Emotional inteligence
228/661emotional skills make us feel good. People who are ableto help others soothe their feelings have an especiallyvalued social commodity; they are the souls others turnto when in greatest emotional need. We are all part ofeach other's tool kit for emotional change, for better orfor worse.Consider a remarkable demonstration of the subtletywith which emotions pass from one person to another.In a simple experiment two volunteers filled out achecklist about their moods at the moment, then simplysat facing each other quietly while waiting for an experimenterto return to the room. Two minutes later shecame back and asked them to fill out a mood checklistagain. The pairs were purposely composed of one partnerwho was highly expressive of emotion and one whowas deadpan. Invariably the mood of the one who wasmore expressive of emotions had been transferred to themore passive partner. 4How does this magical transmission occur? The mostlikely answer is that we unconsciously imitate the emotionswe see displayed by someone else, through an outof-awarenessmotor mimicry of their facial expression,gestures, tone of voice, and other nonverbal markers ofemotion. Through this imitation people re-create inthemselves the mood of the other person—a low-keyversion of the Stanislavsky method, in which actors
229/661recall gestures, movements, and other expressions of anemotion they have felt strongly in the past in order toevoke those feelings once again.The day-to-day imitation of feeling is ordinarily quitesubtle. Ulf Dimberg, a Swedish researcher at theUniversity of Uppsala, found that when people view asmiling or angry face, their own faces show evidence ofthat same mood through slight changes in the facialmuscles. The changes are evident through electronicsensors but are typically not visible to the naked eye.When two people interact, the direction of moodtransfer is from the one who is more forceful in expressingfeelings to the one who is more passive. But somepeople are particularly susceptible to emotional contagion;their innate sensitivity makes their autonomicnervous system (a marker of emotional activity) moreeasily triggered. This ability seems to make them moreimpressionable; sentimental commercials can movethem to tears, while a quick chat with someone who isfeeling cheerful can buoy them (it also may make themmore empathic, since they are more readily moved bysomeone else's feelings).John Cacioppo, the social psychophysiologist at OhioState University who has studied this subtle emotionalexchange, observes, "Just seeing someone express anemotion can evoke that mood, whether you realize you
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recall gestures, movements, and other expressions of an
emotion they have felt strongly in the past in order to
evoke those feelings once again.
The day-to-day imitation of feeling is ordinarily quite
subtle. Ulf Dimberg, a Swedish researcher at the
University of Uppsala, found that when people view a
smiling or angry face, their own faces show evidence of
that same mood through slight changes in the facial
muscles. The changes are evident through electronic
sensors but are typically not visible to the naked eye.
When two people interact, the direction of mood
transfer is from the one who is more forceful in expressing
feelings to the one who is more passive. But some
people are particularly susceptible to emotional contagion;
their innate sensitivity makes their autonomic
nervous system (a marker of emotional activity) more
easily triggered. This ability seems to make them more
impressionable; sentimental commercials can move
them to tears, while a quick chat with someone who is
feeling cheerful can buoy them (it also may make them
more empathic, since they are more readily moved by
someone else's feelings).
John Cacioppo, the social psychophysiologist at Ohio
State University who has studied this subtle emotional
exchange, observes, "Just seeing someone express an
emotion can evoke that mood, whether you realize you