Emotional inteligence
618/6619. Of the dozen or so studies of hostility and death from heartdisease, some have failed to find a link. But that failuremay be due to differences in method, such as using a poormeasure of hostility, and to the relative subdety of the effect.For instance, the greatest number of deaths from thehostility effect seem to occur in midlife. If a study fails totrack down the causes of death for people during this period,it misses the effect.10. Hostility and heart disease: Redford Williams, The TrustingHeart (New York: Times Books/Random House, 1989).11. Peter Kaufman: I interviewed Dr. Kaufman in The NewYork Times (Sept. 1, 1992).12. Stanford study of anger and second heart attacks: CarlThoreson, presented at the International Congress of BehavioralMedicine, Uppsala, Sweden (July 1990).13. Lynda H. Powell, Emotional Arousal as a Predictor ofLong-Term Mortality and Morbidity in Post M.I. Men,"Circulation, vol. 82, no. 4, Supplement III, Oct. 1990.14. Murray A. Mittleman, "Triggering of Myocardial InfarctionOnset by Episodes of Anger," Circulation, vol. 89, no. 2(1994).15. Suppressing anger raises blood pressure: Robert Levenson,"Can We Control Our Emotions, and How Does Such ControlChange an Emotional Episode?" in Richard Davidsonand Paul Ekman, eds., Fundamental Questions AboutEmotions (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).
619/66116. The angry personal style: I wrote about Redford Williams'sresearch on anger and the heart in The New York TimesGood Health Magazine (Kpx. 16, 1989).17. A 44 percent reduction in second heart attacks: Thoreson,op. cit.18. Dr. Williams's program for anger control: Williams, TheTrusting Heart.19. The worried woman: Timothy Brown et al., "GeneralizedAnxiety Disorder," in David H. Barlow, ed., Clinical Handbookof Psychological Disorders (New York: GuilfordPress, 1993).20. Stress and metastasis: Bruce McEwen and Eliot Stellar,"Stress and the Individual: Mechanisms Leading toDisease," Archives of Internal Medicine 153 (Sept.27,1993). The study they are describing is M. Robertsonand J. Ritz, "Biology and Clinical Relevance of Human NaturalKiller Cells," Blood 76 (1990).21. There may be multiple reasons why people under stress aremore vulnerable to sickness, apart from biological pathways.One might be that the ways people try to soothe theiranxiety—for example, smoking, drinking, or bingeing onfatty foods—are in themselves unhealthy. Still another isthat constant worry and anxiety can make people lose sleepor forget to comply with medical regimens—such as takingmedications—and so prolong illnesses they already have.Most likely, all of these work in tandem to link stress anddisease.
- Page 568 and 569: 568/661corticomedial area of the am
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- Page 584 and 585: 584/661• Increased ability to "si
- Page 586 and 587: 586/6616. Only in adults: An observ
- Page 588 and 589: 588/661About Emotion. New York: Oxf
- Page 590 and 591: 590/6616. Unconscious preferences:
- Page 592 and 593: 592/661the amygdala are especially
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- Page 600 and 601: 13. Therapies for anxiety disorder:
- Page 602 and 603: 602/6618. SAT scores of impulsive a
- Page 604 and 605: 26. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Flow:
- Page 606 and 607: 8. Stern, op. cit.606/6619. The dep
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- Page 624 and 625: 624/661cortisol, and catecholamines
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- Page 628 and 629: 628/661teachers had said were the m
- Page 630 and 631: 630/6618. Some of the evidence for
- Page 632 and 633: 632/661there is something reminisce
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- Page 644 and 645: 644/661Adolescents," Journal of Abn
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- Page 652 and 653: 652/6617. While it may seem self-ev
- Page 654 and 655: 654/661heightened social and emotio
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- Page 658 and 659: By the same authorVital Lies, Simpl
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619/661
16. The angry personal style: I wrote about Redford Williams's
research on anger and the heart in The New York Times
Good Health Magazine (Kpx. 16, 1989).
17. A 44 percent reduction in second heart attacks: Thoreson,
op. cit.
18. Dr. Williams's program for anger control: Williams, The
Trusting Heart.
19. The worried woman: Timothy Brown et al., "Generalized
Anxiety Disorder," in David H. Barlow, ed., Clinical Handbook
of Psychological Disorders (New York: Guilford
Press, 1993).
20. Stress and metastasis: Bruce McEwen and Eliot Stellar,
"Stress and the Individual: Mechanisms Leading to
Disease," Archives of Internal Medicine 153 (Sept.
27,1993). The study they are describing is M. Robertson
and J. Ritz, "Biology and Clinical Relevance of Human Natural
Killer Cells," Blood 76 (1990).
21. There may be multiple reasons why people under stress are
more vulnerable to sickness, apart from biological pathways.
One might be that the ways people try to soothe their
anxiety—for example, smoking, drinking, or bingeing on
fatty foods—are in themselves unhealthy. Still another is
that constant worry and anxiety can make people lose sleep
or forget to comply with medical regimens—such as taking
medications—and so prolong illnesses they already have.
Most likely, all of these work in tandem to link stress and
disease.