05.02.2022 Views

Film genres: features, functions, evolution

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

I generi cinematografici: caratteristiche, funzioni, evoluzione

Film genres: features, functions, evolution

cinemafocus.eu

Tuttavia, sono la forma e lo stile che distinguono i

melodrammi hollywoodiani da quelli italiani.

Forse la differenza più evidente sta nell'uso del

colore nei film americani in contrasto con il

bianco e nero di quelli italiani. Il colore, che è

stata una delle principali attrazioni attraverso cui

Hollywood ha cercato di affrontare la concorrenza

della televisione, viene utilizzato nei melodrammi

per aggiungere brillantezza e intensità alle scene,

rendendole più spettacolari, ma, come le

ambientazioni e l'iconografia, anche" esternalizza"

le passioni che ardono dentro i personaggi. Invece

di essere semplicemente usato per effetti realistici,

il colore diventa simbolico, mettendo in risalto le

emozioni dei personaggi fino all'eccesso.

Al contrario, il bianco e nero della maggior parte

dei melodrammi italiani sottolinea le atmosfere

più cupe e la tensione drammatica insite nella

rottura delle convenzioni sociali (a volte regionali)

che minacciano l'identità culturale dei personaggi

e delle loro famiglie.

Un'ultima differenza riguarda l'uso della musica:

mentre gli archi vibranti accentuano il pathos

delle scene più drammatiche in entrambi i generi,

la tradizione musicale italiana a volte porta

all'inclusione di canzoni all'interno della storia

(come mostrato nel video di Catene qui sopra),

rendendo così omaggio alla musica in molte delle

sue forme (dall'opera lirica ai canti del patrimonio

regionale, spesso nella tradizione napoletana).

N.B. Per approfondire il tema del melodramma si

vedano questi Dossier:

- Il melodramma classico hollywoodiano

- La persistenza del melodramma: da Sirk a

Fassbinder a Haynes

17. Conclusione

Una definizione molto concisa di "film di genere"

è stata fornita da Barry Keith Grant:

"Quei lungometraggi commerciali che, attraverso

la ripetizione e la variazione, raccontano storie

familiari con personaggi familiari in situazioni

familiari" (Nota 11).

In effetti, il concetto di "familiarità" (soprattutto

per il pubblico) è centrale nella definizione dei

86

However, it is the form and style that set

Hollywood and Italian melodramas apart.

Perhaps the most obvious difference is in the

use of colour in American movies in contrast

with the black and white of the Italian ones.

Colour, which was one of the main attractions

through which Hollywood tried to face the

competition of television, is used in

melodramas to add brilliance and intensity to

the scenes, making them more spectacular, but,

like the settings and the iconography, it also

"externalizes" the passions burning inside the

characters. Rather than being simply used for

realistic effects, colour becomes symbolic,

highlighting the character's emotions to the

point of excess.

By contrast, the black and white of most of the

Italian melodramas stress the darker

atmospheres and the dramatic tension involved

in the breaking of social (sometimes regional)

conventions that threaten the cultural identity

of the characters and their families.

A final difference regards the use of music:

while vibrant strings accentuate the pathos of

most dramatic scenes in both cinemas, the

Italian musical tradition sometimes leads to the

inclusion of songs within the story (as shown in

the above video from Chains), thus paying

homage to music in several of its forms (from

opera to regional heritage songs, often in the

Neapolitan tradition).

N.B. To consider melodrama in more depth, see

these Dossiers:

- Classical Hollywood melodrama

- The persistence of melodrama: from Sirk to

Fassbinder to Haynes

17. Conclusion

A very concise definition of "genre films" was

given by Barry Keith Grant:

"Those commercial feature films which,

through repetition and variation, tell familiar

stories with familiar characters in familiar

situations" (Note 11).

Indeed, the concept of "familiarity" (especially

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!