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Film genres: features, functions, evolution

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

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cinemafocus.eu

I generi cinematografici: caratteristiche, funzioni, evoluzione

Film genres: features, functions, evolution

In Catene (si veda il video in basso a destra),

Guglielmo (Amedeo Nazzari) uccide l'ex

fidanzato di sua moglie Rosa (Yvonne Sanson),

che la stava ricattando. Fugge in America, ma

viene rimandato in Italia per essere processato.

L'unico modo in cui può essere liberato è se sua

moglie confessa l'adulterio (in quanto l'omicidio

può allora essere considerato un delitto

passionale) e lei accetta di farlo. L'avvocato di

Guglielmo gli spiega il sacrificio di Rosa e alla

fine Guglielmo riesce a salvarla dal suicidio.

In Chains (watch the video below right),

Guglielmo (Amedeo Nazzari) kills his wife

Rosa (Yvonne Sanson)'s ex-boyfriend, who

was blackmailing her. He flees to America, but

is sent back to Italy to stand trial. The only way

he can be set free is if his wife confesses to

adultery – so the murder can be considered a

crime of passion – and she does it. Guglielmo's

lawyer explains Rosa's sacrifice to him and he

is eventually able to save her from committing

suicide.

I figli di nessuno/Nobody's children (di/by

Raffaello Matarazzo, Italia-Francia/Italy-France

1951)

Catene/Chains (di/by Raffaello Matarazzo,

Italia/Italy 1949)

I temi e gli argomenti del melodramma includono

personaggi che di solito sono buoni o cattivi (ma

possono anche cambiare in modo del tutto

inaspettato nel corso del tempo); donne che sono

spesso vittime (delle azioni degli uomini); una

catena di eventi drammatici, spesso catastrofici

ma anche provvidenziali; una possibile serie di

(improbabili) coincidenze; un lieto fine, che

risolve piuttosto frettolosamente le dolorose

contraddizioni cui abbiamo assistito durante tutto

il film. I temi sono trattati con forte enfasi su

sentimenti e passioni, sottolineando il pathos

associato sia all'amore che alla violenza. Tutto

sommato, alcuni temi e argomenti di base

sembrano essere condivisi sia dai melodrammi

hollywoodiani che da quelli italiani, ma solo in

superficie. Forti differenze culturali spiegano

l'enfasi in questi ultimi sui valori della famiglia

minacciati, sul matrimonio e sull'adulterio, sul

tradimento e sulla gelosia, spesso associati alla

natura sensuale (e quindi pericolosa) delle donne,

che induce a comportamenti peccaminosi (nella

tradizione cattolica) e persino all'omicidio,

sebbene la risoluzione finale di solito implichi la

(ri)affermazione dei valori tradizionali della

famiglia patriarcale sancita dal matrimonio.

The themes and topics of melodrama include

characters who are usually either good or bad

(but can also change quite unexpectedly in the

course of time); women who are often victims

(of men's actions); a chain of dramatic, often

catastrophic but also at times providential,

events; a possible series of (unlikely)

coincidences; a happy ending, which rather

hastily solves the painful contradictions we

have witnessed all through the movie. The

themes are treated with strong emphasis on

feelings and passions, stressing the pathos

associated with both love and violence. All in

all, some basic themes and topics seem to be

shared by both Hollywood and Italian

melodramas - but only on the surface. Strong

cultural differences explain the emphasis in the

latter on family values being threatened, on

marriage and adultery, on betrayal and

jealousy, often associated with women's sensual

(and thus dangerous) nature, leading to sinful

behaviour (in the prevailing Catholic tradition)

and even murder, although the final resolution

usually implies the (re)affirmation of

traditional values embodied in the patriarchal

family sanctioned by religious marriage.

85

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