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Film genres: features, functions, evolution

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

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I generi cinematografici: caratteristiche, funzioni, evoluzione

Film genres: features, functions, evolution

cinemafocus.eu

Titanic segna la fine del secolo scorso con i tratti

di un blockbuster di grande successo che combina

tutta la tensione e l'ansia del "film catastrofico"

con l'altrettanto potente romanticismo di

un'appassionata storia d'amore - due ingredienti

che si aiutano a vicenda per aggiornare entrambi i

generi classici in una nuova versione per il 21°

secolo. Allo stesso tempo, a questa combinazione

di generi viene concesso un nuovo inizio,

combinando una tragedia storica con la potenza

del conflitto di classe sociale, rendendo così la

storia d'amore più integrata sia con il contesto

sociale che con la triste storia dei due sfortunati

personaggi.

The Blair Witch Project è stato uno dei primi film

per il quale è stato coniato un nuovo termine

descrittivo (un nuovo genere?) - mockumentary -

che significa un falso documentario presentato

come un vero filmato. Questo "progetto"

probabilmente non avrebbe mai potuto avere il

suo straordinario successo se il suo lancio non

fosse stato in grado di trarre profitto da una

massiccia campagna pubblicitaria su Internet, che

aveva lo scopo di diffondere la voce che tutto ciò

che veniva mostrato era reale. Quello che colpisce

di più in questo tipo di esperimento è il sapiente

montaggio del "filmato", presentato come le

registrazioni, realizzate attraverso una handycam e

una telecamera 16mm, fatte da tre studenti alla

ricerca di una mitica strega presumibilmente

responsabile dell'uccisione seriale di bambini. I

titoli di testa affermano infatti che il materiale è

stato ritrovato un anno dopo la tragica scomparsa

degli studenti, con l'ulteriore effetto di suggerire

che non siano mai più tornati, aggiungendo così

suspense e orrore all'intera operazione: un revival

dell'horror classico, dove la maggior parte

dell'azione si svolge fuori campo, con un punto di

vista soggettivo, e in cui i lunghi dialoghi tra i

personaggi non aggiungono quasi nulla alla

soluzione del mistero (che per la natura stessa del

"progetto" rimane irrisolto). Il film, con il suo

enorme successo di botteghino, ha quasi dato il

via a un nuovo genere: il cosiddetto "found

footage" come base per finte storie di tipo

documentaristico (combinate, come si può

facilmente immaginare, con ogni sorta di effetti

speciali digitali) .

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However, the movie also makes references to

other genres, like thriller, "disaster movie" and

even melodrama, and shows a high level of

self-awareness and cinephile consciousness,

with a masterful use of suspense and a careful

balance between violence and irony.

Titanic marks the end of the last century with

the features of a highly successful blockbuster

which combines all the tension and anxiety of

the "disaster movie" with the equally powerful

romance of a passionate love story - two

ingredients which help each other to update

both classical genres in a new 21st century

version. At the same time, this combination of

genres is granted a fresh start by combining a

historical tragedy with the power of social

class conflict, thus making the love story more

integrated with both the social context and the

sad story of the two ill-fated characters.

The Blair Witch Project was one one of the first

movies for which a new descriptive term (a new

genre?) was coined - mockumentary - meaning

a fake documentary which is presented as real

footage. This "project" could probably never

have had its extraordinary success if its lauch

had not been able to profit from a massive

Internet publicity campaign, which was meant

to spread the voice that all that was shown was

real. What strikes most about this sort of

experiment is the clever editing of the

"footage", presented as the recordings, made

through a handycam and a 16mm camera by

three students searching for a mythical witch

supposedly responsible for the serial killing of

children. The opening credits actually state that

the material was found a year after the tragic

disappearance of the students, with the

additional effect of suggesting that they never

came back, thus adding to the suspense and

horror of the whole operation: a revival of the

classical horror, where most action takes place

off screen, with a subjective viewpoint, and in

which the lengthy dialogues between the

characters add almost nothing to the solution

of the mystery (which by the very nature of the

"project" remains unsolved). The film, with its

huge box office success, almost started a new

genre: the so-called "found footage" as the

basis for fake documentary-like stories

(combined with all sorts of digital effects).

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