heer The ge€d h€n t in TDM 

trcuolalton m simihr to dut .eported by odss h B@{o (Allo 6!xt Molaah, 

192 Scolt.t dI l ). The @lb .lb sb6l.irlb dte findic obblEd in dis 

{Pdi5 (ki641.2) dTDM.fudatim 

ln 19546 tlE cloer e 3Fcing of 30 q sitnifiicdtly iEEed TDM rh6 

&e 416d 60 o rd opach8. 9inihrt inrEmediae rcw rpa.ing of 45 d..lso 

6rhd@d TDM (rq wider sp!.ing of @ d in Op two s65s M.:ibu tDM 

prcduc€.lw61720 in 3Oc415Ol in 45 @ dal1350 E bn in 60 m !@ sp.cin& 

Epetiely. At firul hlredt thi! e.lue ws r€dued 60 Uql I 

o and 992 E mr in 60 d row s?ach& EFcdrely. 

in 30 or, 1095 in 45 

h 19969 fi8ur6 fd tuihu TDM .lfullqrd \'@ 1n2 14q3 ed 

Ir41 8 h{ in 3G, 4l dd @ d w spacin& €petv€ly. Eguikror v.lc fd 

TDM at ftEl h@ert w@ 113, 1047 md 997 g nn rcspetntly. 

The der pla1t spo.hg of 10 d ars dgrifthdy iBE€d TDM oq t5 

d or m o pbnt opacing in bo& dl€ 6€asft, A ptanr sFcing of 15 q ws also 

sFior in drt EEtbr producto th6 rhez) 6 pt nrsFcing (Fig.4U). ti1991 

124

€ 

€ 

6 

toid xD.. 15Jr llra 25ra tlrr{ 

fl'raa.- 

It.a,lt Ellid of dfr-a rw rD.dltr d drr rdthi or.er. 

dEing G) r9rt96 rd (b) 1t969?. 

14

{ tl,- 

I 

I 

tL.ata&t.affiFat 

- drtt (d t9F5 Ea O) lgtitt' 

rt ''rt t*IJ't- 

1tt

% laih6 TDM tc 17369 in 10.41527 A i.15 d lrrt 136I m" in 20 cn 

prant sp..ing. At firEl hd€st TDM produclim w6 1170g tn 10 cn! 1088A in 15 

d ard 1023 g ha in m @ r@ rydmE t! 1996-97 €guivarmr fiSu6 fo, 

ffii6u TDM w@ 1728, 1519 .rd 1299 8 n2 Eparvely. Ar tnEr h.we4, rte 

TDM valE lrye 1133,1060 dd 984 g n , 6p

1.2.24 CROP GROWTII RATE ICGRI 

loth ffi 6nd pLnr spGin8 dgnifi@tly .rfeied !16 ssul CGR in 

both tn€ ffi 0.bl€ 429). h 19t95 clog tw spa.hg of 30 @ incEe.t CCR 

by 83aN tne !!' q an l 1&61t by 60 6 tw spa.h& Ii 19642 rl|i, ir@ ws 

1.@X hi8hd th{ 45 m md 5,09% in 60 .4 respectively. Simildrl/.1(g ptant 

s?acin8 of 10 d Gi8nifihdt alDn €d CGR @d 15 or 20 d ptrnt sFcinE in 

both lhe ffi tlE !16n CGR in@ by 10 @ plnnt spa.ing was 4.06X @d 

15 ch ed 9.57* ovs 20 q rcsFctirel, in both the 

nhr spacihg of 15 

'€!e6 

d wa.ls sF id h CCR lhd rh.20 d pt6nt sF.inA by 5.AS-4.48X ir bodl 

rte *.ffi Ov€rdl .vehge CGR vdied fid 8.34 8 hn dr in 19996 to ?,E E^2 

dr h 19%47, resF.tvely (Iabb 4.29). AUen ed Morg6, (1yZ 195) ppdted 

aw6te CGR v6ru6 of &10 s m" dr in B6iG 

Th€ incr&tlon benv6 rcw sd pt nt sFchg afi€.tnt CGR w4 

sisnifiqt duins both rIE y@, of ,6rdy GabL 

4.30). lvi.xinu ccR v.l@ of 

9.59 8 6i dn nr 195.96 dd 839 6 ni atr in 199642 wee gih by Rlpt (3o d x 

10 m) trdtdEt (ombim6@ b€ing significmdy highd lhd aI orhd 

ombiMiio6 The ld6t CcRvola (246257 E h{

T.bh a,t9r Ef..r of tw |D..ba rnd p||.r .!drg d .roE twrn nr. 

LSD 5t6 

tsDr!6 

lrrt 6 t'*n 

9,05. 

Lt,t 

o,t7 

A.n. 

r.37 t 

iuc 

0.t7 

E.O5 | 

?.66 b 

o.t3 

&17. 

1.nh 

7.51c 

0.t3 

8,3a r.t9 

Mc.B i! O. .G cot@ t.rir diftr-t t n'| dft. .!d.cndy n (p < o.ot) 

.r.Shri6c. .r (P< 0.01) 

. " Si!!{i.-l.r (P lo.oJ) 

1ltl 

8,tt 

&16 

at7 

tlt

t'*effiffiS'iltrdPbltro"i't'redEsor 

RIPI 

RIP2 

RIPS 

R2PI 

*tu2 

R2P3 

R'PI 

R3P2 

R!ql 

LSD5t6 

t9t4. 

9.6e. 

9.35b 

a09& 

tr,14 a 

t2t d 

!.05 d. 

7.50f 

?t9 f 

0,29 

t9t64 

&39. 

8.23$ 

7 541 

8.20.b 

&o! tc 

7.4,i! 

1.46tl 

7-571 

o,al 

Mds b 6. ..G coto tn,b! diri.rd l(116' dft' dglitcotv d (? < 0 ot) 

'r.sirnifodn(Pto0l) 

l!a

T.bL rLtl: E{l..a oalw rp..b! .nd ptrla rp.dq o. !a rt|irihaio rrl. 

RN rD..i.r (R) 

L.sD 5t6 

LSD5% 

r9t!llt6 19*91 

8,3tb 

&90. 

o,2|li 

6,2t c 

r.o,t b 

9.76. 

0.16 

9.09b 

t0.?8. 

0.6J 

6.180 

&ta b 

I l.al. 

0,65 

8.01 L95 

M..i! b rtc r.D @hr@ bnilg di&aa br!.r. diftr dt!6.$tv |t (P S OOj) 

.r = !,lrli6crfl .r (p s 0.0t ) 

. . si!!tb* ft (p loor) 

1tb 

c88 

4,12 

9.8,1 

6.40 

&,14 

l0.60

T.bl. (32: Tt Lbr.ri.r t rlrs r.r tl|.bg..d ELlt rprdtt.ttLr!t!... 

|,lnnrdd n.. dEbg t99t96 md t96-9t 

N....d.tl6"nn6irr-drrvt-x 

tlrrt4r, 

ll?l 

5.01. 

RIP2 

RIrl 

F2PI 

N2PZ 

R2PI 

IJPI 

tSt l 

R3P] 

LSDtla 

t.Y E 

111A 

6.El f 

l,t3d 

tu13 b 

rrJ & 

i9a c 

ll.rlh 

o,ll 

7.42 a4 

7.22 t 

n.aEb 

?.50.d 

lo5J b 

14.30r 

r.l2 

Mo3 i! 6. t.D @r@ l|tia diftr.. Ltr-r di6. *rif.dy . (p 3 0.0t) 

It

6 dd 30 m row Bpacing i! both the y@E Simil,rly 45 m row ,F.in8 wd al6o 

*perio! in NAR @er 30 6 rtr sp!.ina, Ii 195-96 .vqaae NAn vdu6 kre 8.90 

in@crl.835in45cmant5.zgnrdr in30orcw jp.cing_Equivararv6lueof 

NAR in 196-97, were 1078, 90.9 md 6.9 g n, di, HF.dveV 

Plant spacln8 of 20 d si$ifiMtty jtrMed s6ml NAR th.n the It 

.rd 10 6 phnt 3Fcing. A pL.t +!chE of t5 6 was also sFio, in av@ge 

NAR orer 10 d plantspacing in bott rhe ea3G ne nvmEe NARv.l@vdied 

frcm 6.23 tD 11.!14 t ha {tr in tlifi€rot pt&t' sp.cingr in rh€ nvo s(,gs Ovdal| 

':''!d $$El NAR 16 8,01 E di dr nr 19tqt drd &95 Et1 { i^ t)9@7 

'fte vil@s of Ndage NAR @ rlithdy hishs rh6 reporred psi@sly (serion 

Th€ inbretim bett@r w dril phnr sFcing .ftcrnt NAR I@ 

.ignilidrt i1 bo6 tE yds of study (Lble 43D. IrE hittest NAR v.tu6 of 11.41 

E n' dr nr 199s% drd 1430 I h2 di in 199@ we€ produ.ed by rcr3 (@ d x 

20 6) ttahrat c6biMti@ tlEn to all odE (dbiEtitc Tie s6t!

T.bl.4.33. EO..t oltow rp.djg.ltt pt rprcitrg @ pbrt !.i8nt 

f,ov rpr.bg (R) 

LSD 5% 

n.4 rD..ins C) 

I,SD'% 

199t95 t9,691 

z29b 

2.!6 | 

o.58 

2.t4b 

2.21. 

l.t4 

2.2aNS 2.20 NS 

2.31 

NS 

2.23 

1,25 

NS 

2_2a L22 

Mq$ in l[. 9@ ooh@ tlvios di&61 Ltt.B diftr !is!i6q V tt (p < 0.05) 

NS = N6 ligidcut 

138 

2.16 

2.t4 

2.23 

2.25 

2.2E

irced pLnt lteiSht ths 4t d 30 ch I@ sFcin& The inrprrEdilt€ sF.ing of 

45 q allo ,iEnifi@dy enhd@d pLnt height der .losr rcw spacing ol 30 tu In 

r95-t lh. rrdd sF.iry of 60 @.&o nmed *niti@rty pl&t tteighr oq 30 

o 6w spr.ing but rct the 45 6 row sp(in8 where the diffetu, in plant 

lpight @e m siEni66ht t\4ony wor*€F .t$ Eported ldds pt6nt height in 

plants 6pa.€d wi.Lely. (StVh and SnEh" 1984j Bnq rr .J 1999. 

The tuin etret of plant 6F.ing o pl,nt h€ight w.r, h@aq, Fn 

signifimt h both rhe yeF of study. Ovehltl av€tage pLnt height vdid frch 

2.24 to 2.23 6 in hoth th€ 6€6qE Th* 6ulb e in Ine with tho* reporH 

pFrudy lSeaim 413). 

