Emotional inteligence

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408/661Aftereffects or occasional recurrences of symptoms oftenpersist, says Herman, but there are specific signsthat the trauma has largely been overcome. These includereducing the physiological symptoms to a manageablelevel, and being able to bear the feelings associatedwith memories of the trauma. Especially significantis no longer having trauma memories erupt at uncontrollablemoments, but rather being able to revisit themvoluntarily, like any other memory—and, perhaps moreimportant, to put them aside like any other memory.Finally, it means rebuilding a new life, with strong,trusting relationships and a belief system that findsmeaning even in a world where such injustice can happen.20 All of these together are markers of success inreeducating the emotional brain.PSYCHOTHERAPY AS AN EMOTIONALTUTORIALFortunately, the catastrophic moments in which traumaticmemories are emblazoned are rare during thecourse of life for most of us. But the same circuitry thatcan be seen so boldly imprinting traumatic memories ispresumably at work in life's quieter moments, too. Themore ordinary travails of childhood, such as beingchronically ignored and deprived of attention or tendernessby one's parents, abandonment or loss, or social

409/661rejection may never reach the fever pitch of trauma, butthey surely leave their imprint on the emotional brain,creating distortions—and tears and rages—in intimaterelationships later in life. If PTSD can be healed, so canthe more muted emotional scars that so many of usbear; that is the task of psychotherapy. And, in general,it is in learning to deal skillfully with these loaded reactionsthat emotional intelligence comes into play.The dynamic between the amygdala and the morefully informed reactions of the prefrontal cortex may offera neuroanatomical model for how psychotherapy reshapesdeep, maladaptive emotional patterns. As JosephLeDoux, the neuroscientist who discovered theamygdala's hair-trigger role in emotional outbursts,conjectures, "Once your emotional system learnssomething, it seems you never let it go. What therapydoes is teach you to control it—it teaches your neocortexhow to inhibit your amygdala. The propensity to act issuppressed, while your basic emotion about it remainsin a subdued form."Given the brain architecture that underlies emotionalrelearning, what seems to remain, even after successfulpsychotherapy, is a vestigial reaction, a remnant of theoriginal sensitivity or fear at the root of a troubling emotionalpattern. 21 The prefrontal cortex can refine or putthe brakes on the amygdala's impulse to rampage, but

408/661

Aftereffects or occasional recurrences of symptoms often

persist, says Herman, but there are specific signs

that the trauma has largely been overcome. These include

reducing the physiological symptoms to a manageable

level, and being able to bear the feelings associated

with memories of the trauma. Especially significant

is no longer having trauma memories erupt at uncontrollable

moments, but rather being able to revisit them

voluntarily, like any other memory—and, perhaps more

important, to put them aside like any other memory.

Finally, it means rebuilding a new life, with strong,

trusting relationships and a belief system that finds

meaning even in a world where such injustice can happen.

20 All of these together are markers of success in

reeducating the emotional brain.

PSYCHOTHERAPY AS AN EMOTIONAL

TUTORIAL

Fortunately, the catastrophic moments in which traumatic

memories are emblazoned are rare during the

course of life for most of us. But the same circuitry that

can be seen so boldly imprinting traumatic memories is

presumably at work in life's quieter moments, too. The

more ordinary travails of childhood, such as being

chronically ignored and deprived of attention or tenderness

by one's parents, abandonment or loss, or social

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