Emotional inteligence

aygun.shukurova
from aygun.shukurova More from this publisher
04.02.2022 Views

322/661by a medical model that dismisses entirely the idea thatmind influences body in any consequential way.Yet there is an equally unproductive ideology in theother direction: the notion that people can cure themselvesof even the most pernicious disease simply bymaking themselves happy or thinking positive thoughts,or that they are somehow to blame for having gottensick in the first place. The result of this attitude-willcure-allrhetoric has been to create widespread confusionand misunderstanding about the extent to whichillness can be affected by the mind, and, perhaps worse,sometimes to make people feel guilty for having a disease,as though it were a sign of some moral lapse orspiritual unworthiness.The truth lies somewhere between these extremes. Bysorting through the scientific data, my aim is to clarifythe contradictions and replace the nonsense with aclearer understanding of the degree to which our emotions—andemotional intelligence—play a part in healthand disease.THE BODY'S MIND: HOW EMOTIONSMATTER FOR HEALTHIn 1974 a finding in a laboratory at the School of Medicineand Dentistry, University of Rochester, rewrotebiology's map of the body: Robert Ader, a psychologist,

323/661discovered that the immune system, like the brain,could learn. His result was a shock; the prevailing wisdomin medicine had been that only the brain and centralnervous system could respond to experience bychanging how they behaved. Ader's finding led to the investigationof what are turning out to be myriad waysthe central nervous system and the immune systemcommunicate—biological pathways that make the mind,the emotions, and the body not separate, but intimatelyentwined.In his experiment white rats had been given a medicationthat artificially suppressed the quantity of diseasefightingT cells circulating in their blood. Each time theyreceived the medication, they ate it along withsaccharin-laced water. But Ader discovered that givingthe rats the saccharin-flavored water alone, without thesuppressive medication, still resulted in a lowering ofthe T-cell count—to the point that some of the rats weregetting sick and dying. Their immune system hadlearned to suppress T cells in response to the flavoredwater. That just should not have happened, according tothe best scientific understanding at the time.The immune system is the "body's brain," as neuroscientistFrancisco Varela, at Paris's Ecole Polytechnique,puts it, defining the body's own sense of self—of whatbelongs within it and what does not. 1 Immune cells

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discovered that the immune system, like the brain,

could learn. His result was a shock; the prevailing wisdom

in medicine had been that only the brain and central

nervous system could respond to experience by

changing how they behaved. Ader's finding led to the investigation

of what are turning out to be myriad ways

the central nervous system and the immune system

communicate—biological pathways that make the mind,

the emotions, and the body not separate, but intimately

entwined.

In his experiment white rats had been given a medication

that artificially suppressed the quantity of diseasefighting

T cells circulating in their blood. Each time they

received the medication, they ate it along with

saccharin-laced water. But Ader discovered that giving

the rats the saccharin-flavored water alone, without the

suppressive medication, still resulted in a lowering of

the T-cell count—to the point that some of the rats were

getting sick and dying. Their immune system had

learned to suppress T cells in response to the flavored

water. That just should not have happened, according to

the best scientific understanding at the time.

The immune system is the "body's brain," as neuroscientist

Francisco Varela, at Paris's Ecole Polytechnique,

puts it, defining the body's own sense of self—of what

belongs within it and what does not. 1 Immune cells

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