4.2,3.2 NUMBER OF PODS PLANTI 

T.ble {.34 plenb the eff4r of rabM6 6 ihe mliber ot FDd! pt&ri in 

both the seE The inErlEdjac rcw spacin8 of 45 d si8nifiqdy jmqed rte 

nuhq of pod! plnntr dd 30 or 60 @ w 6plcing in both gsE S,sibrv 

wider 5pa6g of 60 d als produled hrgher nqber oI pods pldrr th4 rlE clos 

Plrnt rpa.ing of 20 m 6igniti6ndy an tE€d th€ nMber oI pods aer lt 

or 10 @ in boft the e6&N In 1996-9 aliffel€1@ h the nqbq or pod! bethen 

r5 d md 20 o lê, howas, shdst@Uy at pd. ln 199546 the av€mae n6ber 

of poals plantl w6 459 at 10 crl, 490 ar t5 d md t96 po.t ar 20 m pl,r* spechg 

Epetivety, Equivararftu€w@L41166 {d t69 po&pt'nrt Eperiv.ly 

139

T.hl. ,t 3,t: Efier ot row rp..i!g .!.t pLll 4ei!g o! ludDd orlodr ph!t'r 

Ror !p.ci!. GJ 

lsD 5% 

lsD5% 

199+96 1995-y' 

45t.33b 

4$,001 

3.59 

.49 

454,01 b 

46100. 

n.49 

NS 

4V,.41 461.22 

M.u. E l[. ro. cohm hvirg diftft.i londs ditr . ,rsincd|y n (p s O.oj) 

.. = Sis!i!.&t |l (p < o0l) 

l/o 

42r.31 

526.6a 

464.t1 

456,54 

47a.@ 

483.J0

"* t'' IHmffi fir.Hfl## pLlt,Fci.s.rkdlc 

RIPI 

Rrgl 

ttPS 

l2Pt 

R2P2 

R2P3 

R3PI 

llP2 

RSPJ 

lsD5 

T:- : : T :* 

Nurc orpoariEii 

56t,00b 

437.00 g 

454.00 f 

44',00 d 

6.22 

,*"8 dif.r.or r.rid| difGr deiritu{, ir o < o.oj)

Clable 4.34). Ovd6I avente nuhl€' of pods plmtl wN 482 in 1991% md {60 nl 

19e97, 6pedRly, which re simild tr th@ Eporbil in this theis (S€cd6 

4,1.3), Tlre 6ulte ttrobomte $e ftdnus ol Bh{ 4 4, (195) dd Thrtui. .rd 

Cogoi (196) who allo reporbd hi6ha nub€r of pod6 pbnt: in wiild plart 

s?acing rhe the d(g rcw s?diry. 

The inbretid ber,em row , phnt sprmg w3 signifiqt dumig 1996-97 

6q (Lbb a3t Th€ R2r2 (45 d r 15 d) tEhEt codbnEbd sisnifi@dy 

prcdu.ed geler nmbd ot po& plrntl (t0) der ..ll otl€r treibbt 

ombiMri.e The lowet nu$er of podr ptnnft w@ giren by P!3P2 (5o 6 x Z) 

d) at ll1l whi.h w6 sratirdoly at IEt 

nmb.r of ?od. w6 455 P€r planl 

'(2.3,3 

wiih Rll2 (30 @ x 15 6) wherc die 

The nuber ol *d6 podi ws sig{fi.mtly alr€.bd bt, UE rcw spacint in 

both dE aga In 199896 drewi

Trbb a.36: Efet ol o* rp..i!! trd !'lri rp..itrg o! !u!c oftc.dr !.d" 

LSD 5% 

LSD5vo 

Nrnbd of ladr pod t 

199$96 t99G97 

22.03. 

22.71b 

23-10. 

o.3t 

a.8b 

21.14 r 

22.47 b 

0.35 

l8.36lt 

21.60. 

l.9l 

l9.54NS 

20.49 

t9.81 

NS 

22.61 19.93 

M.u b lb. 3@ @b@ l&iog dif!.at t tcrs tli&r {t!in{E .t (P < 0.05) 

' = Sialif.r..t (P < 0.0r) 

1,13 

2t.t9 

22,15 

2t.15 

2n.al 

2t,81 

2t.t4

TaL at! rbiri.r& }mattr q..&t Ddta.d4..tC fi.abt 

nlbc ol x.dr !odr' dabt 1t+96 

rlPl 

RIP2 

llE| 

itPl 

t2P2 

tgl 

tPl 

RSPiI 

t Pll 

t.sDttt 

gg 

2lJ' d 

22,95. 

ll.?9 ql 

Ull to 

B.n. 

2,,7l. 

23.11. 

24,t9. 

2,.91. 

0.61 

Mr!'b6.||m oollnlflhrdi&.d ldd dift.ddn @d(P

oplihM dd'dq/ whicfr fa.ififies IuiDm utiliz.rtim of r.diati@ tu.! nuhinra 

S€nifidt redudm in eeds podj war ther€foe, oteryed wh4 pl,nb werc 

dbieted to h+hd daEity. 96ild rcsulis wep repo.r.d w ai 4 a! as%), 

working d Bl8i6 inE nglad€h. 

'fte etret oI pl,nt sfein8 6 the nMber of *ds podr w6 siFifiut dny 

duftE 19546 gs The inl€rn€djlb pLnt rFcing of 15 @ prcdu.€d higtB 

nuhber of eeds (23.14) thd n 6lats) ot m d Q2a4. ]lp diffdql@ in 

nuhber of *& podr betrdm lG d 20 6 plant sFcjng wer, h@;er, m 

The intEhctim b€tr{@ @ .rd plnnr pacing alfRting rh€ lr6ber of 

eds podn w6 dignitudt duing 195'% (Iable 1.34, The hiEhert numb€r ot 

eds podr C 23)$@ prcduc€d by RrP2 €0 d x 1s @), R2p2 (a5q x r5o), 

R3Pr (6&4 x 10ch), R p2 (60@ x ls d) and pgp3 (6(hr : m 6) t ahlai 

dabiFtidu The low6t nuber of eds (2135) w6 giv6 bf, RlPr OO d x 10 

6) irdtdot ohltiMtid, 

42.t,4 lOOGSEEO I/IEIGHT 

Neither Iw 6?ring rcr plmr spaciry siSnifi@qy atrered loooed 

weidtinbothttEgngE(tablea3i). Irpavdgee€dreithtlm3.utintgc 

97.nil 3.31 g/lm s€eds in 19tq reFctiv€ly. Th6Luria a.d cogoi (1!r%) 6l$ 

rcted tM dgniticant dillere in a@nge s€d weigtt o{ B!si! bet$q 30 

la5

T.bL 43ar Ef..t ofror rp.clng r pLlt .p.cing o! 1tl0c.4d stitlt 

Rd .p.ci!r E) 

loocs.d rdg\ G) 

195-96 t9x-9, 

3-t4 NS 

3.22 

3,16 

3 t2NS 

1,21 

3.20 

NS 

3.t7 

l,16 

3.10 Ns 

3.3r 

3,3lNS 

3,24 

NS 

3.Xt 

3_2t 

3,24 

3.24

43.3.5 BIOLOGICAL {STRAW + SEED ) YIELD 

Table 139 p|enr5 the roi.l dry Mtter (hiological) yielil 6 allebd 6y $e 

reh.dd pLnt spocing in borL rhe ffi In 1995- d@r r* sF.rlt of 30o 

siAniridtly inrea*d 6e 6iologicd yield wer 45- dd @

TiN. 4,!9! Afet of rd lptcb! &d plrll ,reitrg o! biolosicd (rE F+!o.d)ridd 

LSD 5% 

LSD5% 

xiohcirl GE dr..d)riddcs !.1 

199996 199697 

11935-98. 11328.30. ll632,ra 

10950.99b 1s63.82b lo?09,91) 

9922.14 c 99m.26. 99,16.20 

r22.30 

t22.3 

t31_40 

ll?01,99. ll33l.0o. 11516,49 

I0880,28b 10596.91h ld33.r9 

10230.84 o 9E38,49 c 10034,66 

137.40 

t0934.10 t0589,13 

I,t.r$ b th€ g@ @ln !ni!8 iliftrot L.rs di&f igiiEmlly rl (P < 0.05) 

'* = Sb!fio.'tt n (P < 0.01) 

ua

.Dh 440: Tn. htdrcdo! b.t*er ior {rclng ,!d llr rprcilg .O.ctbg 

bloloSicd yi.l.l dui!€ r99t96 .!d 199497 

RIPT 

RIP2 

llP3 

R2PI 

N2P2 

t2P3 

R3PI 

t3P2 

R]P] 

l,sD5% 

Eiol%L.l $dd 

(l€ hr") 

199t96 199G9 

t3t03.95a 

12631.00. 

12t05,59 t 

10198.15 de 

ll63l-12. 

l0tE5,6?il 

10421,19 ef 

lo!71.75f 

9n3.518 

9661.19g 

211.90 

Mcs i! ttc !@ @tr@ labg diftE laan difr.r dgiilc|ltb .. (P 3 0.05) 

ta9 

Ia36.92b 

10939.r3o 

lotT&58d 

9888.7. 

10425.87 d 

9773.23. 

2t2.20

!r%, (llMr ., .! 1997), Uilik€ yipkl @hpoEt6, lhe TDM yi€Ll 

nigher at.loer trcahqt @hieti6 of RIPI (30.h r 10 d) Clable 440) beo@ 

$ch a opdmtm d@ity utilizr Mimm Itsrc (!.dndd! NrrihrE, 

mistuF et .) md thE highe' dry drier prcdu.dh (c{ptq, 1988). TlE avehge 

TDM yield of 1G11 t hrr ehiwe.l i. this shrly C6IEE tavoebly wrrh rlE 

av€rag€ biolo8icr yiel.l of 1G12 t [.' Eported hy otheF (AUen ard Morgdr 195j 

HckinS er., 1997). Tt@ Eult! abo {b6t nqab the IDM yield (qi10.2 t haj) 

acnid€d s.ler similar €dnphic dil .Iituft qdidDro (SeEm 413). 

4.2.3.6 SEEDYIELD 

The etrect of 'w spaciry d.t ph$ spa.ing 6 6nal Rd yield is dIoM in 

Tabl€ 4.41 during btn the *as In borh mns th€ cld*r r* sFcmdot 30 o 

signitiddy dryFld€d the the 45 d or wider w spacing oI 60 d Sjmit rty 

i.temeiliate row spacing of 45 .m signifi@tly increaed $d yield dd 60 m 

ie spaciig by 9.914.88n. ]lE avda8e *d yidd in 19995 was 1,91 in 30.!! l,ra 

45 cm eld 1,62 t hdr in 60 d row Epacin& esp€tively. In 19497 equivatent 

'n 

!rlu6 !{@ 1.76, 1.7l dd 1.63 tIEj, Epetvely. 

Find *d yield w6.le siEniti6ntly .If

TrDL Lalt Er.d oftot T..try ud dtlt tpt'i4 d &'d tidd 

LSD 5% 

I'bt rpr.i.t G) 

LSD'% 

1945-95 

s..d ridd Ct !") 

