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Film genres: features, functions, evolution

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

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I generi cinematografici: caratteristiche, funzioni, evoluzione

Film genres: features, functions, evolution

cinemafocus.eu

Praticamente ogni genere ha dato origine a

parodie corrispondenti, che a volte hanno avuto

molto successo come film "originali" a sé stanti.

Gli esempi includono l'horror, il western e i

cosiddetti "film catastrofici", diventati popolari

negli anni '70 (si vedano i video qui sotto).

their own right. Examples include the horror, the

western and the so-called "disaster movies",

which had became popular in the 1970s (watch

the videos below).

Trailer italiano

English trailer

Frankenstein Junior/Young Frankenstein (di/by Mel Brooks, USA 1974)

Mezzogiorno e mezzo di fuoco/Blazing

saddles (di/by Mel Brooks, USA 1974)

L'aereo più pazzo del mondo/Airplane! (di/by

Zucker-Abrahams-Zucker, USA 1980)

Un tipo particolare e più sottile di parodia o

satira non implica necessariamente un intento

comico, ma piuttosto una sofisticata

rielaborazione delle convenzioni di un genere -

che richiede, in primo luogo, una profonda

consapevolezza e conoscenza di tali

convenzioni e la capacità di manipolarli con

grande abilità e perizia e, in secondo luogo,

una trattazione più profonda e sottile

dell'argomento (che l'intento comico, qui

carente, rende un po' più facile ed evidente).

Anche da parte degli spettatori, tali parodie

richiedono la capacità di riconoscere l'intento

parodistico dietro la "facciata" e apprezzare

l'operazione complessiva svolta dal

regista/sceneggiatore. Un classico esempio è

Zelig (si veda il video in basso a sinistra), che è

diventato noto come "mockumentary", ovvero

un falso documentario biografico che

costruisce una falsa biografia di una persona

presumibilmente famosa - invitando gli

spettatori a credere in ciò che vedono e

sentono, ma anche spingendoli ad apprezzare

62

A particular, subtler kind of parody or satire

does not necessarily imply a comic intent, but

rather a sophisticated re-working of the

conventions of a genre - which requires, in the

first place, a thorough awareness and

knowledge of such conventions and the ability

to manipulate them with great skills and

expertise, and in the second place, a deeper,

subtler treatment of the subject matter (which

the comic intent, here lacking, makes

somewhat easier and more evident). On the

viewers' part, too, such parodies require an

ability to recognize the parodical intent behind

the "façade" and appreciate the overall

operation carried out by the

director/screenwriter. A classic example is

Zelig (watch the video below right), which is

what has become to be known as

"mockumentary", i.e. a false biographical

documentary which builds a fake biography of

a supposedly famous person - inviting viewers

to believe in what they see and hear, but also

prompting them to appreciate the subtle re-

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