Emotional inteligence
450/661But studies that have followed children from thepreschool years into the teenage ones find that up to halfof first graders who are disruptive, unable to get alongwith other kids, disobedient with their parents, and resistantwith teachers will become delinquents in theirteen years. 15 Of course, not all such aggressive childrenare on the trajectory that leads to violence and criminalityin later life. But of all children, these are the onesmost at risk for eventually committing violent crimes.The drift toward crime shows up surprisingly early inthese children's lives. When children in a Montrealkindergarten were rated for hostility and trouble making,those highest at age five already had far greaterevidence of delinquency just five to eight years later, intheir early teens. They were about three times as likelyas other children to admit they had beaten up someonewho had not done anything to them, to have shoplifted,to have used a weapon in a fight, to have broken into orstolen parts from a car, and to have been drunk—and allthis before they reached fourteen years of age. 16The prototypical pathway to violence and criminalitystarts with children who are aggressive and hard tohandle in first and second grade. 17 Typically, from theearliest school years their poor impulse control also contributesto their being poor students, seen as, and seeingthemselves as, "dumb"—a judgment confirmed by their
451/661being shunted to special-education classes (and thoughsuch children may have a higher rate of "hyperactivity"or learning disorders, by no means all do). Children whoon entering school already have learned in their homes a"coercive" style—that is, bullying—are also written off bytheir teachers, who have to spend too much time keepingthe children in line. The defiance of classroom rulesthat comes naturally to these children means that theywaste time that would otherwise be used in learning;their destined academic failure is usually obvious byabout third grade. While boys on a trajectory toward delinquencytend to have lower IQ scores than their peers,their impulsivity is more directly at cause: impulsivity inten-year-old boys is almost three times as powerful apredictor of their later delinquency as is their IQ. 18By fourth or fifth grade these kids—by now seen asbullies or just "difficult"—are rejected by their peers andare unable to make friends easily, if at all, and have becomeacademic failures. Feeling themselves friendless,they gravitate to other social outcasts. Between gradefour and grade nine they commit themselves to theiroutcast group and a life of defying the law: they show afive fold increase in their truancy, drinking, and drugtaking, with the biggest boost between seventh andeighth grade. By the middle-school years, they arejoined by another type of "late starters," who are
- Page 400 and 401: 400/661better outcome: sometimes in
- Page 402 and 403: ex-lover. The man brought them to a
- Page 404 and 405: 404/661friends and family to form a
- Page 406 and 407: 406/661The therapist encourages the
- Page 408 and 409: 408/661Aftereffects or occasional r
- Page 410 and 411: 410/661cannot keep it from reacting
- Page 412 and 413: 412/661habits of the heart learned
- Page 414 and 415: 414/661different pattern of brain a
- Page 416 and 417: 416/661monsters. Though he has felt
- Page 418 and 419: 418/661five infants falls into the
- Page 420 and 421: 420/661These sensitive children are
- Page 422 and 423: 422/661to help her up, and as I did
- Page 424 and 425: 424/661or the other type, says Davi
- Page 426 and 427: 426/661parents, and so how they lea
- Page 428 and 429: 428/661When the encounter takes pla
- Page 430 and 431: 430/661spontaneously outgrew their
- Page 432 and 433: 432/661was reopened, the animal was
- Page 434 and 435: The remarkable finding, though, was
- Page 436 and 437: 436/661switch for distress. The inf
- Page 438 and 439: 438/661emotional habits are malleab
- Page 440 and 441: 15The Cost of Emotional IlliteracyI
- Page 442 and 443: example, heroin and cocaine use amo
- Page 444 and 445: 444/661While any of these problems
- Page 446 and 447: both parents work long hours, so th
- Page 448 and 449: 448/661themselves as victims and ca
- Page 452 and 453: 452/661attracted to their defiant s
- Page 454 and 455: 454/661aggressive kids learn to con
- Page 456 and 457: 456/661Dana, sixteen, had always se
- Page 458 and 459: that predispose children to react t
- Page 460 and 461: 460/661worldwide. When I asked expe
- Page 462 and 463: 462/661more severe episodes later i
- Page 464 and 465: Indeed, when depressed children hav
- Page 466 and 467: 466/661when they get a worse grade
- Page 468 and 469: 468/661The good news: there is ever
- Page 470 and 471: Learning these emotional skills at
- Page 472 and 473: 472/661study allows a clean compari
- Page 474 and 475: 474/661observed that these girls "h
- Page 476 and 477: 476/661Ben then stalks off to his e
- Page 478 and 479: 478/661being sad, angry, or mischie
- Page 480 and 481: make the difference—even when all
- Page 482 and 483: 482/661the circle of friendship wit
- Page 484 and 485: 484/661One current scientific theor
- Page 486 and 487: 486/661helped ease their anxiety or
- Page 488 and 489: 488/661treated for addiction to her
- Page 490 and 491: 490/661core of resilience to surviv
- Page 492 and 493: ineffective. A few, to the chagrin
- Page 494 and 495: 494/661Those children who got the m
- Page 496 and 497: 496/661anxiety. A key ability in im
- Page 498 and 499: 16Schooling the EmotionsThe main ho
450/661
But studies that have followed children from the
preschool years into the teenage ones find that up to half
of first graders who are disruptive, unable to get along
with other kids, disobedient with their parents, and resistant
with teachers will become delinquents in their
teen years. 15 Of course, not all such aggressive children
are on the trajectory that leads to violence and criminality
in later life. But of all children, these are the ones
most at risk for eventually committing violent crimes.
The drift toward crime shows up surprisingly early in
these children's lives. When children in a Montreal
kindergarten were rated for hostility and trouble making,
those highest at age five already had far greater
evidence of delinquency just five to eight years later, in
their early teens. They were about three times as likely
as other children to admit they had beaten up someone
who had not done anything to them, to have shoplifted,
to have used a weapon in a fight, to have broken into or
stolen parts from a car, and to have been drunk—and all
this before they reached fourteen years of age. 16
The prototypical pathway to violence and criminality
starts with children who are aggressive and hard to
handle in first and second grade. 17 Typically, from the
earliest school years their poor impulse control also contributes
to their being poor students, seen as, and seeing
themselves as, "dumb"—a judgment confirmed by their