'99..rl 

19{6.6;. 176213. 18313? 

rt80.4!D l7ll.o2b 1L515 

16I9.62c 163147 a r627U 

13.84 

t3.84 

45.88 

l?72.08b l?0920! 1710.61 

18?1.71. na22'. 1826 9' 

1162.93 c 1616.21c l6it9 5l 

rt68.90 

45,88 

t7vl.51 

MNs i! th. x@ ooh@ bvils difrordt hns dift( {Elidctdv 't (P

f.hL a,al! TL tntaftfro! b.tr@ row ,Fci.g ed DLra lprcilg .tradry t.qf 

tidd duilg 19'!16 &d r9rct 

RIPI 

RIP2 

RIP3 

R2PI 

\2P2 

t2P3 

RSPI 

R3P2 

R3P3 

tsD5% 

s*d ytdd cg [r ') 

l94+% tvr69 

t152.41h 

2031.52 r 

1142.4t d 

l69C20G 

1711.62. 

tt92,40f 

1510.26t 

23.94 

t875.(Xt 

t162.4rn 

r7ro.25b 

l62J.4l c 

t62l.ll c 

1709.r6 6 

1602,11 c 

lt92-l0c 

Md8 i! Oc 3.e @I@ r|litrg dilt ar L#.isdifti {siifiolt|y.r (p S 0.05) 

152

i'l 

T 

t00o t0I0 ti6o tiad 

T..rar*tt{) 

rt {l3lbrdfiabrd-r.drru-d.dr&r..cdo& 

turL.F-drt ar 

$E

i; 

{&, +16. rb rd.{.u[b ber-..d y'dt.d r.te.. dsr.tn or..rotr 

lrt F.Lddr.. 

t!a

w6 nobd. TE yield !@ hi8tur in 15 d plrnt rpacina foloweil hy the 10 o 

rF.in& Ovedll.ve68e *d yEld w6 1Z/ | n l99i9o md Lm t h! I n lcc6.z 

resp46vely (Iabie 4,41), 

Tlp inbra.tid betwM tw dd plant s?.cila atuin8 *.d yield w6 

signitidt in 6olh the e.s Clable 

4.112). Ill€ inlernctim slDw€d tlEt twimM 

cd yield of 2.0 t in 199516 ard 1.88 t har in 1996-9/ w6 obtained in RlP2 (30 m 

:15 m) tatnat c66istid Tte low6t sd yi€ld of about 1.6 t h.r r@ dva 

by rur2 (60 o x 1s n) dd i3Pi (60.h r 20 d) treatnMt @hbnu6(fu. 

Final sed ypld was liMly Elad with rhe fiMl TDM yiekl (FiE. 415) .nil 

omd rcE6i@ !ao!t$ed for 7A i of dE ldntid in *ed yield fd the p@led 

ilata. 

Therc w6 a pG ive but a p@r rclatiNltip bettrm sd ield atd LAD 

(!ig. {.15). The rcgle$ion a.cori€al 601 65% of the vdi.tid in yield for the p@led 

il6rr Ttj! resdrs N in lire with tuy {dle6 who foEd snbsdn8 6ndinF 

t€iwM LAD,rit TDM or *ed yield in gtuhdr rut ris sl'rdis m di6.€|t tield 

@p6, 6pcially legun6 (Husjn ?r al 1988; Husein .r a/ 19t). 

GqeElt br.rsi.a spp. g)h * ffi@ tw rp.cinSs 8fle hishd ed 

yielde tha whs &M in mly wid€ly spacd !@i !,I,ny sludi6 in ClMda 

(Kondra 195), Den@k (NolilestSu4 1979) tud Ne z€drhd (sibe 196) h.ve 

damlttr.r.d higlter yields of raped wit[ m w sparEi 

The ind@* in *e

compmtvely better planrgrnth (IiE.4.q 4 ),re l&lginihp@vemtinyi€ld 

(1nr|{'6ts Th€ 6il€quarE spacbE Hlbd in ar optihu demig Ed ujtom 

rlistibltid which prob.bly udlizd tlpi€furc. hore eftici4tly dd ths @re 

TDM w.s padiuond to *ed yi.ld s 16e hnrv6r in l€x w6 rDt.tt6-d by tl|e 

katlents Oabl€ 4!l3). TliG flblbnri.t! tte qts im of DortsLl sd Hamblin 

(1976) who dph6isl tha. lindl dnomic yieLt witl ircr€e ivith iE@* in 

biologiel Fld pnided the h!rell irds is tut dunsed. Tobl *d yrrld wE, 

tnecfore, d.bmiftd by TDM piodugbm I1 s w6 .onfitud 6y a tiMr 

rclnhdlhip betw6 sd yield dd TDM (IiA 415). 

TIe areEge €d yield of the prcddr sldy at 1.77 r (19196) ard 1.70 t hai 

(199694 w6 at pd wilh the avemSe eed yield rcpored pr4iously in th& rhesi, 

(S€cd6 4.13)- Alt .t .l (19'%), sdkhg h &ighd6b rcport€d sliddy hrglEr eed 

yield of > 2 t hlr mder dif{6t pl&t popdntids, Thaluia .nd cogoi G9%), 

repord lower *€d yieLl of abqrt < 1.0 t har in Ii{tid How*er, Bhm ei "/ (1995) 

rcporbd 1,1 t in 10 @ ard 1,2 t hai in r5 d planr 6F.in& Epeiiv€ly. Ihey lto 

tuled a d{@ in *d yield at widq dmr spa.in& a Erlt siEibr 60 rhat foud 

4.2.3,7 HARVEST |NDO( 

N@ of the ttsfrnars 6ignili6dy afied hd6t ind* jn borh dp 

ri:,mG On av€rage, it vdied Il@ 16.1Sfr in 199t% b \635' in 7*gL 

repedvery Craue 4.43), Simil,r h.ftst indi€ wee eporred pRiout (Sec6on 

156

T.bL {,€. Dtea ot w .pr.tur ud pl|lt .p.cirg otr bNsr inda 

rDw ?.ci!g (R) 

r,sD5% 

LSD'% 

199996 rgc, 

16.00NS l6.39NS 

t6.25 

16.30 

l6_3oNS 

15.99 

16,26 

NS 

t6.39 

15,39 

l6.30NS 

t6,39 

t6.16 

NS 

16.18 t6.t5 

r57 

16,19 

t6.32 

t6.31 

16.30 

t6.19 

t6.31

4.1.3). Ali rr .l (196), h@*d, eporbd sisnitumt differdc in h@6r ind€r 

b€twM tr@ nd hrder populatioB ftey ale repord very hi8h vdu6 of 

l@6t inild at 3G32X, 

4.2.3,8 

PROTEIN PERCENTAGE 

NeidE @ rcr pirit.pncing.Iffi the ircbin F'tntage durnrg bor! 

the y@r of shdy, mil aEnge probin ;lE s w€E at 2o-Bt in botn ri€ sgN 

(Table 4.44). Sihilar probin @nbob in 3ed tnde tud by A! er 4/ (r!196). Th* 

6dts also flbst ntiatE th€ lhding5 6 prcdr @6rts epord nr Secdon 41.3.8 

1.2.3.9 oTLCONTENTS 

Table 4.45 pE*nts tIE €lfet of 66henls @ oil M€nts duing both Op 

ssns Th€ wider rn sFcing of 60 a; signiliqtly irc@ed oil p€rmrage 

@mpdftd with {c 4l and 30 m w 6pacing in both the *65@. Silib,ty rry 

sF.ing of 45 d allo afimed oil peiol;r.g€ @er 30 6 l@ sFcinE in toth dE 

s$G In 194+96 awat. oil6tmb ei@ 39.96% in30.4 !(L89* in 45 dmd 

41.31% in 50 m ru 6lDcin& @pecdvev, ln 199@7 tle dcraEe oil Mbnr Ee 

39.9i, 40.901 ond 4132X, EFctivety. 

Pl,ni spa

T.U.aa+ l&.td|r 4.da d tdt dt - Fd tcGr. 

t}w tx)tt 

rd|'|.rre) 

30d 20.tNE 20.arN8 &O 

45 oo 20.EJ 2085 2o8t 

60a 2O.15 a).l' 20.4t 

r5D tx 

rL rD|.Lt(D 

lo(d 20.75N8 20.?tN8 U.15 

lJ.o 20.!5 N.U 2O8a 

20 .o ALn &95 10.96 

l5D1tX 

N8 

N8 

!).16 all5 

l!o 

t.-

T.bL ,La5! E *t or mv rp.drt r.l plrlt rp.citra on o[ .o!t llt 

tsD 5% 

LSDJ% 

191395 t996.97 

39.96 c 

40,89b 

{1.31| 

O.2,1 

39.69c 

ao.?E b 

0,u 

NS 

40.90 b 

4t,32, 

0.u 

39.12. 

0.24 

NS 

4.72 10.1t 

Mea. i! th. 3@ @ludn hni!8 dift{d k,ls di&r liglinMtt .l (P < 0.05) 

160 

39.96 

40,89 

4t.31 

19,10 

40.14 

{l_?t

!r sisniti@try ikr€r*d oil qra.b by Z?4* in 199545 and 2.69* i^1qGE? oA 

:10.m plMl spacinS. Overau m€d oil

T.bL 4.46 | Eddt ol ro* tp.cilg &d d.!t ,picbg o! ofl yi.ld 

tsD 5% 

n.!l rp.ci!! (4 

LSD5% 

Ol ldd (tr hr') 

t995-96 tgcvl 

761.45. 703.13. 

727.65b 68q6t b 

668.80 c 675,21 c 

6.U 

721.19 b 6X.62 . 

712.29. ' 69.10r 

693.92. 672.90b 

6.U 

7. 

7.t6 

119.23 649,51 

Mcd b ll. 3u. cotu! tryirg d&a. lottEs djlta 4t!i66dy .. (P s 0.05) 

" - SirDito..r (P < 0.01) 

t62 

732,59 

70&t3 

612,01 

7t9.45 

7to.a 

683,41

T.bL 4,47: T[. iolncts! blaw4o rce ryr.i4 ud Pltlt rD.cing .re.itrg on Jidd dEi!8 

1999t6 .!d 199697 

RIPI 

RIPI 

RIP3 

R2PT 

P2P2 

t2P3 

l3Pt 

IUP2 

t3P3 

lsDt% 

Oil r&ld (la! tr 1 

199996 1996.97 

792.30 t 

?89.t4. 

702,57 n 

t5l,lEt 

712.99.1 

?18.19c 

6E3.38. 

661,96f 

661.05f 

11,85 

665,3r f 

7o2.3rb 

682.43 de 

5E1.98 tcd 

666,36f 

13.E0 

Mas h l!. ic 6t@ lnis di&!t L|!d di&. irdi.tdv .r (P 3 0 05) 

103

lnten tive efiets ol rcw ard pLnt sFcing on on yictd w4 signitudt nr 

both the s€aq6 (rabl€ 4.44. In 19r% RlPr God x 1ob) eil R1p2 (30cm x 

1ftm) tratlEt cmbiotic save signifi@dy hther on yietd (792-r9O kE har) 

thd dl othe! ornlirbtids The LM6t on yield (661 Lg hei) w6 p,odued hy 

wid€r row ai.t prant sp4ila mbijDdoE (R3!z R3!3). rn 799Gc7 tp R7r2 (s 

m x 15 d) ohbi@tion Eave signiriddy hithq oil yierd @er ar other 

@hb'rEti@/ dr

T.bb 4a3: SiLph @r&.!o! o.{6dd (r) b.t'd r.d ridd ud .oDpolal. ol 

yidd. 

So.d ,i.ld s. pblt nddt 

Sl6d tidd q Dod! DLd' 

S6dyiddv( looc-drdghl 

Sed yidd s t!v.c indq 

Scd yi.ld vc lonl &y und 

S..dricldE Oil@.@15 

S!.il yidtl * protd! @ton 

.. = SisliE ot .r (P < 0.01) 

199196 c) 

-0.0t Ns 

'0,0t Ns 

0.0tN8 

-0.83r. 

0.81r. 

{.67 NS 

{.26 NS 

165 

t rct (r) 

-0,68NS -0,48NS 

-0.40Ns -0.02 Na 

-0,05Ns 0,3lNs 

0.66NS -0.28NS 

016Ns -0.71. 

0,12.1 0.14.. 

-0.67NS -0.E0r. 

