Emotional inteligence

aygun.shukurova
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04.02.2022 Views

The remarkable finding, though, was a PET scan testshowing that the behavior therapy patients had as significanta decrease in the activity of a key part of the emotionalbrain, the caudate nucleus, as did the patientssuccessfully treated with the drug fluoxetine. Their experiencehad changed brain function—and relievedsymptoms—as effectively as the medication!CRUCIAL WINDOWS434/661Of all species we humans take the longest for our brainsto fully mature. While each area of the brain develops ata different rate during childhood, the onset of pubertymarks one of the most sweeping periods of pruningthroughout the brain. Several brain areas critical foremotional life are among the slowest to mature. Whilethe sensory areas mature during early childhood, andthe limbic system by puberty, the frontal lobes—seat ofemotional self-control, understanding, and artful response—continueto develop into late adolescence, untilsomewhere between sixteen and eighteen years of age. 14The habits of emotional management that are repeatedover and over again during childhood and theteenage years will themselves help mold this circuitry.This makes childhood a crucial window of opportunityfor shaping lifelong emotional propensities; habits acquiredin childhood become set in the basic synaptic

435/661wiring of neural architecture, and are harder to changelater in life. Given the importance of the prefrontal lobesfor managing emotion, the very long window for synapticsculpting in this brain region may well mean that,in the grand design of the brain, a child's experiencesover the years can mold lasting connections in the regulatorycircuitry of the emotional brain. As we have seen,critical experiences include how dependable and responsiveto the child's needs parents are, the opportunitiesand guidance a child has in learning to handle herown distress and control impulse, and practice in empathy.By the same token, neglect or abuse, the misattunementof a self-absorbed or indifferent parent, orbrutal discipline can leave their imprint on the emotionalcircuitry. 15One of the most essential emotional lessons, firstlearned in infancy and refined throughout childhood, ishow to soothe oneself when upset. For very young infants,soothing comes from caretakers: a mother hearsher infant crying, picks him up, holds and rocks him untilhe calms down. This biological attunement, some theoristspropose, helps the child begin to learn how to dothe same for himself. 16 During a critical period betweenten and eighteen months, the orbitofrontal area of theprefrontal cortex is rapidly forming the connectionswith the limbic brain that will make it a key on/off

The remarkable finding, though, was a PET scan test

showing that the behavior therapy patients had as significant

a decrease in the activity of a key part of the emotional

brain, the caudate nucleus, as did the patients

successfully treated with the drug fluoxetine. Their experience

had changed brain function—and relieved

symptoms—as effectively as the medication!

CRUCIAL WINDOWS

434/661

Of all species we humans take the longest for our brains

to fully mature. While each area of the brain develops at

a different rate during childhood, the onset of puberty

marks one of the most sweeping periods of pruning

throughout the brain. Several brain areas critical for

emotional life are among the slowest to mature. While

the sensory areas mature during early childhood, and

the limbic system by puberty, the frontal lobes—seat of

emotional self-control, understanding, and artful response—continue

to develop into late adolescence, until

somewhere between sixteen and eighteen years of age. 14

The habits of emotional management that are repeated

over and over again during childhood and the

teenage years will themselves help mold this circuitry.

This makes childhood a crucial window of opportunity

for shaping lifelong emotional propensities; habits acquired

in childhood become set in the basic synaptic

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