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Film genres: features, functions, evolution

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

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cinemafocus.eu

I generi cinematografici: caratteristiche, funzioni, evoluzione

Film genres: features, functions, evolution

solo se danno risposte corrette a domande sui film

horror... quasi un gioco da cinefili. Ancora una

volta, il tocco ironico aggiunge un'altra

dimensione di significato e intrattenimento

all'intera miscela.

Thelma & Louise è la storia di due casalinghe

(Susan Sarandon e Geena Davis) che decidono di

prendersi una pausa dalla routine quotidiana e

intraprendono un viaggio durante il quale

incontreranno sia la violenza di una società

maschilista sia l'eccitazione di "liberarsi" dalle

regole e dalle convenzioni della stessa società -

anche se questo trasformerà il loro viaggio in una

tragedia. Al momento della sua uscita, il film

suscitò scalpore e proteste, con movimenti

reazionari che lo definirono un esempio di

"femminismo criminale". Questo film, infatti, un

road movie interamente nelle mani di due donne, è

stato probabilmente il primo esempio di "buddy

movie" al femminile, genere che mette insieme

due personaggi molto diversi (per età, classe, etnia

e genere) ma che condividono un lavoro o uno

scopo comune nella vita. Hollywood aveva fornito

molti esempi di tali "compagni", a cominciare, per

esempio, dalle prime apparizioni di Stanlio e Ollio

o di Gianni e Pinotto, e proseguendo con

accoppiamenti musicali/comici come Bing Crosby

e Bob Hope o Dean Martin e Jerry Lewis; più

recentemente, Paul Newman e Robert Redford

avevano recitato in un western (Butch Cassidy, di

George Roy Hill, USA 1969) e Nick Nolte e Eddie

Murphy in un film d'azione poliziesco (48 ore, di

Walter Hill, USA 1982). Thelma & Louise,

invece, mescola progressivamente commedia e

dramma, raggiungendo nel finale una dimensione

quasi epica.

Un altro blockbuster che ha generato diversi

sequel, Die hard mescola ancora una volta

brillantemente le imprese adrenaliniche dei film

d'azione con i tocchi tipicamente comici degli

anni '80, fornendo una nuova dimensione a

entrambi i generi. Tuttavia, il film fa anche

riferimento ad altri generi, come il thriller, il "film

catastrofico" e persino il melodramma, e mostra

un alto livello di autoreferenzialità e di coscienza

cinefila, con un uso magistrale della suspense e un

attento equilibrio tra violenza e ironia.

81

through constant self-awareness of the

elements that make up (and made up) a

classical horror. Reflexivity is here at a

maximum level, since the the young people who

are the victim of the monster can find a way to

save themselves only if they give correct

answers to questions about horror movies ...

almost a cinephile's game. Again, the ironical

touch adds another dimension of meaning and

entertainment to the whole mixture.

Thelma & Louise is the story of two housewives

(Susan Sarandon and Geena Davis) who decide

to take a break from their daily routine and

embark on a trip during which they will

encounter both the violence of a man-centred

society and the excitement of "breaking free"

from the rules and conventions of the same

society - even if this will turn their trip into a

tragedy. At the time of its release, the movie

caused sensation and protests, with reactionary

movements calling it an example of "criminal

feminism". As a matter of fact, this film, a road

movie entirely in the hands of two women, was

probably the first example of a female "buddy

movie", a genre which pairs together two

characters who are quite different (in terms of

age, class, ethnic background and gender) but

share a common job or purpose in life.

Hollywood had provided many examples of

such "buddies", starting, for example, with the

early appearances of Laurel and Hardy or

Abbot and Costello, and going on with

musical/comic pairings like Bing Crosby and

Bob Hope or Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis;

more recently, Paul Newman and Robert

Redford had starred in a western (Butch

Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, by George Roy

Hill, USA 1969) and Nick Nolte and Eddie

Murphy in a police action/drama (48 hours, by

Walter Hill, USA 1982). Thelma & Louise,

however, progressively mixes comedy and

drama, reaching an almost epic dimension at

the end.

Another blockbuster which spawned several

sequels, Die hard once again brillliantly mixes

the adrenaline-packed exploits of action movies

with the typically comic touches of the '80s,

providing a new dimension to both genres.

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