-0.42 NS -0.29NS

(Se.tid! 41.+ This il!:wi6eEy dMg @rFrE s or 3€.d yi,ld i5 omdr in 

':6y leE@ in ilitrer4r*.6@ ltt6!,wet4t79,6"1s4

CHAPfER V 

SUIIIiARY 

Two eb oI 6eLl exp€rimts w cxlu.bd duing 199t96 eil 196-9l .t 

the Agwmic Re@.l Ar@, UniveEity oI ASd.ultE? Faielabail tD debmift 

Lhe Fowth tud prodrtim etfi.iocy of cmola uder d'lfeMl bdDqregetrmt 

Preti(E 

(i-e. tihe md mte oI f€diliar applicatio& lw ad plant sp&ind. 

EXPERIMENT I 

Efiecl ot lmr and rate ol t6rdllz6r .pplldlon on lhs growth, s66d yt.td 

ed oil qu.llty of canol. (&*r/|r r.pus) c1. Shlr.l.€ 

Two rield er.fEriMts w h nine tr@6rats aftl folr repliGti(m rerc 

onducd durin8 199196 dd 199t97 *€s6s. The experimnts were lrjd out in. 

split plot ilesiarl with tim€ of f€rtilizr appli.atim s @h 6d f€.tiliar nbr 6 

sub ploh Tte beahn6ts @mpr'sed ol inE tim of oppli@tid (ldl N + P ar 

$win& 1, N + tull P at $wing md 14 N at 6st iEigatior! ,4 N + tuI P at swinE 

md14 N at nowering) dd six fe*iliz€! raie6 viz 04 @0, tr30,6e30, 90-60.trd 

12G90 kg N-P h.n. Plot siz wd 27 h r 5,0 m widt a row sFcing of r{5 d apart 

Mdlmob of crcp grck.d! e€il yield, oil @brtts rnd oil yield rerc Mde ro 

$tabri.h the ouss mderlying the variari(m m *d 6il oil yietd as*iared w Ir 

hetmhts Results obtained i. thi5 study de sllrmrisd 6 sder: 

167

. I@seEmsiCnifidtilifieffi inLAI, TDir4 ed ed oilvield berwq 

vdioca timings of fertilizr appUotid during borh the *a3,0) werc ehiwed 

Lry tl@ batnar.6td alt othd nb6 of ferdlier apptiatim di.t tut.rhi4€ 

d LAI of 3.0 duriig th. glwrn peri.'d. 

rrr6in8 rate of fe.rilrer applicadd Ml@dv onarE€d both TDM md eed 

yielil w€! otrol or l@er rab oI fertilia applidtor! ilHpeiive of tim of 

ln both $Mr l'wims TDM yield (>10.0 r har) at 14 (9060) hie of 

'Ihe €d yield M strm8ly deFddrt dd rclad L, TDM prcducdd Hi8her 

DM producrnro in highei dtB oI ferdlia appkati.d6 (F4 or FS) w@ due to 

8@ter LAD or higha mp grcwth Rbs in rh* rermn6, 

A$lyzing crcp gro*{h ard yiekl h t tu of LAD (nrb8ral of LAt, a ltmt 

positiv€ .rd liItd rcLtidCtp wa fo{td dd LAD *plaired 9t vrri.tim in 

TDM dd Br in s€d yiel4 Flatv€ly, 

'Irp hi6hd *d yield in F4 (90-60) teatnsrb luy tie du€ to oprsM gro&,th 

Eulbrla in imprde@nt in c@polHb of yielil. The nuhber of pod. pl,*r, 

*d p.d' od avqage sd weidt were signXi@dy 8Eter in 14 rllm aI 

i0a

The high€r oit yield wftn in.@sing rate of {ertilizer applidtbn w6

in TDM yield (11.7-113 t) @er 1s o d 20cm planr 3pacinE in both the e€ffi 

\.taxih@ TDM yield of t1.i r h6i w6 a.hieved 6om Rlpl (30 ch ! 10 q) 

h66rdt @mbiuii6 md the lower tDM le produed by Rtpj (60 d x 20 

q) latlEr(mbiMtim '. 

HiShs TDM prcductim in .l(s rcw d ptant dpsctng w6 due 60 t@ra IAD 

dd th6hi8lEr @p E@ft nb iriit|e* t -ro,or oE *a- spu.ings 

Intoth *as! the cler r@ sp.cing of 30 @ si8ndiddy @r yi.ld€d t 4 

wder t4t or m d) rw sFons. Mlxihum sed yi.Lr of 2.20 r {t99i%) ad 

1.88 t (196!? w6 obbimd in RlP2 (30 @ : 15 o) rreahldr @mbiEtid 

Fin l ed yielal w4lil@ly Flared witn diEltDMyrelit. 

. Crop gNth riElysi6 showed thlt both TDM dd *il yi€Lt we€ liMly 

Elated with LAD hbElat of LAI in both tlp ssN A (r]''r''u rcgEdon for 

pooled .lata shokd rhar LAD *plai*d 9ZX wiatid in TDM dnd 661 in *€.t 

. Th€ i@ in *ed yietd un tet trarcw w sp!.inE dd low or h€diu pt{r 

3pacinE ove. wider spacin8s w.e llue tD .dpdawely bettEr plani Ewth 

b@e of sifo6 dietributiN whid urili@il nE ,@res @rc €di.t6dy. 

IrN. d@ TDM w6 F ttidEd r,.a

In cmdu6iore, the resulb sgge6t dur hiEher e€d (or oil) yield ed g@€r 

tuic bqEfit will be obbineal ur.ld laisl,baal .ordirDG wha the qola 

rcp G pLnd in 30 q lw drd 10" or 1t d plan! 3F.in& The *n yield wirlhe 

hiEhei 6nd stable whs the .rcp ir f{6liad @ 9G60 k8 Np har, r6F€dv€ly 

1- 

2- 

3- 

SUGGES'IIOTIS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 

Morc ddyti.al srudiea m required b inve6tigab rh. etre.t ot difGmt 

a8@6ic treahst8 ($wnu da6e iriEatd! nitrogm nutndd|, pbnt 

popuratid) @ le,I aE Eilwtlr lighr iniecpdM ard yield of di6e6t 

@ola vdieti6 $der wioul ealaphic drl .litutic cmilitim of P.!&r.n 

Mo€ strdn* are re€dd to d€'lErmine the Elative inpacr of .liffeEr 

a€rojurt tt&hEb 6 dl@tion of sioibtes dth th. si.ge of 

d@dop!6t of aop 6penly th€ Eroe.dr.ttd dadopmar ol Fats 

kileil tu6ur€l'@rs @ requir€d o the grcwtlr dwelopllmt.nd yield 

of ('mla in alifiermt ovinirrlMtnl cqditi@ b fit @p gro*th hod* rD 

elihia€vdirumg.lFtdefeb 

171

LITERATURE CITED 

Abd El-Cnw.d, A.A, A Tabb.lll' A,lvlA., Abcshebia dd A.l4 ELB,Z 1990- 

Eff€lof nitiogd phosphms dril Poraiu fertiliatio d 

the yield .mpoMb of rape plai! Amals of Agrnatwe 

Sci@, . 35 (1):27+29. 

AIEL G5, 85 Kl,h {d ! C.to. 1989. Sbdi6 d prbductivit .rd nutrtnt 

qualitt of for€e bF. Jolrnal of Kot6 So.i'ty of Gr.sldd 

Scie@, 9 (2):10&112 

Ainsl€y, A,M, 1t5, The Grtiliar Equimts of oil-sed 6pe Iiffi Agd, 

T*lnh.l InfotdfM Sprin& 17-19 Bn tanlaton Res. Statior 

(u.() (rield crcp Ab*., 29 0):490;1976). 

AL r'4H., SI4H. Zam .nd S,M.A" Hosir 1996. Vdiltid in yield, oil dtl 

prctein qhnt of hF€d (8r6id d.r4*d'is) in rcLton rr 

levels ol nihogeo .ulfur ed plant dariv. hd, I. Agrm, 41 

12):2lo-295. 

Ali, N. dd S,H, Shah. 1983. Efidt of nitrogd drd phosphor$ d yietd md od 

luhdt of poorbi hya (i,@id jMt. P.&. l.AA|'lcR6, 4 

0):52 55. 

Allq', E J, drd D.G Mdg6 195. A qumtilatte @hpans of tfte gbwtlv 

ddelop@t dtd yield of diffe6t v.rledes ol oile€d raF, J. 

AEIic" s.i C6b. 85 (13)115*174 

Allq! E.J., dd Dc. Morgo 192 A qMtihtiv€ m6!@ o{ tne eftr of n rog6 

q {E gEwdr, .la€iopl'6t .nd yield of oilst raF. I. 

Agtic., sct 78 (2)311324} 

172

AtFnymc 1986. Oiledr @r.h .d d*ljrpmar in parisf.& h p,*.ding" 

/*oa t n. 

of tlE Nrtidil Semjtu 6 oitsat R&,.n dil devetopr6t 

in rllsi4 7.9 M., 1986. pp3 

A,r.ry* 195, Prod!.tia dmtog of @la, infotm&h ty bllle&r 

publish€d b'' Agi.ultuE DaElopnHt B.nk of p6t idur 

A|mFls 1997. ASriculur.l Shri,tigpf P.lisbn (E6n@ic whg) MD.IFAL. 

l3taebld 

ArM)@6 198. Eobhic sufley of P.ki6i.n lou" FiIrare Divisioo E@r@ic 

Advirot/6 Win& Id.eba4 Pak bn. 

otricia.l rethoal6 of .rulysi.. As4i!66 of ofiiciar dalyrol 

Chelnlq 15th Ed. ArlinEto! Virginia t SA. 

Archer, t.R, ed L,V. Vaidyethd 1982 lerdliz€r fd winrer oit€d ra!e, J. S.i oI 

F@d .!d AE i. 8 \tzrt 2-1263 (Field crcp Ah6rs, 36 

(6):4958;1989). 

Atth,owd, DN' V.B- Shelt dd Bs' likrhing. 1996 Efi€.r of nitrEd.d 

phGphotu @ yidf dtd:bulE r e.d drd oil yidd of Irdnn 

nult rd (rre'd ,ir..@) Lldian itumr of Ag|l'rDy tl 

e):2862a9 

A&re E. dd D,H, S6ri6brick 1995. Ps€ of nitrogd .id $rphu 

yiel4 yEld @p.na s ed Ed qualit of 

(Beia r?6) rbld tEF Retuh 44:41-46. 

A6tndr4 A-N. 1t3, Co(pd.ttu€ FrlorEfte of Br@ica speies 6d .ulrivds at 

two !*eb of plhtinE u$ter snrigaied .dditiotu. Itr

ldilE! R&, S Pdriley dd J.K Patel 1992 Erffe.t of irigatid dd nftroga 

fettili4b m EEin yield of hutard. Advm6 in Pl6t 

Scielle 5 0):129133. 

Bdesl! T,, Z YillE, Y Adugrie, T. Celrto and A, Erebabe 1992 Soil f€rdlity 

Resch d l4oi& Lins€€d, co@%. 6d Rapeeil Oil 

e.d6 Ra od Developt6t in ffnopia. IrEdiub of Agic 

Re5., Ad.Usbaba. IAR PP. 6481. 

B.!.eet" W., J, Wilbowslu md I, O'4h@6lu pahtyn 1tl8, The d€.t of 

f€n ia 6.rhe yield of wintE rnF Z.s Nar Ala Rot Szc, 

Rolnie. 72E32 (field Crcp Abts, 35 (6):51521982). 

