Emotional inteligence

aygun.shukurova
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04.02.2022 Views

410/661cannot keep it from reacting in the first place. Thuswhile we cannot decide when we have our emotionaloutbursts, we have more control over how long theylast. A quicker recovery time from such outbursts maywell be one mark of emotional maturity.Over the course of therapy, what seems to change inthe main are the responses that people make once anemotional reaction is triggered—but the tendency forthe reaction to be triggered in the first place does notdisappear entirely. Evidence for this comes from a seriesof studies of psychotherapy conducted by Lester Luborskyand his colleagues at the University ofPennsylvania. 22 They analyzed the main relationshipconflicts that brought dozens of patients into psychotherapy—issuessuch as a deep craving to be accepted orfind intimacy, or a fear of being a failure or being overlydependent. They then carefully analyzed the typical(always self-defeating) responses the patients madewhen these wishes and fears were activated in their relationships—responsessuch as being too demanding,which created a backlash of anger or coldness in the otherperson, or withdrawing in self-defense from an anticipatedslight, leaving the other person miffed by theseeming rebuff. During such ill-fated encounters, thepatients, understandably, felt flooded by upsetting feelings—hopelessnessand sadness, resentment and anger,

411/661tension and fear, guilt and self-blame, and so on.Whatever the specific pattern of the patient, it seemedto show up in most every important relationship, whetherwith a spouse or lover, a child or parent, or peers andbosses at work.Over the course of long-term therapy, however, thesepatients made two kinds of changes: their emotional reactionto the triggering events became less distressing,even calm or bemused, and their overt responses becamemore effective in getting what they truly wantedfrom the relationship. What did not change, however,was their underlying wish or fear, and the initial twingeof feeling. By the time the patients had but a few sessionsleft in therapy, the encounters they told aboutshowed they had only half as many negative emotionalreactions compared to when they first started therapy,and were twice as likely to get the positive response theydeeply desired from the other person. But what did notchange at all was the particular sensitivity at the root ofthese needs.In brain terms, we can speculate, the limbic circuitrywould send alarm signals in response to cues of a fearedevent, but the prefrontal cortex and related zones wouldhave learned a new, more healthy response. In short,emotional lessons—even the most deeply implanted

411/661

tension and fear, guilt and self-blame, and so on.

Whatever the specific pattern of the patient, it seemed

to show up in most every important relationship, whether

with a spouse or lover, a child or parent, or peers and

bosses at work.

Over the course of long-term therapy, however, these

patients made two kinds of changes: their emotional reaction

to the triggering events became less distressing,

even calm or bemused, and their overt responses became

more effective in getting what they truly wanted

from the relationship. What did not change, however,

was their underlying wish or fear, and the initial twinge

of feeling. By the time the patients had but a few sessions

left in therapy, the encounters they told about

showed they had only half as many negative emotional

reactions compared to when they first started therapy,

and were twice as likely to get the positive response they

deeply desired from the other person. But what did not

change at all was the particular sensitivity at the root of

these needs.

In brain terms, we can speculate, the limbic circuitry

would send alarm signals in response to cues of a feared

event, but the prefrontal cortex and related zones would

have learned a new, more healthy response. In short,

emotional lessons—even the most deeply implanted

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