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Film genres: features, functions, evolution

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

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I generi cinematografici: caratteristiche, funzioni, evoluzione

Film genres: features, functions, evolution

cinemafocus.eu

Italiano English

The Blair Witch Project - Il mistero della strega di Blair/The Blair Witch Project (di/by Daniel

Myrick e/and Eduardo Sanchez, USA 1999)

La saga di Indiana Jones sfrutta motivi e

convenzioni di diversi generi del passato nella

realizzazione di quello che è un perfetto esempio

dei blockbuster dell'ultima parte del XX secolo:

questi includono riferimenti alle ambientazioni

esotiche tipiche di film, cartoni animati e "graphic

novel" degli anni '30, al "nuovo horror" che

cominciava a emergere dagli anni '70, tocchi di

comicità (anche di farsa), tracce di avventura

epica a sfondo storico e colpi di scena/thriller che

ne fanno un prodotto colmo di azione. Inoltre,

Indiana Jones, come James Bond, è stato

trasformato in un personaggio a sé stante,

iniziando un ciclo che avrebbe dato vita a diversi

sequel con il relativo "franchise". I tocchi ironici

che sono una caratteristica distintiva di Indiana

Jones mostrano anche un livello di riflessività e

autocoscienza che è un altro punto di riferimento

di una nuova generazione di film di Hollywood

(oltre che un prerequisito per il successo di temi e

convenzioni di molti film classici di genere).

Anche Scream si è rivelato subito popolare e ha

generato una serie di sequel, segno che questa

forma di horror rinata stava incontrando la

sensibilità delle nuove generazioni di (giovani)

spettatori, che erano pronti a dire, come abbiamo

notato, "Questa è una forma troppo infantile di ciò

in cui crediamo. Mostraci qualcosa di più

complicato." In effetti, questo nuovo pubblico

chiedeva un piacere di livello superiore -

l'eccitazione di riconoscere i temi e le convenzioni

del passato e persino di riderci sopra. Scream

fornisce quindi un attento equilibrio tra ansia e

comicità, e questo si ottiene attraverso la costante

autocoscienza degli elementi che compongono (e

componevano) un horror classico. La riflessività

qui è ai massimi livelli, poiché i giovani vittime

del mostro possono trovare il modo di salvarsi

80

The Indiana Jones saga feeds motifs and

conventions from several past genres into the

making of what is a perfect example of the

blockbusters of the latter part of the 20th

century: these include references to the exotic

settings typical of movies, cartoons and

"graphic novls" of the 1930s, to the "new

horror" which was beginning to surface since

the '70s, touches of comedy (even of slapstick),

traces of epic adventure with a

historical background and thriller twists and

turns of the plot which make it an actionpacked

product. Besides, Indiana Jones, like

James Bond, has been turned into a selfstanding

character, initiating a cycle which

would give birth to several sequels with the

associated "franchise". The ironical touches

which are a distinctive feature of Indiana Jones

also show a level of reflexivity and selfconsciousness

which is another landmark of a

new generation of Hollywood movies (as well

as a prerequisite to the successful revival of

themes and conventions of many classical film

genres).

Scream, too, proved immediately popular and

generated a number of sequels - a sign that this

revived form of horror was meeting the

sensibilities of new generations of (young)

viewers, who were ready to say, as we noted,

"That's too infantile a form of what we believe.

Show us something more complicated." As a

matter of fact, these new audiences were

actually asking for a higher-level pleasure - the

excitement to recognize past themes and

conventions and even to laugh about them.

Scream thus provides a careful balance of

anxiety and comic relief, and this is achieved

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