&|s& N.c., N.M.A (!rih drd N{.W 2.!6 1990. p€do|E|re of s@ rapeeed 

lirer qdd two fertiliar laelq Ban8la.tesh J, of Agri Ra 15 

BhtrL S, 5,K Utrrn md U.D, Aw6sdti 195- Eff{t of plnnr sFcinS ed dieli@ 

of wing @ glwri dd yield ot rair{eil bdim husta.d 

(Breis jt @r. bA.1 Agtu,40 (4):6!648. 

lidwel, RGS. 199, Plant physiolo&., 2ft1 ed. Med&n publishing Co., Ift,, 

New York, ItY:?%. 

oillsborow P.E , !.J. EvN md F.I. Zh@. 1993. The intum oI 3Fins nino86 on 

yiel4 yield mpmb &d Clucinloate otEnr of luruN 

$m oiled mF (tr6,nda ,apc9. ,. of Asnc sci 120 (2}212- 

224 

dd J.N. Giulgts- 19& Phtsiologic.l AulysC ot creat yreld. L 

Prcdq.tid of dry Mttei A8dclnuhl Prcgr$, 53.3450. 

Bishnot K.C dd K Singh. r99. Etrer of ewing &res rierie. drd nitroga 

l€veb on yield 6nd yi€lit aihibu6e6 of dya. Ind_ I A8m 2{ 

Q):14.72e. 

Ihuorl, DG' dil J.E Sasyei 191, Nitroge& Porassiur! Sqltu {d Bors 

re.iiliato of carcte l. o{ rtod. AEric. 4 (4):55G555. 

(:|lDioE, N,J., dd U,l4 Dahor, 1982 Eifect of iniEad@ inlewajs md vdous 

levels o{ nilogd dd phosplo@ m the yield ot husr.rd 

varieq Valle Ind. l. AE m z (4):472474 

Chaddh.d" B.T- ard P5! I'/.ulq 1991, Perfot'rrrc of murnotd hrietid o effi 

by vdi@6 rlacinE8 $det Nagpr c@diti@ J@rd of Soib 

td crcpq 1 (1):478. (Fild Csp Abd, ltt 02)'87q;1992). 

Clulh.a A,K, M, Singh, K,s, Dadhwd ard M, Singh. 1992, Efiet ot N ro6a level 

.rd |w 3pEjn8mthe Fdo|!fu of aF (B,ed,{pt6 L) 

kdian ,@rEl of AgIlDny. 37 (4):851-853. 

CrDuha'! D,R, s. P.r.da dd D.P sligh 19t B6€.t of biofen izerr 6/PlM .nd 

nirrca{ d 8@rrr dd yreld ot laya (Bnsd.a j,,@). ltra. I 

46@,&lq:@9442 

'175

Chauhrrr GS, L Snlgl aid D Singh, 1991. Niblgs f€rdliatid hd iniE!66 

$n€duling h (csrrrd under lawai (l)lrllEd .E of 

Raji'du. Madro Asdc. l. 81 (12):65{.656. 

clrisrars! I.v' dd l. c' DFbbh. 1964 Etrct of 6w sFdtg md peding 6b m 

raF ed yield in Noittw6r Alberrd Cda

Deho*ri s' 191. EtrBt of rate dd Em of njtroAa appka66 m qi@ &il 

tp.. b*y9 Nad@e wy4i Srloly rctnie w€ 

wrc.H.wi'r Rollict@ 28 (94:9uO. 

l)hiltnr, N,S, md A,c, Vi& 1985, R€spee of &yd to applied nft,oEq widrout 

plcphou fadlizarim t R6 hua AAric. Univ. Lu.thitu 

22 (3):58995. (fiet.t Crcp Absts'9 (r.@{{,198f). 

l)l|nds., Kt 5K Gupt4 \4S clEudnry .rd B,p. SinElL 1t3, Etrdr of ilat of 

siry spa.ints .nd ferdlfty l€veb o yietd sd .hdi.d 

onpci66 of roria (8n5sd d'rprrie). Irdian l@nEr of 

Asri4lt!re Redcrr., 7 (3/4):1sq58. (tield Cop Ab6rs, 28 

(11tt764rlEr5). 

Dhirds4 KS,, SK Gupr,, MS, quudnry,.nd Bp, Siryb lgg.Ihe inn@ ot 

f€rtiliar applicadm 6 oit 6r€0r of npe CohpariM 

bdqEr @rhods for it3 derpnimd@ sihidre 55 (1/2):z 

(IaH Crcp Absb./ 39 (9):6945;1986) 

llnol4 C.M aid l. llanbliD 1t5. IE biotogrc.t ybtd {td h,,vBt ida of 

@rea]l 6 aAltehn 6i

lurua 14 and gM.d H@h 1976. Eff€ct of ptrndn8 ftfhod anil *ed nb 6 the 

F.Joll't|J|.@ ot two vdi.ti6 of ^!&rd (B,sid @,q.r!rit L. 

vd. s.JM ard 8r@idi,,e L. vtr. saren dd !,eia 

j@ L. V{. R.i)_ &n8tadel, l@rDr of *iorifn .rxr 

hdl6irid Resrctl, 11 G/a}15c161. (Field Cbp Ab6t!", 32 

(8):X74;1E19)_ 

Io6ter, tt 1ta. hllum of N md K terriliffi d dp qu.lty ed yield of on fom 

olil and lrry vdietie6 oI ralEed (Bt6rri tutu, .pp, 

Oleif*a). Worbhut*Bed Swicerlanit3o+Oto (Field Cbp 

Abst6., 38 (t:318,199). 

Il?rck, WV. &d F.A t€der t96Z Rdtts ot lonE re6 6eid rjd5 6 optid$zton 

tor wintEr hF. L.dui.b Chafdi.le Fo6.hung, 35 O_Z)r109 

118 (Soil6id Ferr, 47 (t-3):2340;1985), 

Fftd, RD. dd s'P Eie'eitn. t9€6_ Msbt ditu rqpubr si.dldatly 

prcgrd@. Mi.higd Srlb UniveFity AEri, Mnh€.r! 

Llsin& t 9A, 

ca@Uvind, I.H.,I-K. S

Geisl€r G, sd K ll6!tn& 1981, Studi€ 6 rhe yield strucbre of raF (rr6n 

rq"s L. Vd, N.pu) tr The rcprcaluctiv€ .t*lopmat of nF 

pl,mt in rclation ro Brand d6srty. Bayen*hes 

L,rdwirsrrlEtdi.h6 JdhbuclL 5s (2):2@211. (Fi.ld cbp 

Ab, 35 (9):25s5,19A!). 

C€i6ler, G 6d K Hming, 19€1. Stu.li6 6 yiekl rttucrw of bpz lBwis n ?u 

L. Vd. NaIM) t. Tte vegebtiw .ldelopmet oI ttE aF 

prant in Ebtion ro sbnd d€dg. B.yedshi6 

LendwirtB.IDIui.h€s lahrbu.h., 58 (2):20e-Ar (tilld Crcp 

Ab6ts, 3s (9)r55s;1964). 

Ghoslr DC. 199{. Ef{&t of $knu dnt ant plant dcity q poductivity md 

@':mic of t€llow s6l!o6 (Br6ic. afrpestrd a^t, yeltM 

$m). lnd. J. AEm, 39 (1)5457' (FiLr crcp Ab*., 48 

(5):32s,1995). 

Gh6h, Dc., P.K P6da .nd P.lv! S.t@. 195. Repoe ot hinH rape*€d 

(8r..sid ar?,rt'i,) to NPK Ind. l. AS'ic. R6, 29 (t-2):!9. 

Guo, Z.R aftl D,B, Yq. 1987, A study of disributon p6treh of yiekt @6porEts 

jn (8r6:nd rqlr l.) oil c'ops of Chnla z2do (Field crcp 

Ab6c, 4 (10):7068,1988). 

Cupt4 SK 1988. Etrdt of plant gsmhy 6 Ercwrh dd yield of du6r{d. Indi6 

lohrl oI Asrddr" 33 (2):2@209. (FieLt Crcp Ab6r!, 42 

(12):l0qb;1989). 

Gupta, T.R, ed I.5. S.ini 1982, Efiect of ;wing dates hd rab ,nd tire oI 

nitroga appliltio @ eed ed oil yield of briA, Ld. J. 

Ag62J lq32e329 

Glpta V.K, hd P.K Panda 1995. Infludc€ of planr dladng d yielit anibure, 6nd 

,rrd of fftlie r.pe (B/@;d 4 trysf/i$ !s. .rota) I Q):76-?8. 

(Iield Crcp Ab6!$, 49 {9):6631j1996) 

179

H.@n, KB, dd M,9 ELr.Ilt@L 196. R€spoe of ere hp€€d .drivnE tb 

nftrogd ratE .rd pirnt dsity !!dd sariG dniiti@ at 

Siwa Cbis Anr.ls ot A8riqlture *i@, 4\ (7J:2+Z4Z 

(rieH cbP Ab6b, 49 (12):9361J96). 

McDorEld. 194. The effeb ol $it drd fdtili4r nitrogs ard 

turs!,E st1w h yi€14 oil {d plotein qbnt ol nF 

cimdrd J. soil sci s8 (3)r3{e31. 

lvlogn 199. Atuularrr! d'sbiburid.nat G

tlunt, & 198. l,lAnt growth drDlysb Edward Ahold, U. K. p2t38 

"Zr l*u" U.V., C.O ttiU *d J.N. Cdltdgher 1988. The !6tur ol 

lrl,a) n iffigirion and $wing ddle 2, 

dw€loplMt nr relation ro ypld. JouiMl 

rie(e, Cambrid ge 111:231254. 

llus{nl A dnLl R.j. Field, 1991. llffet of swin8 d.ie, planr pdpulatim tud 

pLutha mrhod on the Fowrh Md dry m.fipr yield ot 

NSArb€cr Pdkisr.! louDul ot AgricDthrral S.ielrlg 28:152_ 

154 

l,luss,nr, A., M. Ndwaz, M. Azd 6d M. (!Dfe.19z, Crcwth @lysE stu.ties of 

.hi.kpe. $u ar di'Ieat ewinA dates dd ptdt 

populations ,oumal ot A8ridlrur.t resich 3t 227,236 

J!99,, R.c. Md D.K slurm. 1997. Eltecr ot suuur an r phosntbrls on ynnd and 

then upb'€ by lndin assratd (8msr?n/nncl). Ind. J, AEnn 

42 (2):3s2_356. 

i. hd.d, K. dnd GR Sin8h. 1995. Effe.r oI pLntin8 A@metry ard tdtilizr 

mnagehent on plMr h€ighr, days ro frarur'ty m

tul'L! M.M. dnJ B. Kalita. 19q2 D'Kt md rcsidual elldr of phGphotus {d tjhe 

d srcen 8rd (Pfiavd/'6 /,riiarlg-mpeed (86$i.. dl,!s) 

r3u*!. rnd. ,. of Agron. 37 (3}5{9-5s1. 

x.tr'.r'r, A,A lerJ3. PElimin.ry stud), on thc efiecr of NpK terril'adon on rh! 

o s€€il rap€ (8/,ri& kr're) in E6/pt In 6d Intelmhml 

raF€d ConieMre, Pdrir Frre, pp.296 (Field Crop Absb,, 

37(4):289198J). 

