Emotional inteligence
552/661feelings such as doubt, complacency, sloth, and torpor—orboredom? There are no clear answers; the scientificdebate on how to classify emotions continues.The argument for there being a handful of core emotionshinges to some extent on the discovery by Paul Ekman,at the University of California at San Francisco,that specific facial expressions for four of them (fear, anger,sadness, enjoyment) are recognized by people incultures around the world, including preliterate peoplespresumably untainted by exposure to cinema or television—suggestingtheir universality. Ekman showed facialphotos portraying expressions with technical precisionto people in cultures as remote as the Fore of NewGuinea, an isolated Stone Age tribe in the remote highlands,and found people everywhere recognized thesame basic emotions. This universality of facial expressionsfor emotion was probably first noted by Darwin,who saw it as evidence the forces of evolution hadstamped these signals in our central nervous system.In seeking basic principles, I follow Ekman and othersin thinking of emotions in terms of families or dimensions,taking the main families—anger, sadness, fear,enjoyment, love, shame, and so on—as cases in point forthe endless nuances of our emotional life. Each of thesefamilies has a basic emotional nucleus at its core, withits relatives rippling out from there in countless
553/661mutations. In the outer ripples are moods, which, technicallyspeaking, are more muted and last far longerthan an emotion (while it's relatively rare to be in thefull heat of anger all day, for example, it is not that rareto be in a grumpy, irritable mood, in which shorterbouts of anger are easily triggered). Beyond moods aretemperaments, the readiness to evoke a given emotionor mood that makes people melancholy, timid, orcheery. And still beyond such emotional dispositions arethe outright disorders of emotion such as clinical depressionor unremitting anxiety, in which someone feelsperpetually trapped in a toxic state.
- Page 502 and 503: ingrained; as experiences are repea
- Page 504 and 505: A POINT OF CONTENTION504/661But as
- Page 506 and 507: 506/661could also be part of lighte
- Page 508 and 509: 508/661spiral into aggression. Whil
- Page 510 and 511: These are the topics of gripping im
- Page 512 and 513: 512/661responsibility for decisions
- Page 514 and 515: 514/661twenty thousand people emplo
- Page 516 and 517: bring in pictures of a person's fac
- Page 518 and 519: 518/661from the basics for yet anot
- Page 520 and 521: negotiated. And since that is an ap
- Page 522 and 523: 522/661Such interventions work best
- Page 524 and 525: 524/661school, Hamburg notes, are a
- Page 526 and 527: 526/661By fourth and fifth grade, a
- Page 528 and 529: 528/661into incidents like the hall
- Page 530 and 531: 530/661I don't try to do the negati
- Page 532 and 533: 532/661important for those prone to
- Page 534 and 535: New Haven schools, when teachers fi
- Page 536 and 537: 536/661responsible adults volunteer
- Page 538 and 539: 538/661such as problems with girlfr
- Page 540 and 541: 540/661The story seems innocuous en
- Page 542 and 543: • Better able to express anger ap
- Page 544 and 545: 544/661becoming better friends, stu
- Page 546 and 547: 546/661happens as children build th
- Page 548 and 549: 548/661and given the quantum of hop
- Page 550 and 551: APPENDIX AWhat Is Emotion?A word ab
- Page 554 and 555: APPENDIX BHallmarks of the Emotiona
- Page 556 and 557: 556/661overall picture or the most
- Page 558 and 559: 558/661emotional mind, the "first i
- Page 560 and 561: reactions. A few exceptions aside,
- Page 562 and 563: This childlike mode is self-confirm
- Page 564 and 565: we behave when enraged or dejected;
- Page 566 and 567: 566/661Say you're alone one night a
- Page 568 and 569: 568/661corticomedial area of the am
- Page 570 and 571: 570/661neurotransmitters, for examp
- Page 572 and 573: 572/661• Using steps for problem-
- Page 574 and 575: APPENDIX EThe Self ScienceCurriculu
- Page 576 and 577: 576/661SOURCE: Karen F. Stone and H
- Page 578 and 579: SOURCES: E. Schaps and V. Battistic
- Page 580 and 581: M. T. Greenberg and C. A. Kusche, P
- Page 582 and 583: 582/661RESULTS:• Improved problem
- Page 584 and 585: 584/661• Increased ability to "si
- Page 586 and 587: 586/6616. Only in adults: An observ
- Page 588 and 589: 588/661About Emotion. New York: Oxf
- Page 590 and 591: 590/6616. Unconscious preferences:
- Page 592 and 593: 592/661the amygdala are especially
- Page 594 and 595: 594/6613. Richard Herrnstein and Ch
- Page 596 and 597: used statistical methods to assess
- Page 598 and 599: 14. Unconscious fear: The snake stu
- Page 600 and 601: 13. Therapies for anxiety disorder:
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mutations. In the outer ripples are moods, which, technically
speaking, are more muted and last far longer
than an emotion (while it's relatively rare to be in the
full heat of anger all day, for example, it is not that rare
to be in a grumpy, irritable mood, in which shorter
bouts of anger are easily triggered). Beyond moods are
temperaments, the readiness to evoke a given emotion
or mood that makes people melancholy, timid, or
cheery. And still beyond such emotional dispositions are
the outright disorders of emotion such as clinical depression
or unremitting anxiety, in which someone feels
perpetually trapped in a toxic state.
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