Emotional inteligence
The remarkable finding, though, was a PET scan testshowing that the behavior therapy patients had as significanta decrease in the activity of a key part of the emotionalbrain, the caudate nucleus, as did the patientssuccessfully treated with the drug fluoxetine. Their experiencehad changed brain function—and relievedsymptoms—as effectively as the medication!CRUCIAL WINDOWS434/661Of all species we humans take the longest for our brainsto fully mature. While each area of the brain develops ata different rate during childhood, the onset of pubertymarks one of the most sweeping periods of pruningthroughout the brain. Several brain areas critical foremotional life are among the slowest to mature. Whilethe sensory areas mature during early childhood, andthe limbic system by puberty, the frontal lobes—seat ofemotional self-control, understanding, and artful response—continueto develop into late adolescence, untilsomewhere between sixteen and eighteen years of age. 14The habits of emotional management that are repeatedover and over again during childhood and theteenage years will themselves help mold this circuitry.This makes childhood a crucial window of opportunityfor shaping lifelong emotional propensities; habits acquiredin childhood become set in the basic synaptic
435/661wiring of neural architecture, and are harder to changelater in life. Given the importance of the prefrontal lobesfor managing emotion, the very long window for synapticsculpting in this brain region may well mean that,in the grand design of the brain, a child's experiencesover the years can mold lasting connections in the regulatorycircuitry of the emotional brain. As we have seen,critical experiences include how dependable and responsiveto the child's needs parents are, the opportunitiesand guidance a child has in learning to handle herown distress and control impulse, and practice in empathy.By the same token, neglect or abuse, the misattunementof a self-absorbed or indifferent parent, orbrutal discipline can leave their imprint on the emotionalcircuitry. 15One of the most essential emotional lessons, firstlearned in infancy and refined throughout childhood, ishow to soothe oneself when upset. For very young infants,soothing comes from caretakers: a mother hearsher infant crying, picks him up, holds and rocks him untilhe calms down. This biological attunement, some theoristspropose, helps the child begin to learn how to dothe same for himself. 16 During a critical period betweenten and eighteen months, the orbitofrontal area of theprefrontal cortex is rapidly forming the connectionswith the limbic brain that will make it a key on/off
- Page 384 and 385: 384/661In ensuing months, the Purdy
- Page 386 and 387: 386/661disorder, or PTSD. At the co
- Page 388 and 389: endured semistarvation, the slaught
- Page 390 and 391: 390/661overwhelming terror. 4 While
- Page 392 and 393: and dying—or for a teacher there,
- Page 394 and 395: 394/661ceruleus—alerting the body
- Page 396 and 397: All these neural changes offer shor
- Page 398 and 399: of calm—the amygdala never relear
- Page 400 and 401: 400/661better outcome: sometimes in
- Page 402 and 403: ex-lover. The man brought them to a
- Page 404 and 405: 404/661friends and family to form a
- Page 406 and 407: 406/661The therapist encourages the
- Page 408 and 409: 408/661Aftereffects or occasional r
- Page 410 and 411: 410/661cannot keep it from reacting
- Page 412 and 413: 412/661habits of the heart learned
- Page 414 and 415: 414/661different pattern of brain a
- Page 416 and 417: 416/661monsters. Though he has felt
- Page 418 and 419: 418/661five infants falls into the
- Page 420 and 421: 420/661These sensitive children are
- Page 422 and 423: 422/661to help her up, and as I did
- Page 424 and 425: 424/661or the other type, says Davi
- Page 426 and 427: 426/661parents, and so how they lea
- Page 428 and 429: 428/661When the encounter takes pla
- Page 430 and 431: 430/661spontaneously outgrew their
- Page 432 and 433: 432/661was reopened, the animal was
- Page 436 and 437: 436/661switch for distress. The inf
- Page 438 and 439: 438/661emotional habits are malleab
- Page 440 and 441: 15The Cost of Emotional IlliteracyI
- Page 442 and 443: example, heroin and cocaine use amo
- Page 444 and 445: 444/661While any of these problems
- Page 446 and 447: both parents work long hours, so th
- Page 448 and 449: 448/661themselves as victims and ca
- Page 450 and 451: 450/661But studies that have follow
- Page 452 and 453: 452/661attracted to their defiant s
- Page 454 and 455: 454/661aggressive kids learn to con
- Page 456 and 457: 456/661Dana, sixteen, had always se
- Page 458 and 459: that predispose children to react t
- Page 460 and 461: 460/661worldwide. When I asked expe
- Page 462 and 463: 462/661more severe episodes later i
- Page 464 and 465: Indeed, when depressed children hav
- Page 466 and 467: 466/661when they get a worse grade
- Page 468 and 469: 468/661The good news: there is ever
- Page 470 and 471: Learning these emotional skills at
- Page 472 and 473: 472/661study allows a clean compari
- Page 474 and 475: 474/661observed that these girls "h
- Page 476 and 477: 476/661Ben then stalks off to his e
- Page 478 and 479: 478/661being sad, angry, or mischie
- Page 480 and 481: make the difference—even when all
- Page 482 and 483: 482/661the circle of friendship wit
The remarkable finding, though, was a PET scan test
showing that the behavior therapy patients had as significant
a decrease in the activity of a key part of the emotional
brain, the caudate nucleus, as did the patients
successfully treated with the drug fluoxetine. Their experience
had changed brain function—and relieved
symptoms—as effectively as the medication!
CRUCIAL WINDOWS
434/661
Of all species we humans take the longest for our brains
to fully mature. While each area of the brain develops at
a different rate during childhood, the onset of puberty
marks one of the most sweeping periods of pruning
throughout the brain. Several brain areas critical for
emotional life are among the slowest to mature. While
the sensory areas mature during early childhood, and
the limbic system by puberty, the frontal lobes—seat of
emotional self-control, understanding, and artful response—continue
to develop into late adolescence, until
somewhere between sixteen and eighteen years of age. 14
The habits of emotional management that are repeated
over and over again during childhood and the
teenage years will themselves help mold this circuitry.
This makes childhood a crucial window of opportunity
for shaping lifelong emotional propensities; habits acquired
in childhood become set in the basic synaptic