Emotional inteligence
370/661The difference between the two outlooks—childrenwho are confident and optimistic versus those who expectto fail—starts to take shape in the first few years oflife. Parents, says Brazelton, "need to understand howtheir actions can help generate the confidence, the curiosity,the pleasure in learning and the understanding oflimits" that help children succeed in life. His advice isinformed by a growing body of evidence showing thatsuccess in school depends to a surprising extent on emotionalcharacteristics formed in the years before a childenters school. As we saw in Chapter 6, for example, theability of four-year-olds to control the impulse to grabfor a marshmallow predicted a 210-point advantage intheir SAT scores fourteen years later.The first opportunity for shaping the ingredients ofemotional intelligence is in the earliest years, thoughthese capacities continue to form throughout the schoolyears. The emotional abilities children acquire in laterlife build on those of the earliest years. And these abilities,as we saw in Chapter 6, are the essential foundationfor all learning. A report from the National Center forClinical Infant Programs makes the point that schoolsuccess is not predicted by a child's fund of facts or aprecocious ability to read so much as by emotional andsocial measures: being self-assured and interested;knowing what kind of behavior is expected and how to
371/661rein in the impulse to misbehave; being able to wait, tofollow directions, and to turn to teachers for help; andexpressing needs while getting along with other children.5Almost all students who do poorly in school, says thereport, lack one or more of these elements of emotionalintelligence (regardless of whether they also have cognitivedifficulties such as learning disabilities). The magnitudeof the problem is not minor; in some states closeto one in five children have to repeat first grade, andthen as the years go on fall further behind their peers,becoming increasingly discouraged, resentful, anddisruptive.A child's readiness for school depends on the most basicof all knowledge, how to learn. The report lists theseven key ingredients of this crucial capacity—all relatedto emotional intelligence: 61. Confidence. A sense of control and mastery of one'sbody, behavior, and world; the child's sense that he ismore likely than not to succeed at what he undertakes,and that adults will be helpful.2. Curiosity. The sense that finding out about things ispositive and leads to pleasure.3. Intentionality. The wish and capacity to have animpact, and to act upon that with persistence. This is relatedto a sense of competence, of being effective.
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rein in the impulse to misbehave; being able to wait, to
follow directions, and to turn to teachers for help; and
expressing needs while getting along with other children.
5
Almost all students who do poorly in school, says the
report, lack one or more of these elements of emotional
intelligence (regardless of whether they also have cognitive
difficulties such as learning disabilities). The magnitude
of the problem is not minor; in some states close
to one in five children have to repeat first grade, and
then as the years go on fall further behind their peers,
becoming increasingly discouraged, resentful, and
disruptive.
A child's readiness for school depends on the most basic
of all knowledge, how to learn. The report lists the
seven key ingredients of this crucial capacity—all related
to emotional intelligence: 6
1. Confidence. A sense of control and mastery of one's
body, behavior, and world; the child's sense that he is
more likely than not to succeed at what he undertakes,
and that adults will be helpful.
2. Curiosity. The sense that finding out about things is
positive and leads to pleasure.
3. Intentionality. The wish and capacity to have an
impact, and to act upon that with persistence. This is related
to a sense of competence, of being effective.