Emotional inteligence
132/661the anxiety disorders: phobias, obsessions and compulsions,panic attacks. In each of these disorders worryfixates in a distinct fashion; for the phobic, anxieties riveton the feared situation; for the obsessive, they fixateon preventing some feared calamity; in panic attacks,the worries can focus on a fear of dying or on the prospectof having the attack itself.In all these conditions the common denominator isworry run amok. For example, a woman being treatedfor obsessive-compulsive disorder had a series of ritualsthat took most of her waking hours: forty-five-minuteshowers several times daily, washing her hands for fiveminutes twenty or more times a day. She would not sitdown unless she first swabbed the seat with rubbing alcoholto sterilize it. Nor would she touch a child or ananimal—both were "too dirty." All these compulsionswere stirred by her underlying morbid fear of germs; sheworried constantly that without her washing and sterilizingshe would catch a disease and die. 11A woman being treated for "generalized anxiety disorder"—thepsychiatric nomenclature for being a constantworrier—responded to the request to worry aloudfor one minute this way:I might not do this right. This may be so artificial thatit won't be an indication of the real thing and we needto get at the real thing. . . . Because if we don't get at
133/661the real thing, I won't get well. And if I don't get wellI'll never be happy. 12In this virtuoso display of worrying about worrying,the very request to worry for one minute had, within afew short seconds, escalated to contemplation of alifelong catastrophe: "I'll never be happy." Worries typicallyfollow such lines, a narrative to oneself that jumpsfrom concern to concern and more often than not includescatastrophizing, imagining some terrible tragedy.Worries are almost always expressed in the mind's ear,not its eye—that is, in words, not images—a fact that hassignificance for controlling worry.Borkovec and his colleagues began to study worryingper se when they were trying to come up with a treatmentfor insomnia. Anxiety, other researchers have observed,comes in two forms: cognitive, or worrisomethoughts, and somatic, the physiological symptoms ofanxiety, such as sweating, a racing heart, or muscle tension.The main trouble with insomniacs, Borkovecfound, was not the somatic arousal. What kept them upwere intrusive thoughts. They were chronic worriers,and could not stop worrying, no matter how sleepy theywere. The one thing that worked in helping them get tosleep was getting their minds off their worries, focusinginstead on the sensations produced by a relaxation
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- Page 102 and 103: 102/661Gary was emotionally flat, c
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the anxiety disorders: phobias, obsessions and compulsions,
panic attacks. In each of these disorders worry
fixates in a distinct fashion; for the phobic, anxieties rivet
on the feared situation; for the obsessive, they fixate
on preventing some feared calamity; in panic attacks,
the worries can focus on a fear of dying or on the prospect
of having the attack itself.
In all these conditions the common denominator is
worry run amok. For example, a woman being treated
for obsessive-compulsive disorder had a series of rituals
that took most of her waking hours: forty-five-minute
showers several times daily, washing her hands for five
minutes twenty or more times a day. She would not sit
down unless she first swabbed the seat with rubbing alcohol
to sterilize it. Nor would she touch a child or an
animal—both were "too dirty." All these compulsions
were stirred by her underlying morbid fear of germs; she
worried constantly that without her washing and sterilizing
she would catch a disease and die. 11
A woman being treated for "generalized anxiety disorder"—the
psychiatric nomenclature for being a constant
worrier—responded to the request to worry aloud
for one minute this way:
I might not do this right. This may be so artificial that
it won't be an indication of the real thing and we need
to get at the real thing. . . . Because if we don't get at