Emotional inteligence
326/661cells are stored or made—and then used viruses to challengethe immune system. The result: a huge drop in immuneresponse to the virus. His conclusion is thatwithout those nerve endings the immune system simplydoes not respond as it should to the challenge of an invadingvirus or bacterium. In short, the nervous systemnot only connects to the immune system, but is essentialfor proper immune function.Another key pathway linking emotions and the immunesystem is via the influence of the hormones releasedunder stress. The catecholamines (epinephrineand norepinephrine—otherwise known as adrenalineand nor-adrenaline), cortisol and prolactin, and the naturalopiates beta-endorphin and enkephalin are all releasedduring stress arousal. Each has a strong impacton immune cells. While the relationships are complex,the main influence is that while these hormones surgethrough the body, the immune cells are hampered intheir function: stress suppresses immune resistance, atleast temporarily, presumably in a conservation of energythat puts a priority on the more immediate emergency,which is more pressing for survival. But if stressis constant and intense, that suppression may becomelong-lasting. 4Microbiologists and other scientists are finding moreand more such connections between the brain and the
cardiovascular and immune systems—having first had toaccept the once-radical notion that they exist at all. 5TOXIC EMOTIONS: THE CLINICALDATA327/661Despite such evidence, many or most physicians are stillskeptical that emotions matter clinically. One reason isthat while many studies have found stress and negativeemotions to weaken the effectiveness of various immunecells, it is not always clear that the range of thesechanges is great enough to make a medical difference.Even so, an increasing number of physicians acknowledgethe place of emotions in medicine. For instance,Dr. Camran Nezhat, an eminent gynecological laparoscopicsurgeon at Stanford University, says, "If someonescheduled for surgery tells me she's panicked that dayand does not want to go through with it, I cancel thesurgery." Nezhat explains, "Every surgeon knows thatpeople who are extremely scared do terribly in surgery.They bleed too much, they have more infections andcomplications. They have a harder time recovering. It'smuch better if they are calm."The reason is straightforward: panic and anxiety hikeblood pressure, and veins distended by pressure bleedmore profusely when cut by the surgeon's knife. Excess
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326/661
cells are stored or made—and then used viruses to challenge
the immune system. The result: a huge drop in immune
response to the virus. His conclusion is that
without those nerve endings the immune system simply
does not respond as it should to the challenge of an invading
virus or bacterium. In short, the nervous system
not only connects to the immune system, but is essential
for proper immune function.
Another key pathway linking emotions and the immune
system is via the influence of the hormones released
under stress. The catecholamines (epinephrine
and norepinephrine—otherwise known as adrenaline
and nor-adrenaline), cortisol and prolactin, and the natural
opiates beta-endorphin and enkephalin are all released
during stress arousal. Each has a strong impact
on immune cells. While the relationships are complex,
the main influence is that while these hormones surge
through the body, the immune cells are hampered in
their function: stress suppresses immune resistance, at
least temporarily, presumably in a conservation of energy
that puts a priority on the more immediate emergency,
which is more pressing for survival. But if stress
is constant and intense, that suppression may become
long-lasting. 4
Microbiologists and other scientists are finding more
and more such connections between the brain and the