05.02.2022 Views

Film genres: features, functions, evolution

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

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I generi cinematografici: caratteristiche, funzioni, evoluzione

Film genres: features, functions, evolution

cinemafocus.eu

Esempi di categorie, ampie e ristrette

"Raggruppamento per periodo o paese (film

americani degli anni '30), per regista o star o

produttore o scrittore o studio, per processo

tecnico (film Cinemascope), per ciclo (i film "da

spiaggia"), per serie (i film di 007), per stile

(espressionismo tedesco), per struttura

(narrativa), per ideologia (cinema reaganiano),

per luogo ("film per drive-in"), per scopo (filmati

amatoriali), per pubblico ("teen pictures"), per

argomento o tema (film per famiglie, film di

politica)." (Nota 2)

"Mentre alcuni generi sono basati sul contenuto

della storia (il film di guerra), altri sono presi in

prestito dalla letteratura (commedia,

melodramma) o da altri media (il musical).

Alcuni sono basati sugli attori (i film di Astaire-

Rogers) o basati sul budget (blockbuster), mentre

altri si basano sullo status artistico (il film

d'arte), l'identità razziale (il cinema nero), i

luoghi (il western) o l'orientamento sessuale (il

cinema queer)." (Nota 3)

Examples of categories, broad and narrow

"Grouping by period or country (American

films of the 1930s), by director or star or

producer or writer or studio, by technical

process (Cinemascope films), by cycle (the

'fallen women' films), by series (the 007

movies), by style (German Expressionism), by

structure (narrative), by ideology (Reaganite

cinema), by

venue ('drive-in movies'), by purpose (home

movies), by audience ('teenpix'), by subject or

theme (family film, paranoid-politics

movies)." (Note 2)

"While some genres are based on story content

(the war film), other are borrowed from

literature (comedy, melodrama) or from other

media (the musical). Some are performerbased

(the Astaire-Rogers films) or budgetbased

(blockbusters), while others are based on

artistic status (the art film), racial identity

(Black cinema), location (the Western) or

sexual orientation (Queer cinema)." (Note 3)

"Prima di parlare di sottogeneri specifici,

dovremmo forse parlare solo di tre forme

cinematografiche molto basilari o principali: film

narrativo, film d'avanguardia/sperimentale e film

documentario... La "non-fiction" è collegata a

quei discorsi che fanno affermazioni esplicite

sulla realtà e la "fiction" a discorsi che non lo

fanno, una distinzione tra una modalità assertiva

e una fittizia, in cui lo spettatore tratta il

riferimento dal testo alla realtà in due modi

fondamentalmente diversi.Questa distinzione tra

due modalità è inserita nel nostro quadro

cognitivo ed è correlata alla distinzione tra una

modalità di "fantasia" e una modalità di realtà"

(Nota 4)

"Before we talk about specific subgenres, we

should perhaps talk about only three, very

basic or principal film forms: narrative film,

avant-garde/experimental film, and

documentary film ... Nonfiction is related to

those discourses that make explicit claims

about reality and fiction to discourses that do

not, a distinction between an assertive and a

fictional mode, in which the spectator treats

the reference from text to reality in two

fundamentally different ways. This distinction

between two modes is imbedded in our

cognitive framework and is related

to the distinction between a play mode and a

reality mode" (Note 4)

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