K.rur M.l-., J5 $rlhi, B, Singh, anil D.S R:na. 1984. F€rnb2 dsFo's ot 

raurred rdya (8ri$i@in.d,) in.ulrjvare

Krellshom, c 1933 Row sp.chg and *ed rdte erFrimhr with Indid o'l-sen 

mFrial 8rw. in sw*iIen. In 5d intlrr{nnal R lte€d 

@nr€rcnlr, PariE Frmc 5: npp.rthmr ot t't Husb.nn,a, 

Swed'sl Univ. Of AEri. S(j. Sweden. {ti€td Crop Absrs., 37 

(1)i2630;1984) 

KJL LlrL'om, c. rq93 Cosp.rstive growdr dalysis ot drisno naT,n nd Btasis 

.,,rd, unde' sh,edish @nd ftilE Crn. J. pt"nt Sci 73:795{Or. 

K(,r!tri2i( iDla,trsko, W 1973, Th€ etfet oI niho8€rcus lertiliar on dle seed oil 

content .ftI the fomlEihon of latt a.ids in tne on of winrer 

inrE. zeszyty N.ukwe Atademij Rolnic€ we wrdl6wru, 

Rolitrtwo (30),187-192 (fGld C,op Ab.t, 30 (3)i8{b;1ya. 

Xond ra, 7- P. 19./5 Ella-t3 of lw spacing ud *edin8 raie on rdl$,ed. C,n.dian 

Jouml of PlartSdmc€,55 (t)::r39341. (Field (rop Absrs.,2! 

(9):a94UCn). 

K!lh,s.,SS Mo dl drd 1,.K. Maity 1992. ltfect ol njhoge& por.sium 6d planr 

ds'ty on Ir€ grch th dd yield of mlstald (8rase.a in,.a L.) 

Enlnonnbtmd [.oloB.\., 10 (2):26G?65. v 16 (1):.180,19%). 

K.S CnDSwdr. r$5. Analysis of gEwth, d€v.topmnr aid y'eld ot 

IntlM i{p€sed lB.askd crn.€stris) in relation ro Nihdgen 

od pro* d6s y. Indi6 Joumel oa .g'orcmy., 30 {s}:25&36s 

(Iield c.op Absrs., 39 01)r8867j1986) 

Shd*t war 1992. Effect of limited wat€r 3uppty, nitroAfl dd lme 

oI ewins o producrio ot hF (8/as@ ""/B). ABrcrchy j. 

37 (4):853-8ss. 

(unl,a S, J. SnrSh ard KK Dhin8 a. 197. LeaI a€ index rctaii6ship witt $lar 

iididtjon int€rception and yield of hdim nlerard {8a$id 

i!rcn) !s inlludld by planr poputdrion anl njtrogd. Ind. j. 

Asron , ,12 (2):31&351. 

133

J/ 

Nundtr, t nnd D. s'nah. r98Z R6ton* ot mrsrard ro nftrdgen sd sl,acing. Ind. 

l. Asrcn., (32 (1)r5-lz (tierd ciop Absrs.,4 (9):7119j198S). 

tir(', N.C., {nd C. Chel 1930. Respons oI agMomic .h.ncter, sql. yield, oal 

tuntent ud iatry aci.l L.ompdsrtio ot raF F€

, 

Dl.ith, J.1.. lcdl. Drs liitht limit fop pnrduction. h: Physdolin.ul prd]ses 

lmibnS ptnnl prodld'v'Ly {rJ C.B. Joh,sD} 0nnenlorttjn, 

Lmdon pp23-38. 

'nn.ilh, J.l . 1q87. C[mu* and produ.riv y h dry Inlrd .g.i(nliuro. Ind_ t. Agri. 

Res. And Dev.2,1-15. 

./V.u.r.;rt', J.t- dnd ). Elsr'n. 19&3 !ertolm.(! dd producrivity or aoliage in dre 

1,,.,.,,,, 

tr.ld. lnr The gtowth dnd tun$ion'ng ol ledv* ([ds J.E Oute 

sd F.l-. Mndbrp). Crmbrid8€ UniveBiy l,Es+ Londm 

Ft'19q5t8. 

J.l-. dtul RK Sott 1962 Wearld Md yield vln.hore ot.fl,ps. In: Fcxl, 

nutrition tuat.limle (E.ls K. Btaxtcr drl t_. [owden). 

Applied Sdee, Londoh. pp 127,153. 

nnd I l'5. AhLwat., 1981. Response ot rapo*ed io tlant denlity 

and r€rbliziior. Ind i. A8lon,, 26 (2)ta| 188. (Field Ck,p 

Alxls., 3t' (4:6017 ;1983) 

196& OiLh{ crop in Pal(isrhn 5t tur .oshaints hnd sra€By, 

IrdLstdr Agriculhr. Re*nrch Courcrl, lslAtubad, patirbn. 

M.Nenly. 1987 Dry mttEr dLomutorrrL heiSht and *ed yietd 

h sprhe o.d smmer idp€ hs ati{!:d by ie.hlrer and 

spacing. Patisr.r J of A8ri R6. 8 (2):149149. 

Respone of two species oI rdp. io diflerdt levcts .f nihosenous 

.nd phosphorus terhtiz{ h dilfpmr donhns dora In 

pro.t\\rings oI 5d In|harional Rap.sed CnrJ,, Mslho 

Sweden r:257,259 (Fi.ld Crcp Absrs., 3s 0):684;1982). 

Nfu,l,,rr, Z. t9u1). Elle.t of dhour and dar. of nihogen terhlier atplicarion on 

srd yntd, roaat oil yietd md oil quatrt of h,jhrpr oil *d 

hpe. ttljoiivnDdua hdnsrvonb Shotid 52r299-3U (Fn,td 

Crop Absts, 38 (1):33j1985). 

ta5

Myfls. I l . i I rn*tlanJ R. |,, htrr. tsal Re\Ilony ur ru|eelt rd,Aw.4 mrh, rlr 

l,ll€pliorur aoron sd lime on dn 6.id sril rchr Catrb€ir! 

Ars ,. Exp_ Agri. 6d A.m. Husb.B l72r\:r72 r77_ 

NrntrW lls, ss. Malal dnd M.s cill t993 Respor of ral**ed (Bn$icd ep!4 

t reitilizrB {d nriaabd in Puniah [rd, J. Ag,i Sci 6j 

\12):791\?ea. 

Mlrn2" M., A I lusir, F.M. Chaudhry, M. M.q*t .nd M Azd. 1995. Eft6r ot 

swin8 date dd pla.r Fpularion on Fd yield 6d yietd 

.bmpdsft; ot .hickpe. j. Agri. pct,33:3tz-ZB. 

N{\'d,, M, A. HuseiD F.M. Chdldhry, M, Maqsood, dd M. Az.m. tgq' 

IiriSation m

No.de4ord, 4., E. Au8Etinus' dd p. llau!@L 1984 Irlfllm of nihogo 

dt

o *r11 191. Hther yield dd qurlity in spriia$M oil @F gm al d@ 

lw gFcinEa gvqBl FrctiilninE. 40 (3):4Gr9, V 25 

@)1fr']67;t572). 

Ohls! 1 192 Spms raF s

Pdlel" ,.R, MT. P.rmr drd l_C palel. 1980. Effe.l of .tjfiqor 6@ing

lbtlp', 1.D., PA. S.lisb!ry, Dl. Balinger N WntlEn 6d RL M,ils. 195. 

Cohp.ris of hisbricl vdiettg of r.pe€d ard c@b in 

Aus&arnl Eu PE of the 9d' ht RAp@d Congl_, U.K pp 

w3&_ 

l1de4 S., D.N. Shlll4 1990, Eftect of intEnction o{ niboa€ri, pobsiq d.l 

qccl o Ebtr'th chrEcl€rs in rclado b Eain yield of 

husr'rd (&ara ir@.) va.r59. I'dih L Agric R€, 27 

(1),1!2o 

lbm, G, N.K Chaurj, K,K, ChaqdlEry ud I,K PatEl, 1992 Eff€t ot fs6lity levels 

m r.ria afbr ne ha6t Advrcs itr Pirnt S.ift4 5 (1):37- 

42 

Singl md LP.s. Ahbwlt 1991. Eife.t of intadd& pldt

Roy, KIvr .nd N.K P6d 1991. Phy6iotogirr @ryrir of Fp{iotion demity efed 

6 raF (8add! c.,frys*i. L,), I E6wrh .!Dtyd4 A.r. 

Asmhica Hu,tdi@, ao 94)339945. cield crcp Absrs, 

{6 (1):2555;1984). 

RJy, K,lvl .rd NIC Ptul 1991. Fhydologiol autds of populatim it6 y €det 

or hpe l8'wia @nqxsttis)- tL yi€ld qd yield lspdab, 

Acta Agmbid Hu8ari.a 40 (34):347353. (!i€ld Cbp 

4b5is., 46 (1):465;1996). 

s.dh$ Ac, DD Mdrvia, RK t&6!r& and VD. Kh6p!6 199. Wabi .iil 

nurridt tt'@aemr in tilie h!5tard (a,ai.,,r@) ad 

thet @iitu.l effet d niny sM Erositnur Ind. J. At@, 

a@]a,2_yr. 

!i'ni" J.5 6il T,P. cupre. 1982. psporE of tDri,. (BrBia n pB) vsidds 6 

v.'ying pLnt jFinss trdi.n Io{,Er of Astqbhy' 2z ({). V 

37 (6):4864)r9aq. 

grriabrtclr DH., &W, D.nbt!, J. ChaIEw! ..ir It p.r. l9€O Btf€ct of niboaa 

6 the ds€lopllEt of 3p,ing oit*ed nF E*?r Hu!b_ 

(34:6173. (Son Md Fei. 45 (9):10154,1982). 

ftIun& E dd 5 H@kta6 1988. Illdetiot prituiples for dE idire.t 

ddemi@tid of rhe lobl Elu@3itubb @nte(t in riF ed 

lEl qqrrtying rhe slflr l]nlgrrrtih vie Xjey 

tlo€sd@ (xru meenod). t. sd" rooa Agn '4fit249_2r,4. 

s.fl RK, E.A Og@i, l.D lvns ord Nt lv{6iule tr3. rE €{et.{ 

fdtiti4r. {rd l@est dar€ 6 trcwth ard yield ot oU ed 

nF s)h in aqille md 3prnla. I AgrL S.i, Ca6b, 81 

\q:247-2:A. 

S€D H., PK l6na dd S.K Di upt 197, Res?o@ of hlshrd va,iery Va'@ 

(8/@& ift@) C6 b n,gh d@s ot niboEa Ind. Agic. t9 

(4)347350. (Fietd crop Ab6ts ,30 \B):49&jrc74. 

191

shnik M., K.A Rdddy dd b. BajetEn 195. perfotl'rc of rdid mulbrd 

(8a.i&l'@) vdiede. in r€tadon tD yield ud pbnr daBity_ 

Ind. I Asric. S.i., 6 \77):uhAO7 Fiel.l C.op Absts., .t9 

02J'98z'e6r. 

Shdik S.l. dnd SC, Bhargav4 19€4, physioloEicat @F-rs of yietd ihprmt6t jn 

8|ci6 6p€der wit rfe|€G b pt nt dtuity. L Dry MdEr 

altr:@qtdrion md growit atrribute.. Jourds ot Ojled6 

Resrclr 1 (1)_ (Iield Crcp A!6rs, 37 (1\. te,t9a4} 

sn{ mn, M.1,. 1'192. Repo@ of @sr.id (r6ddjar@.) vqiai€ b iow spftinss. 

trdian lerrr of A8|qldy" z 0):59&94 (!idd c,op 

Ab6ra, t6912):8685,1993). 

