Emotional inteligence
346/661Like its near cousin optimism, hope has healingpower. People who have a great deal of hopefulness are,understandably, better able to bear up under trying circumstances,including medical difficulties. In a study ofpeople paralyzed from spinal injuries, those who hadmore hope were able to gain greater levels of physicalmobility compared to other patients with similar degreesof injury, but who felt less hopeful. Hope is especiallytelling in paralysis from spinal injury, since thismedical tragedy typically involves a man who is paralyzedin his twenties by an accident and will remain sofor the rest of his life. How he reacts emotionally willhave broad consequences for the degree to which he willmake the efforts that might bring him greater physicaland social functioning. 36Just why an optimistic or pessimistic outlook shouldhave health consequences is open to any of several explanations.One theory proposes that pessimism leads todepression, which in turn interferes with the resistanceof the immune system to tumors and infection—an unprovenspeculation at present. Or it may be that pessimistsneglect themselves—some studies have found thatpessimists smoke and drink more, and exercise less,than optimists, and are generally much more carelessabout their health habits. Or it may one day turn outthat the physiology of hopefulness is itself somehow
helpful biologically to the body's fight against disease.With a Little Help From My Friends:The Medical Value of Relationships347/661Add the sounds of silence to the list of emotional risks tohealth—and close emotional ties to the list of protectivefactors. Studies done over two decades involving morethan thirty-seven thousand people show that social isolation—thesense that you have nobody with whom youcan share your private feelings or have close contact—doublesthe chances of sickness or death. 37 Isolationitself, a 1987 report in Science concluded, "is as significantto mortality rates as smoking, high blood pressure,high cholesterol, obesity, and lack of physical exercise."Indeed, smoking increases mortality risk by afactor of just 1.6, while social isolation does so by afactor of 2.0, making it a greater health risk. 38Isolation is harder on men than on women. Isolatedmen were two to three times more likely to die as weremen with close social ties; for isolated women, the riskwas one and a half times greater than for more sociallyconnected women. The difference between men and womenin the impact of isolation may be because women'srelationships tend to be emotionally closer than men's; afew strands of such social ties for a woman may be more
- Page 296 and 297: 296/661reinforces such thoughts. An
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- Page 304 and 305: budge the biases of those employees
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- Page 328 and 329: 328/661bleeding is one of the most
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- Page 334 and 335: 334/661help them soften the attitud
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- Page 340 and 341: stress, their ATP levels rose sharp
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- Page 344 and 345: 344/661walk again. But depressed wo
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- Page 362 and 363: 12The Family CrucibleIt's a low-key
- Page 364 and 365: 364/661There are hundreds of studie
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- Page 368 and 369: physiological indicators of emotion
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- Page 378 and 379: learned, and how grim the costs for
- Page 380 and 381: 380/661distress of a child nearby w
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- Page 386 and 387: 386/661disorder, or PTSD. At the co
- Page 388 and 389: endured semistarvation, the slaught
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helpful biologically to the body's fight against disease.
With a Little Help From My Friends:
The Medical Value of Relationships
347/661
Add the sounds of silence to the list of emotional risks to
health—and close emotional ties to the list of protective
factors. Studies done over two decades involving more
than thirty-seven thousand people show that social isolation—the
sense that you have nobody with whom you
can share your private feelings or have close contact—doubles
the chances of sickness or death. 37 Isolation
itself, a 1987 report in Science concluded, "is as significant
to mortality rates as smoking, high blood pressure,
high cholesterol, obesity, and lack of physical exercise."
Indeed, smoking increases mortality risk by a
factor of just 1.6, while social isolation does so by a
factor of 2.0, making it a greater health risk. 38
Isolation is harder on men than on women. Isolated
men were two to three times more likely to die as were
men with close social ties; for isolated women, the risk
was one and a half times greater than for more socially
connected women. The difference between men and women
in the impact of isolation may be because women's
relationships tend to be emotionally closer than men's; a
few strands of such social ties for a woman may be more