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Film genres: features, functions, evolution

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

This Interactive workshop aims at exploring the origin of genres, their functions in cinema and their evolution, with particular emphasis on the latest developments. We first ask why we need genres at all and examine the variety of classification criteria that can be used. Then we focus on the specific features of genre films, analysing their conventions and their narrative structures. We then explore how different agents (from producers to audiences, from critics to film scholars) have used and still use genres, and highlight their economic, sociocultural and communicative functions. Finally, by taking a historical perspective, we explore how genres have evolved in the course of time and how modern cinema extensively use genre mixing and hybridization, thus pointing to the future of this important but complex category of film analysis. Part of the www.cinemafocus.eu research materials.

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cinemafocus.eu

I generi cinematografici: caratteristiche, funzioni, evoluzione

Film genres: features, functions, evolution

UN MOMENTO PER RIFLETTERE

STOP AND THINK

* Hai qualche film horror e/o western preferito? * Have you got any favourite horror and/or

Riassumi brevemente la loro trama e poi prova ad western movies? Briefly summarize their plot

analizzare la loro struttura narrativa seguendo la and then try to analyse their narrative structure

discussione e gli esempi in questa sezione. following the discussion and the examples in

* Sei d'accordo che tali film possano essere this section.

considerati esempi rappresentativi del loro genere? * Do you agree that such films can be

* Quali altri film ti vengono in mente che considered as representative examples of their

potrebbero facilmente essere inseriti negli stessi genre?

generi?

* Which other films come to your mind that

could easily be fitted into the same genre(s)?

6. Il film come testo: gli approcci semanticostrutturali

6. Film as text: semantic-structural

approaches

Nel discorso quotidiano, i generi sono spesso

identificati facendo riferimento all'argomento e/o

al tema che trattano, ad es. l'incontro con gli alieni

nei film di fantascienza, la ricerca del criminale

nei film thriller e polizieschi, il tema "ragazzo

incontra ragazza" nelle commedie romantiche,

l'ascesa e la caduta di un gangster nei film di

gangster, e così via. Come ha osservato Stam

(Nota 3), sebbene l'argomento sembri essere, in

superficie, il candidato più probabile come criterio

di base per raggruppare i film, in realtà pone

l'importante questione di come viene affrontato

l'argomento (il contenuto tematico). Ciò ha portato

Rick Altman, uno dei principali studiosi del

settore, a suggerire che

"... Si pensa che i generi risiedano in un

particolare argomento e struttura o in un corpus

di film che condividono un argomento e una

struttura specifici. Cioè, per essere riconosciuti

come genere, i film devono avere sia un

argomento comune ... che una struttura comune,

un modo comune di configurare quell'argomento.

Anche quando i film condividono un argomento

comune, non saranno percepiti come membri di

un genere a meno che quell'argomento non riceva

sistematicamente un trattamento dello stesso tipo"

(Nota 11)

23

In popular discourse, genres are often

identified by referring to the topic and/or

theme that they deal with, e.g. the meeting with

aliens in science-fiction films, the search for

the criminal in thriller and detective films, the

"boy-meets-girl" theme in romantic comedies,

the rise and fall of a gangster in ganster films,

and so on. As Stam (Note 3) has observed,

although topic seems to be, on the surface, the

most likely candidate as a basic criterion for

grouping films, it really begs the important

question of how the topic (the thematic content)

is dealt with. This has led Rick Altman, one of

the leading scholars in the field, to suggest that

"... Genres are thought to reside in a particular

topic and structure or in a corpus of films that

share a specific topic and structure. That is, in

order to be recognized as a genre, films must

have both a common topic ... and a common

structure, a common way of configuring that

topic. Even when films share a common topic,

they will not be perceived as members of a

genre unless that topic systematically receives

treatment of the same type" (Note 11)

Semantic-structural approaches to the study of

genre consider not just semantic elements

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