Emotional inteligence
568/661corticomedial area of the amygdala, and tastes and messagesfrom the viscera go to the central area. These incomingsignals make the amygdala a continual sentinel,scrutinizing every sensory experience.From the amygdala projections extend out to everymajor part of the brain. From the central and medialareas a branch goes to the areas of the hypothalamusthat secrete the body's emergency-response substance,corticotropm-releasing hormone (CRH), which mobilizesthe fight-or-flight reaction via a cascade of otherhormones. The amygdala's basal area sends outbranches to the corpus striatum, linking into the brain'ssystem for movement. And, via the nearby central nucleus,the amygdala sends signals to the autonomicnervous system via the medulla, activating a wide rangeof far-flung responses in the cardiovascular system, themuscles, and the gut.From the amygdala's basolateral area, arms go to thecingulate cortex and to the fibers known as the "centralgray," cells that regulate the large muscles of the skeleton.It is these cells that make a dog snarl or that arch theback of a cat threatening an interloper on its territory.In humans these same circuits tighten the muscles ofthe vocal cords, creating the high-pitched voice of fright.Still another pathway from the amygdala leads to thelocus ceruleus in the brainstem, which in turn
569/661manufactures norepinephrine (also called "nor-adrenaline")and disperses it throughout the brain. The net effectof norepinephrine is to heighten the overall reactivityof the brain areas that receive it, making the sensorycircuits more sensitive. Norepinephrine suffuses thecortex, the brainstem, and the limbic system itself, in essencesetting the brain on edge. Now even the ordinarycreaking of the house can send a tremor of fear coursingthrough you. Most of these changes go on outsideawareness, so that you are not yet aware you feel fear.But as you begin to actually feel fear—that is, as theanxiety that had been unconscious pierces awareness—theamygdala seamlessly commands a wide-rangingresponse. It signals cells in the brainstem to put afearful expression on your face, make you edgy and easilystartled, freeze unrelated movements your muscleshad underway, speed your heart rate and raise yourblood pressure, and slow your breathing (you may noticeyourself suddenly holding your breath when youfirst feel fearful, all the better to hear more clearly whatit is you are fearful of). That is only one part of a wide,carefully coordinated array of changes the amygdala andconnected areas orchestrate as they commandeer thebrain in a crisis.Meanwhile the amygdala, along with the interconnectedhippocampus, directs the cells that send key
- Page 518 and 519: 518/661from the basics for yet anot
- Page 520 and 521: negotiated. And since that is an ap
- Page 522 and 523: 522/661Such interventions work best
- Page 524 and 525: 524/661school, Hamburg notes, are a
- Page 526 and 527: 526/661By fourth and fifth grade, a
- Page 528 and 529: 528/661into incidents like the hall
- Page 530 and 531: 530/661I don't try to do the negati
- Page 532 and 533: 532/661important for those prone to
- Page 534 and 535: New Haven schools, when teachers fi
- Page 536 and 537: 536/661responsible adults volunteer
- Page 538 and 539: 538/661such as problems with girlfr
- Page 540 and 541: 540/661The story seems innocuous en
- Page 542 and 543: • Better able to express anger ap
- Page 544 and 545: 544/661becoming better friends, stu
- Page 546 and 547: 546/661happens as children build th
- Page 548 and 549: 548/661and given the quantum of hop
- Page 550 and 551: APPENDIX AWhat Is Emotion?A word ab
- Page 552 and 553: 552/661feelings such as doubt, comp
- Page 554 and 555: APPENDIX BHallmarks of the Emotiona
- Page 556 and 557: 556/661overall picture or the most
- Page 558 and 559: 558/661emotional mind, the "first i
- Page 560 and 561: reactions. A few exceptions aside,
- Page 562 and 563: This childlike mode is self-confirm
- Page 564 and 565: we behave when enraged or dejected;
- Page 566 and 567: 566/661Say you're alone one night a
- Page 570 and 571: 570/661neurotransmitters, for examp
- Page 572 and 573: 572/661• Using steps for problem-
- Page 574 and 575: APPENDIX EThe Self ScienceCurriculu
- Page 576 and 577: 576/661SOURCE: Karen F. Stone and H
- Page 578 and 579: SOURCES: E. Schaps and V. Battistic
- Page 580 and 581: M. T. Greenberg and C. A. Kusche, P
- Page 582 and 583: 582/661RESULTS:• Improved problem
- Page 584 and 585: 584/661• Increased ability to "si
- Page 586 and 587: 586/6616. Only in adults: An observ
- Page 588 and 589: 588/661About Emotion. New York: Oxf
- Page 590 and 591: 590/6616. Unconscious preferences:
- Page 592 and 593: 592/661the amygdala are especially
- Page 594 and 595: 594/6613. Richard Herrnstein and Ch
- Page 596 and 597: used statistical methods to assess
- Page 598 and 599: 14. Unconscious fear: The snake stu
- Page 600 and 601: 13. Therapies for anxiety disorder:
- Page 602 and 603: 602/6618. SAT scores of impulsive a
- Page 604 and 605: 26. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Flow:
- Page 606 and 607: 8. Stern, op. cit.606/6619. The dep
- Page 608 and 609: 608/6612. The display rules are in
- Page 610 and 611: 610/6611. There are many ways to ca
- Page 612 and 613: 612/66114. Stonewalling: Gottman, W
- Page 614 and 615: 614/6614. The story of the sarcasti
- Page 616 and 617: Chapter 11. Mind and Medicine616/66
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corticomedial area of the amygdala, and tastes and messages
from the viscera go to the central area. These incoming
signals make the amygdala a continual sentinel,
scrutinizing every sensory experience.
From the amygdala projections extend out to every
major part of the brain. From the central and medial
areas a branch goes to the areas of the hypothalamus
that secrete the body's emergency-response substance,
corticotropm-releasing hormone (CRH), which mobilizes
the fight-or-flight reaction via a cascade of other
hormones. The amygdala's basal area sends out
branches to the corpus striatum, linking into the brain's
system for movement. And, via the nearby central nucleus,
the amygdala sends signals to the autonomic
nervous system via the medulla, activating a wide range
of far-flung responses in the cardiovascular system, the
muscles, and the gut.
From the amygdala's basolateral area, arms go to the
cingulate cortex and to the fibers known as the "central
gray," cells that regulate the large muscles of the skeleton.
It is these cells that make a dog snarl or that arch the
back of a cat threatening an interloper on its territory.
In humans these same circuits tighten the muscles of
the vocal cords, creating the high-pitched voice of fright.
Still another pathway from the amygdala leads to the
locus ceruleus in the brainstem, which in turn