Emotional inteligence
338/661the most stressful lives, 47 percent got the cold—directevidence that stress itself weakens the immune system.23 (While this may be one of those scientific resultsthat confirms what everyone has observed or suspectedall along, it is considered a landmark finding because ofits scientific rigor.)Likewise, married couples who for three months keptdaily checklists of hassles and upsetting events such asmarital fights showed a strong pattern: three or fourdays after an especially intense batch of upsets, theycame down with a cold or upper-respiratory infection.That lag period is precisely the incubation time for manycommon cold viruses, suggesting that being exposedwhile they were most worried and upset made them especiallyvulnerable. 24The same stress-infection pattern holds for the herpesvirus—both the type that causes cold sores on the lipand the type that causes genital lesions. Once peoplehave been exposed to the herpes virus, it stays latent inthe body, flaring up from time to time. The activity ofthe herpes virus can be tracked by levels of antibodies toit in the blood. Using this measure, reactivation of theherpes virus has been found in medical studentsundergoing year-end exams, in recently separated women,and among people under constant pressure fromcaring for a family member with Alzheimer's disease. 25
339/661The toll of anxiety is not just that it lowers the immuneresponse; other research is showing adverse effectson the cardiovascular system. While chronic hostilityand repeated episodes of anger seem to put men atgreatest risk for heart disease, the more deadly emotionin women may be anxiety and fear. In research at StanfordUniversity School of Medicine with more than athousand men and women who had suffered a first heartattack, those women who went on to suffer a secondheart attack were marked by high levels of fearfulnessand anxiety. In many cases the fearfulness took the formof crippling phobias: after their first heart attack the patientsstopped driving, quit their jobs, or avoided goingout. 26The insidious physical effects of mental stress andanxiety—the kind produced by high-pressure jobs, orhigh-pressure lives such as that of a single mother jugglingday care and a job—are being pinpointed at ananatomically fine-grained level. For example, StephenManuck, a University of Pittsburgh psychologist, putthirty volunteers through a rigorous, anxiety-riddled ordealin a laboratory while he monitored the men's blood,assaying a substance secreted by blood platelets calledadenosine triphosphate, or ATP, which can triggerblood-vessel changes that may lead to heart attacks andstrokes. While the volunteers were under the intense
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- Page 304 and 305: budge the biases of those employees
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- Page 364 and 365: 364/661There are hundreds of studie
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the most stressful lives, 47 percent got the cold—direct
evidence that stress itself weakens the immune system.
23 (While this may be one of those scientific results
that confirms what everyone has observed or suspected
all along, it is considered a landmark finding because of
its scientific rigor.)
Likewise, married couples who for three months kept
daily checklists of hassles and upsetting events such as
marital fights showed a strong pattern: three or four
days after an especially intense batch of upsets, they
came down with a cold or upper-respiratory infection.
That lag period is precisely the incubation time for many
common cold viruses, suggesting that being exposed
while they were most worried and upset made them especially
vulnerable. 24
The same stress-infection pattern holds for the herpes
virus—both the type that causes cold sores on the lip
and the type that causes genital lesions. Once people
have been exposed to the herpes virus, it stays latent in
the body, flaring up from time to time. The activity of
the herpes virus can be tracked by levels of antibodies to
it in the blood. Using this measure, reactivation of the
herpes virus has been found in medical students
undergoing year-end exams, in recently separated women,
and among people under constant pressure from
caring for a family member with Alzheimer's disease. 25