Sl$tD', A.E dd l" Kw. 1$1. Vdi.li6 in yret4 atribltEs oit qutry ot 

Irdi4 hubrd h rchr:bn ro pt nring ritu dd levets of pt nt 

poput rd rnd.I A8'i.. s.i, Sr 0):2732 Gdd crcp Ab' 

34 (12),104821981). 

' rnnlc GG dtal DN Drullr. 19el, perfo@ of difteEr susbrJ (Bsnd 

i4@" Coe) wtetier ader va,yins pbnt dtuides Joutul of 

Mahan6tha Ag,iatturd univssiti6., 5 (3):26e2a. (Field 

Crop Alrsk, 36 (4:60{7;1983). 

shrtr H l) sd C. C€'ster. 1987. yield cmporent siab iiy in winre ape (Ar.sica 

,trtlr t.) as a turctior ot ohFrition within tn€.rop. 7d 

tntematimal RApeFed Con8les, pozlM, tt,li,nd. 11-14 Ma, 

1937 {Field C,op Absts.,4t (10):2059,1988). 

Snnr R E.lI 1976 Eife.tsof plmtinE pasim 6.d $wing nerhods o rhe *d yi.ld 

of slfl@d, oit*d aF ,nd rupil N. Z J. E\". Ag.ic. 4i8a 

189. 

\r'lit' I i,. nnJ l t.l,. sin8h. 1964. Dry mtter j(umut6riq and nut idr uptnt€ in 

lndio raF as nli{red by pt nt dmty. jnd. , Asldn,29 

(4)522,522 (Fietd crop Abstr, 39fc:r?3zajrgaq. 

192

s,rl: \, A snd K5. Ratii. 1937. Efte.t oI pLnture patieh o nftrogen on g,os,th 

tud yield ol toir. hd. J. AgM., 32 (1);4tH52. (Fi.l Crop 

Absb., 42 (8);6620;1989). 

sr\rr, 0., dnd v. Kumr 1qr6. ResFiE oI Indid mustaid (8r@ia li!"e,) [o 

nittog€n ud s{lflr appltation lnder rainted conilitio.. Ind J, 

Adlon.4l (2r:?8628a 

sinuh, B,8.r,. Singh, AS. F.roda ind S.K Cupt.1qr4, Eff(t ot rrrigation.nd 

s rtr, 

nitrogh l€v€tB d rtte qu!.lity md oil yield of Br@na spp. 

ftL) }.8ren.,39 \2):262 5 

R.L'.1983 rt'spon* ot mustad n l.hidk-tea nr moisrlt. in sil prcfile dnd 

pl,.t popDlnttoro 6 aid isols. Ird. J. Aarn S.i., 53 (A:543-t19. 

(liirld Crop Ah!*, 37 (9):6955,1984r. 

srr,th,0.1', A.l Bhola,ed t!. Yad6v. 1971.studcs m rhe gro*,th yietd {nd on 

.onl.nt.t b'oh,n srsd (Bmin.4 .d,'r{shl v6r. BroM $r$n 

Duthie) with v.ryinS r@ s?trurgs dd fedlity tevets 

Ilary@ AEri.. Univ. l. R6 I (4):11-1s (lield Crcp Abds, 27 

o)154rp74). 

SinAh, RA, an l Rlrhi 1984. Studi6 6 nikoga rcqtri@rs of nl{,t rt (BdlCd 

iar@). ka. I. AEt6,29 l2):231-2ss. (Fietd Crop Abat , 39 

(3).?3221Wr. 

si.th, llP, Nd Il,P Sinth. 1984 nedpdE of Ldian hF (B/Bi@ .,tut sttis L, 

w. Ton! to pLntng d@it' nibots dtd 6dphd. Iid. ,. 

A8Im,29G):$&5a2 

5trrrir, U B .nd S l, Toear 1971. Respore ol mnsrard lo varyint n,igation l€vels, 

spacin8 ard tertilter appli.atim Ind. J. Aaren., 16 (.r):it65_it6z 

(Field crop Atst!., 27(t):54t1974). 

t93

Singh, U.B., S.P Ttu, ed p.9. T()tN, 1924. C@lttuative Frf()|!rc of 

difi€br oiked do?6 m.t tieir @p6* ro iriAEtim dd 

iertixzr.I,pti.arm Ind. I. At@ 19 (1):1_5 (Sdt qd Fe.r 39 

(4):t729;r916). 

sinl!h.B,, B,P. Sin8h .rd A5 tar.d4 1944 Bffct of idi8,b6 ard nih%a l€lrb 

6 yieLt and i6.lEa.reB of Br6ica dpP. Ind. I. AE]@, 39 

Ql:2e?69_ 

sD'ilb CJ., G,c, Wndt md I'tr Wood@te, 1988, I Th€ effet of iriga66 dd N 

ferdliar q np@d \B.Nu ".pbt pBlu.h;n h $,tr 

@slem Aurtr.li& [ N ,og6 aduutatid ard oil yiekt. 

lirigction s.ien€. 9 (t ):1125 

sn(nivoa lll. 1977. Ferrility hials witn sprina apc on a Mdrto !rt5 enl. 

Agtr uuuBtTdhn,d 17 (4J: t{t t 5d 

s{.'lni.h.p, ll tLlZ. E+ernhenrs wiln Nl,K dnd litr d r.F (Br4{i.4 ,ry6 t..) 

Forsknl8 ot Forsklddtru(e t 2416)699-?13, 

sr'kr, ri, .trrl KE. Clrier. i9&r. EIfe! ot nriadtim dd nit,og$ on y,etd and 

quar'ly orojl*rl. New &ahnd j. EI?r Agri. 12 (3) 219,22{. 

( Field CroF Absts, 38 (11):6zorql5). 

sloy, A 1981. Yj€ld ol rape in datiq lD crcp dddty. S.firif6pdh€ der 

A8hwbsBlEfiti.hd lakultAt iter Univftiht Kiet,, 6261- 

62 (Field Crcp Ahsrr, 3z (5):3326j1984). 

sl(ry, A 198:1 sl.nd dererty in rape, Die lesbnaeldrhre bcm Rnps, Rdps, t (t) I, 

12 (F €ld Crcp Ab6ts, 37 (9):69511984). 

9.r,yni€lski, T. And & Ow@re}. 1982 RelorE of rew wrei,ape vderies to 

AE rying d6Eity' ib Inb@ritul Rrped Congr.se 

Poa.n, pol,nd. 11_14 Ma, 1987. 

10.1

i'rl.'.,^.,, cl.9nitn md LB. Wnsn 1991 Elfftr ot irriaahe and nrrrc86 

rerhtkr on yrcld, oit conr.n! nitroEcn accumriab.n and 

Mler !e of (futa (8msft iqtc). Fertitia R.6dr 29 

(3):U9-2@. 

Tayo, T.O,, 6il DG Morgd" (195). elllnibtive 6n frsis of dE Ebdf! 

dwelopmr ed dirdbutim of fldeE 6d pods n1 oil s€eil 

aFe. (8ain.4 ,,l,ff 1..). J. Asrn. s.i c.mb., 85 (6}1011 10. 

l h f L rid. k. sDd 1,. K. Cogoi. 1996 R6poN oI ra,nte.l must! td (ituse jurtu) to 

nft686 an t row spacing. hdim lbumat o( Agrnomy 441 

(2J:2?r41. 

lri'Dds, r). 1936 CAnddidn (lnold productjon. PF. 616. In k. Kephhd (ed) t,acitjc 

Norrtwesr Winh' raF*ed produchm CorJ MoroB,, ID. 2r 

26 Feb. Cndp, Ext S€r., Uhiv. oI Idano, Morow 

E I(t oI stdnd demity d *d yietd of winrpr raF. plFpriv,edn. 

Z-nmstveM Smorta., 35 (45):81-87 ([kld Crop Abr, 3t 

(81:aw) 

'rdmr, '976). 

S Kunar, 5. Tomar Nd Singh md S Singh 1996. Respone 

of Indim nrlsiard (Br6i.a jn@) varieb* 6 n,aog6, 

plGphorusurl potassirm tertil'zrs Ind l. AEror 41 (4):524- 

626. 

Moq. ancl A. B€.ti. 1985. napesd: the t6r resulb Tne nd*arcn 

Pdgr.m (Ag.oomy 4d eunlit) of tne luridn 

Agri.ulturd Ministry. Advrc 'n rh€ p,oduc&n do 

Utilt tjq 01Crucifercls Crops 2133. 

'lilboi A-14, dd lvr Robeld 1963. Etr!.t of dasity ed .nb86 ferdliztim @ 

yi.ld dnd its components in winter mF. t 6,, Lrermh(ml 

Rapesed Co'{., parG, F6,ar (tield Cn)f Absts., 37 

(4)r25s6j1984). 

195

vt{- s I q(3. R.s|'m$ of mushrrd ro irrigAtion and lertitiation. MnJ r.s Aari J. 70 

(l ):1118. (Ii€l.l Crcp Absrs., 37 (12):9236,19Ar. 

V.rmorel, M., R.K Hearey and G.R FdwkL 1986. Nuhihve vllue dl ,ape q{: 

Elfds ot hdividual glucGirbldres. J. $i toort AErn., 

37:1197-7m2. 

vr, r'., trnd aS. Vetu. 199. Efie1 of nitrcam dd phGphorus ferritiz tioh ond 

mw spa.lrg on dry @,tler, ntrogo md phosphotus conbnl 

and rhen dpbk in ranrf€d musrard, Ind. ,, Agic. S.i., .t9 

{t 2):95c952 (IFId Crop Absi,, 33 (12}:t0tr9;1960). 

V n, P , and B.s verma. 1979. Efte.t ot ntes sd methods of nihogen a pplicarion on 

up 8rcwth, yield .nd qu.lit ot hus!.d nnda. ,.hItd 

condihons oI ASrd r€gron.Ird. J. AEo124 (2):t31r134. (fn,U 

Crop Absr6., 33 (10):8$2,19d0) 

vr. l'.dkl 85. Vermo. l9a1 Effed oI njllogs, ptDsplorus ano bh, spa(ra d 

yildl, ypld att! rblrcs dnd oil.lntent ot ranrfrd nusrdd, Ind. 

I Agrcn. 26 0):3741. (Soit md Fe{ 46 (5):J796,19S3). 

\rrlh)uJ, P.lcY4 Efie.l oI $wing ddr!, row spa.in8 md opplicatjon of nihogen on 

8rcwth 6d yield of winEr rap€. Revue Shis*d. Ag,ic. 6 (1)r4_ 

3. 

w{tson, I ).J I9.r7 CnDlparative physiolognd strdies on rhe growth 01 ii.ld crops 

L Variatim in mr Nimilation rate &d teal dre berwM 

sF('es and varieties nnd rdihin md bets,en y€rs Auals ot 

4^*," ,.1. ,*r. The physiologul 66sis of v..iahm in y'eu. Advd6 ,n 

wr,r!ht, C.c, c', smlth and M. R W@droote. 1988. Th. etfer of rlE irigat on a.d 

nnroBen terr izr on rdn€s€d (A/ai@ ,ry!r,) proauctd in 

eutx eastFrn AustlalD . Cro(,th dnd R.d yjeld. nriS.tion 

srcNe.9t-13. 

