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Film genres: features, functions, evolution

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

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I generi cinematografici: caratteristiche, funzioni, evoluzione

Film genres: features, functions, evolution

cinemafocus.eu

Part 3

12. Una prospettiva storica

12. A historical perspective

Per apprezzare appieno il significato e il valore

dei generi cinematografici è importante

considerarli attraverso la storia del cinema - il

che significa chiedersi quando e come è nato un

determinato genere, la sua popolarità e la

variabilità della sua attrattiva di massa, se ha

subito cambiamenti e perché, se e quando è

diventato obsoleto e alla fine è scomparso, e se

le sue caratteristiche sono state incorporate in un

genere simile o diverso. Rispondere a domande

così complesse implica naturalmente un costante

riferimento agli aspetti di cui abbiamo già

parlato, ovvero i tratti essenziali di un genere

(nella Prima parte di questo Dossier) e le sue

funzioni economiche, socio-culturali e

comunicative (nella Seconda parte).

To fully appreciate the meaning and value of

film genres it is important to consider them

through the history of cinema - which means

asking ourselves when and how a particular

genre came into being, its popularity and the

variability of its mass appeal, whether it

underwent changes and why, if and when it

became obsolescent and eventually disappeared,

and whether its features were incorporated into

a similar or different genre. Answering such

complex questions naturally implies constant

reference to the aspects which we have already

discussed, namely the essential features of a

genre (in Part 1 of this Dossier) and its

economic, socio-cultural and communicative

functions (in Part 2).

12.1. La prospettiva evolutiva

12.1. The evolutionary perspective

Quando il concetto di "evoluzione" viene

applicato a un genere cinematografico, possiamo

vederlo apparire in un determinato momento

temporale in opposizione (o in concorrenza con)

altri film simili precedenti o contemporanei, dai

quali si differenzia progressivamente fino a

raggiungere una forma riconoscibile e originale.

Questa forma viene poi ripetuta con successo

attraverso una successione di film fino a

diventare una sorta di "canone" o "modello". La

popolarità di questo nuovo genere porta con sé

una serie di imitatori che trasformano l'originale

in uno stereotipo: in questa fase, diventa il

bersaglio di altre forme più innovative, che

fanno perdere all'originale il suo impatto. La

nuova forma si trasforma in un nuovo genere e

inizia un processo simile. Questa prospettiva

vede l'innovazione e la competizione come gli

agenti chiave, attraverso i quali un (nuovo)

genere raggiunge il suo status originale e lo

perde sotto la pressione di (nuove) forme più

potenti.

When the concept of "evolution" is applied to a

film genre, we can see it as appearing at a

particular moment in time in opposition to (or in

competition with) other previous or

contemporary similar films, from which it

progressively differentiates itself until it achieves

a recognizable, original form. This form is then

successfully repeated through a succession of

movies until it becomes a sort of "canon" or

"blueprint". The popularity of this new genre

brings along a number of imitators which turn

the original into a stereotype: at this stage, it

becomes the target of other, more innovatve

forms, which causes the original to lose its

impact. The new form turns into a new genre and

begins a similar process. This perspective views

innovation and competition as the key agents,

through which a (new) genre both achieves its

original status and loses it under the pressure of

(new) more powerful forms.

The evolutionary view thus identifies different

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