Autumn 2017 EN

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English Issue Biogas Journal | Autumn_2017 conventional biogas processes, the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) used here offers significant savings for operators using the energy they produce as well as retention time in the digester specific to certain substance groups, which results in considerably higher yields. A similar plant for slaughtering waste was already tested at BTU Cottbus. “We were able to demonstrate that Pilgrims Pride could cover its entire heat needs with a plant like this”, explains Bravo de Sepúlveda. Now the company is making plans in this direction because this is probably the only way it will be able to meet the coming environmental requirements. But there is not a specific time and financing plan yet. Violeta Bravo de Sepúlveda is already working on the The Honda diesel motor is modified such that it runs on methane. It uses a V-belt to operate the milking machine on the Rancho Sinai farm. Cow dung collection area near the city of Queretaro. Trucks collect the dung from cattle ranches in the area. It is not currently being used to generate energy, but is instead spread as fertilizer on avocado farms. next project. A biogas plant is supposed to be constructed with feed producer La Perla; at a capacity of 100 million kilowatt hours per year, it will more than cover the company’s entire heat needs. 185,000 tonnes of manure, nearly 4,000 tonne of vegetable waste from greenhouses, and large amounts of used grease and whey are supposed to be fermented. This should reduce methane emissions especially relevant to climate change by 5,300 tonnes. Among other issues, this project is investigating the development of suitable logistics for transporting the substrates as well as the technical challenges of fermenting them together. Since January 2017, a biogas test plant has been running in the institute laboratory for this investigation. Violeta Bravo de Sepúlveda knows that “used grease produces four times as much methane as manure”. A trip around the city of Querétaro gives an impressive look at the region’s potential: The Agropark’s sea of greenhouses gleams in the sun. Tomatoes and peppers are grown here for the entire country. Not far away, the legendary monolith Peña de Bernal sits at the horizon. Every year on 21 March, crowds of esoterics gather at the cliffs to take in their energy. But the true mountains of energy rise before the cliffs, at the manure collection spot. Increasing food production and growing mountains of waste Long trucks tip their beds to unload what they have collected at the cattle ranches in the area. Front loaders shove and layer the brown mass into heaps as tall as houses. The majority of the beef consumed in Mexico is raised here in Ezequiel Montes. Currently, the collected manure is still being used, untreated, as fertilizer on avocado farms. Agriculture is a growing industry in Mexico. And along with it, the amounts of manure and organic wastes. For example, there are already five million farms with about 18 million pigs. Both food production and the generation of wastewater and residential waste are also increasing. 82,000 litres of wastewater are generated in Mexico every second. And 100,000 tonnes of household garbage every day. The Mexican government has made an obligation to reduce the country’s greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent, with respect to the level in 2000, by the year 2020, and by 50 percent by the year 2050. And the use of methane for energy generation comes into play here, also due to the drastic drop in the price of CO 2 certificates. “Actually, this project should earn money by trading in CO 2 certificates”. Rodolfo Montelongo points to three thick, black cylinders used to burn off methane in a controlled manner. They protrude into the blue sky over the landfill site of San Nicolas in the state of Aguascalientes. They were installed in 1998. Ten years later, his employer, the British concern Ylem Energy, decided to invest another five million U.S. dollars and use the methane to generate electricity. Electricity from landfill gas for Nissan Since December 2011, two Caterpillar generators with a total capacity of 2.4 megawatts have been feeding electricity into the grid. Now the methane from the landfill is only burned off if the generators are not working. 100 percent of the plant’s income comes from the sale of electricity. The Japanese automobile manufacturer Nissan, which runs its production in Mexico in the Aguascalientes industrial park, purchases the 10 gigawatt hours produced per year. Rodolfo Montelongo is a not allowed to say how much Nissan pays per kilowatt hour. Only that they pay less than the price for the in- 34
Biogas Journal | Autumn_2017 English Issue Clarification tanks of the biogas plant of Pilgrims Pride, a poultry producer. Vegetable cultivation in greenhouses – the Agropark in Queretaro. dustrial operations of the main carrier: i.e. below about 5 euro cents per kilowatt hour. “That is a challenge for us”, says Montelongo during a tour around the landfill. In the open section, waste collection trucks dump out their loads. Collectors search for usable items by hand. Black plastic tubes snake across the dried out soil of the closed section of the landfill. Up to now, 250 sources of gas in the mountain of waste have been tapped or bored into. “We are always hunting for methane”, explains José Luis Valadez Bustos, the technical director. The various materials in the waste, the washing out of organic substances due to rain, and temperature fluctuation make gas production unstable. In addition, there are unrepaired cracks through which oxygen enters or delays in sealing up individual sections of the landfill. In San Nicolas, the amount of waste and the capacity of the plant would allow for up to 19 gigawatt hours of electricity per year. Nissan would purchase this power as well. But this potential has not yet been able to be harvested yet. Eight landfill gas plants in operation In Mexico, methane is used to generate electricity in eight landfills so far. With an installed capacity of 17 megawatts, the largest is in Monterrey. Starting at a daily volume of 500 tonnes, running a landfill gas plant is worthwhile. Because the trend in Mexico is toward larger landfills, more plants will certainly be established. Ylem Energy is currently building two new landfill gas plants. But wouldn’t it be better to work with biogas plants? Rodolfo Montelongo shakes his head. Biogaskontor Köberle GmbH Bull‘s eyes for any application scratch-resistant special glass DLG approved components for biogasplants With two inspection glasses Full control at a glance! For spacing tube or core drilled hole Ø300 + Ø400 mm On steel plate with customizable size With immersion for look around the corner Equipment: Lamps, rosettes, lining sleeves, sun covers, etc. More features: Air dosing units for desulfurization, measuring systems, warn signs Over- Underpressure relief device ÜU-TT for membrane cover digestors Over- Underpressure relief device ÜU-GD for hard top digestors www.biogaskontor.de • info@biogaskontor.de • Germany 89611 Obermarchtal • Tel +49(0)737595038-0 35
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