196

D.c. BulloL 1199. Bffel of evlil p'odutbn f..to6 on rwo 

di.&r of npe*gl h th. 6tr.l lJiiild Shb4 J. Pt Nub" 

161 12't1,f'. 

P'E Bibom .d tK 9.: 19s, bfh6b oa ohhE {il 

nitoglr| 6 d.l tield lrd qu.lny of ke gluco.ltoLb oil 

*d aF (anrr! rq{, L). l. d S.i tood .rd A&i 639r)2} 

L 

V@r .d ,. P'rningeda 190& Oil drE of *nE dF 

(8rur!. raFd L) ir r.Ld6 b As!!@hic Tetunqu ed 

g|wtrt t€gqr Rdn \tt'6- 3a (5!tr5U (FbH CFD 

Abdb,, 41 (U)'8198;1988). 

t07

AtpadL !.t lttdcd tld .ld.d r.irir ddild d. 

lt l{6!il6 o.aolc l99a odotr t96 

8qh) olt o.rt 

lll a2 tr 

ol!jodr(*) 0.7! 

lulltrolr(to o.@7 0.@5 

'AYS|. *drtrs 6J 6.t 

(no) 

Add'L loa V5 ltt 

(po) 

T-d! Srnrdrytm Sdrcryloo 

tga

ApFrdi! !2: M.teoLai..t .t t fc th. twrn pdod oa crlot 

n Tdpdid. aC!\ 

199+96 l99cyt 

21.00 

20,20 

12.95 

t6.20 

20.90 

t9.25 

rit.60 

t3,25 

t5.to 

20_00 

24,30 

R.riiv. EMrili.y ax) 

lt9t96 t996yl 

?0,q| 

84.00 

8,1-00 

79,00 

61.00 

73,6 

8?.OO 

79_@ 

t!,00 

63,00 

Rrind aMl 

t99+96 t996-9' 

0.30 

0.00 

t3.70 

29.00 

210.5 

Sol@: Aeri Mdorcloliql o.[ D.pr Crop lirioloaf, thiEiry oi gdc!X,@ 

t90 

l.50 

o00 

0.oo 

16.70 

8.50 

12.00 

78.00 

tt6_70

3 

Appailit 4.1r Co. or.Dor! prodrcdo! h.r (&,) ddng 199+96 

9 

l0 

ll 

Sr. 

(iii) Ptouslbs 

(ii) ttdshbs 

(iv) noliic 

Sornr 

(in) Cbdjnsofwrd 

Itd prol..tid @ed 

Nubr nrob' TotrtcrpaG 

I 

I 

trg 

N 

250.@ 

61.75 

250.00 

6t.75 

J@,0{t 

250.00 

30,87 

5('0.00 

600.00 

J@.(X' 

125,m 

t4.52 

370t.00 

500.00 

6t.15 

250.00 

6t,75 

tr.: 

250.00 

30.8? 

t00,00 

600.00 

r0o_0{, 

125.@ 

t8.52 

3?05.00 

7loz'$

Appddi! a,2: Cotr olod plodBdd lrr (l!,dutug l99cq. 

3 

9 

t0 

u 

(i) Ftougbhg 

(ii) Pldlils 

(i) l'lo.$il8 

('i) ?L!ri.8 

(i) C|uirs ofFl* 

Plbr Dro!.cid @eFl 

Nub4 R.aslr'' Tot t dpr.diror. 

I 

I 

Jrs 

201 

250.00 

6t.15 

25o-00 

5t.75 

250.@ 

30.8? 

,0o.oo 

600_oo 

t25.@ 

l&52 

3?05.00 

6t,15 

250,@ 

6t,75 

250.00 

30.8? 

50o.oo 

500.00 

r2t,00 

ta.t2 

3?0r.00 

7lot,,t

Appddlt 43 ! Eiat.f ti@ rd nL of f..tiliz.. .!pti..rlo o t.rf e. ildd o! 

Tl=h{N+P.r&bg 

T2= lAN+6 P rt s{i!A + 12 N .! rd 

1l " t2N+ftlP.lssfts+ V2 N!t 

B, Fqtili4r r.r. (Lg L. ') 

N 

Fl 60 

120 

F3 6i) 

15 120 

LSD5% 

P 

30 

3o 

60 

t95-96 t99{97 

0,19 

0.19 

q20 bo 

0,22. 

0.01 

NS 

0.19 

0.13 

0.18 

o,lt c 

o.r3 b 

0.20. 

0,2t I 

0.01 

NS 

0.19 0_18 

Mclii!tt r.@ @L@ nan'S iUtrq.d t it@ di& dglidmrly rt (p s O.O5) 

2@ 

0.t9 

0.l3 

0.18 

0.15 

0.13 

0.t1 

0.20 

0.21 

0.22

Appddn44 ! Etr.t otti,o..!d nt ot fdatizo .tpllcrrid on lqls.. trdd o! 

lof De 19a.96 rd lDGt7. 

Tl-F N+P owi'r8 

T2 = l/2 N + frl P.r .oRira + 12N dld 

T3 - V2 N + frll P.t @iog + l/2N.. 

l. rcdlta ni. c! hri) 

N 

F00 

Fl 6l) 

F20 

FJ 6I' 

F4 90 

F5 120 

tsD5% 

P 

0 

0 

30 

30 

60 

9o 

195-96 

l.72NS 

t.76 

Ln 

l.2lh 

t.64 b 

1.45b 

l,?1. 

2,17 t 

2.32 t 

0.19 

NS 

'996n 

l.69NS 

t.7t 

t.74 

t.18. 

l.6l c 

1.42 a 

l.6E b 

2,14.t 

,29. 

0.20 

NS 

LU t.22 

Maab do se oo[@ lniig diF.ld k td di&r;g'Gdry.. O,< o.0r) 

a)3 

1,70 

t.11 

t,75 

Lt9 

1.63 

1.,t4 

t.70 

2.t5 

2,31

lplorl! 4,! : Einet cf rire !d nr. of a-dnr lpDliddb! d L.l @ ildq d 

l5rJu. t9t96.d 1996t7. 

T1= FullN + P.t wilC 

T2= 1,2 N + 6U P.1Nila + r4N $&. 

T3= l2 N + ftll P.t si!8 + ,1N.i 

r. Fcdfd nr. (L€ !.n) 

NP 

F000 

Fl 600 

I20lo 

t3 60 30 

!4$60 

F5 t20 90 

t-$Ds% 

1995-96 199d9? 

2.35N8 

2.6 

2,67 

1.73 d 

2.35b 

2.21. 

2.81b 

3.09. 

3.12. 

0.18 

N8 

2,47NS 

2.14 

2^52 

l_51d 

2.19b 

2.Al h 

1.02. 

3-,o. 

0.18 

NS 

2.56 L19 

lra!! b tn. |.e @b@ [ai!€ diftiat bi6 diftr iigni[cstly .i (P < 0.0t) 

&4 

2.41 

1.62 

2.27 

2.O1 

3.04 

3.al

ApFrilit ,L6 ! Edct ot rio .nd n.. of l6i'1i,r Tdrd.bi o r..f .ra iltls o! 

tS F.b. 119+96 .!d lr96t7. 

Tl = FUIN + P.t wilg 

T2 = 1/2N+ftnP.t swidS + l/2 N.r Ir 

T3 = l/2N+i lPrt owiua+ 12N{ 

B. Fdti|lq ..r. (Ls b. ) 

N 

F00 

Fl 61, 

F20 

f3 60 

F5 120 

l,sD5% 

P 

0 

0 

30 

30 

60 

1995-96 1995-97 

1.18 NS 

t,29 

1.27 

0.9t d 

1.07c 

1.01c 

t.42b 

1.48t 

o.27 

NS 

l t9NS 

tn 

t.20 

0.8?. 

0.96 c 

0.99d 

1,39b 

0,14 

NS 

r.7a t.72 

M6$h|n .r col@ tnbs diftrar la6. dift. dllltdfiy.r (P 3 O05) 

m5 

L18 

1.28 

t.2t 

0.89 

t.0l 

1.00 

1.17 

1.62

ppodn 47 i Ederold&edr.t olf

App..di! 4.ar Tb. Lto.dio! b.tvc! row rp.cilr .!d pLrt a.ciD8 .f,aailg &t 

*.t!t or 3orl De 199996.rd 1r9C97 

RTPI 

RIP2 

RIP' 

p2Pl 

I3UL 

R2P} 

nSPl 

t3P2 

lllP3 

LSD5% 

l9t$95 t91697 

925.23 t 

920.06. 

?33,19 c 

505,n t 

801,27b 

61031n 

4JJ.91 E 

651.35. 

4n.42\ 

340.72i 

3,72 

12E,O2 c 

500.10f 

796,10b 

665.16 d 

42E.00 g 

1t7.25h 

3.72 

Mqahln. re 6t@ tnilr diftrd. Lde diftr isoifort n (P < 0.05) 

207

AppddL 4,9! rh brd..rio! D.ar@ re rp.cilt ud !l.!i rpr.iq .tr4d4 dry 

v.istl on 15lh J.n 19$95 ud !9969 

RIPI 

RIP2 

RI P3 

R2PI 

t2P2 

u13 

RSPI 

13P' 

R3P3 

LSD5% 

l9+96 

1190.00. 

939.60. 

701.90 f 

1090.0 b 

860.70 c 

65&504 

890,30d 

't0t.20 f 

506.20h 

8,03 

I l9ZO0. 

69C9t f 

to85_0b 

E55.70. 

653.6{,9 

335,40d 

696.!0 f 

t0t.2l! 

3,(X) 

M@s i. llc @ collm tdiE djfrd rdl

RIPI 

RIP2 

RIE} 

R2PI 

l.2P2 

R2P3 

TI3PI 

II3P2 

83P3 

LSDS% 

Ia. bld.cd.n b.rr6 rM.p.cl4 ud pL r!..ing 

dlalilt dry *ti8la on rltl f.b.l9tt96 .!d I99C9? 

t tt96 1996.9:1 

1560.0r 

l3l2.Oc 

989.l0 g 

t453.00b 

ll93.0o e 

9t5,20h 

1256.00 d 

1041,00f 

842,00 i 

a.t2 

l5J{.0. 

932.90 8 

t447.@ d 

1186.00. 

t250.m d 

1035.00f 

83t.90I 

8.02 

M.s i! rL. .@ @bd Lwitrg @Et &da! di& l8nfi.-"tt .t (P s o.O5) 

209

4D{'h{rlt Ir. rrh..dr ta|I r.r A..ta rd *r, |!|&toa.A.ds 

dt r{ta or 21lt !it''t ard ttat 

LlPl 

furz 

r.r|! 

x2trr 

nr2 

allB 

l3Pt 

DOt2 

t3Pl 

L8D!96 

rlt*x w, 

l9ll.0o. 

t7?,000 

, r9amf 

l?lt.o. 

M!.00. 

u[t tp I 

r5t{.q) 6 

115.00! 

Irll9.lpt 

179 

lq|t @r 

r7t9.oD 

!o. oo f 

ln}l ||0. 

l5m.q|! 

rtrtol 

!54t l|0 d 

r3i|l.Oo t 

lLLoi 

E79 

l|60rifi -D..hr.r|| aifb{ tdr|dt -rb*r os oot) 

ao

AGRONOMY (Z;" ' - Higher Education Commission

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?