Emotional inteligence
408/661Aftereffects or occasional recurrences of symptoms oftenpersist, says Herman, but there are specific signsthat the trauma has largely been overcome. These includereducing the physiological symptoms to a manageablelevel, and being able to bear the feelings associatedwith memories of the trauma. Especially significantis no longer having trauma memories erupt at uncontrollablemoments, but rather being able to revisit themvoluntarily, like any other memory—and, perhaps moreimportant, to put them aside like any other memory.Finally, it means rebuilding a new life, with strong,trusting relationships and a belief system that findsmeaning even in a world where such injustice can happen.20 All of these together are markers of success inreeducating the emotional brain.PSYCHOTHERAPY AS AN EMOTIONALTUTORIALFortunately, the catastrophic moments in which traumaticmemories are emblazoned are rare during thecourse of life for most of us. But the same circuitry thatcan be seen so boldly imprinting traumatic memories ispresumably at work in life's quieter moments, too. Themore ordinary travails of childhood, such as beingchronically ignored and deprived of attention or tendernessby one's parents, abandonment or loss, or social
409/661rejection may never reach the fever pitch of trauma, butthey surely leave their imprint on the emotional brain,creating distortions—and tears and rages—in intimaterelationships later in life. If PTSD can be healed, so canthe more muted emotional scars that so many of usbear; that is the task of psychotherapy. And, in general,it is in learning to deal skillfully with these loaded reactionsthat emotional intelligence comes into play.The dynamic between the amygdala and the morefully informed reactions of the prefrontal cortex may offera neuroanatomical model for how psychotherapy reshapesdeep, maladaptive emotional patterns. As JosephLeDoux, the neuroscientist who discovered theamygdala's hair-trigger role in emotional outbursts,conjectures, "Once your emotional system learnssomething, it seems you never let it go. What therapydoes is teach you to control it—it teaches your neocortexhow to inhibit your amygdala. The propensity to act issuppressed, while your basic emotion about it remainsin a subdued form."Given the brain architecture that underlies emotionalrelearning, what seems to remain, even after successfulpsychotherapy, is a vestigial reaction, a remnant of theoriginal sensitivity or fear at the root of a troubling emotionalpattern. 21 The prefrontal cortex can refine or putthe brakes on the amygdala's impulse to rampage, but
- Page 358 and 359: 358/661effects would be to impart m
- Page 360 and 361: patients to go elsewhere for care,
- Page 362 and 363: 12The Family CrucibleIt's a low-key
- Page 364 and 365: 364/661There are hundreds of studie
- Page 366 and 367: 366/661instance, use bargaining and
- Page 368 and 369: physiological indicators of emotion
- Page 370 and 371: 370/661The difference between the t
- Page 372 and 373: 4. Self-control. The ability to mod
- Page 374 and 375: 374/661efforts to get solace will m
- Page 376 and 377: opportunity at all, let alone equal
- Page 378 and 379: learned, and how grim the costs for
- Page 380 and 381: 380/661distress of a child nearby w
- Page 382 and 383: 382/661of the brain's limbic center
- Page 384 and 385: 384/661In ensuing months, the Purdy
- Page 386 and 387: 386/661disorder, or PTSD. At the co
- Page 388 and 389: endured semistarvation, the slaught
- Page 390 and 391: 390/661overwhelming terror. 4 While
- Page 392 and 393: and dying—or for a teacher there,
- Page 394 and 395: 394/661ceruleus—alerting the body
- Page 396 and 397: All these neural changes offer shor
- Page 398 and 399: of calm—the amygdala never relear
- Page 400 and 401: 400/661better outcome: sometimes in
- Page 402 and 403: ex-lover. The man brought them to a
- Page 404 and 405: 404/661friends and family to form a
- Page 406 and 407: 406/661The therapist encourages the
- Page 410 and 411: 410/661cannot keep it from reacting
- Page 412 and 413: 412/661habits of the heart learned
- Page 414 and 415: 414/661different pattern of brain a
- Page 416 and 417: 416/661monsters. Though he has felt
- Page 418 and 419: 418/661five infants falls into the
- Page 420 and 421: 420/661These sensitive children are
- Page 422 and 423: 422/661to help her up, and as I did
- Page 424 and 425: 424/661or the other type, says Davi
- Page 426 and 427: 426/661parents, and so how they lea
- Page 428 and 429: 428/661When the encounter takes pla
- Page 430 and 431: 430/661spontaneously outgrew their
- Page 432 and 433: 432/661was reopened, the animal was
- Page 434 and 435: The remarkable finding, though, was
- Page 436 and 437: 436/661switch for distress. The inf
- Page 438 and 439: 438/661emotional habits are malleab
- Page 440 and 441: 15The Cost of Emotional IlliteracyI
- Page 442 and 443: example, heroin and cocaine use amo
- Page 444 and 445: 444/661While any of these problems
- Page 446 and 447: both parents work long hours, so th
- Page 448 and 449: 448/661themselves as victims and ca
- Page 450 and 451: 450/661But studies that have follow
- Page 452 and 453: 452/661attracted to their defiant s
- Page 454 and 455: 454/661aggressive kids learn to con
- Page 456 and 457: 456/661Dana, sixteen, had always se
408/661
Aftereffects or occasional recurrences of symptoms often
persist, says Herman, but there are specific signs
that the trauma has largely been overcome. These include
reducing the physiological symptoms to a manageable
level, and being able to bear the feelings associated
with memories of the trauma. Especially significant
is no longer having trauma memories erupt at uncontrollable
moments, but rather being able to revisit them
voluntarily, like any other memory—and, perhaps more
important, to put them aside like any other memory.
Finally, it means rebuilding a new life, with strong,
trusting relationships and a belief system that finds
meaning even in a world where such injustice can happen.
20 All of these together are markers of success in
reeducating the emotional brain.
PSYCHOTHERAPY AS AN EMOTIONAL
TUTORIAL
Fortunately, the catastrophic moments in which traumatic
memories are emblazoned are rare during the
course of life for most of us. But the same circuitry that
can be seen so boldly imprinting traumatic memories is
presumably at work in life's quieter moments, too. The
more ordinary travails of childhood, such as being
chronically ignored and deprived of attention or tenderness
by one's parents, abandonment or loss, or social