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English Issue Biogas Journal | Autumn_2017 Table 3: Costs of maize stover silage in direct competition between grain maize and silo maize cultivation (€ rounded to whole numbers) Land costs Contribution to profit from the sale of grain maize Processing costs for maize stover silage “available in the field” to “free input” € per ha € per ha € per ha € per ha Total costs “free input” Euro cents per Nm 3 CH 4 Euro cents per kWh el. 0 88 243 155 12.5 3.1 250 88 243 405 32.7 8.2 500 88 243 655 52.9 13.3 750 88 243 905 73.1 18.3 1,000 88 243 1,155 93.4 23.4 From an economical standpoint, fermenting the stover from the grain maize supply should not be disregarded. Is the fermentation of maize stover silage also economical under the new German Renewable Energy Act [EEG] 2017? If a biogas plant switches over to the new EEG 2017, it must comply with the so-called “maize and grain cap” (Sec. 39h, EEG 2017). If the switch is made in 2017, the use of maize as the entire plant, grain maize or husk-cob-meal is limited to 50 percent by mass – until this cap is reduced in 2021 in two stages to a maximum of 44 percent by mass. Biogas plants affected by the cap have to think about what the next best substrates are after maize silage. Depending on the region, this may be one of the alternatives currently under intense discussion (Silphium perfoliatum, sugar-beets, ...), but also maize stover silage. If, due to intensive grain maize cultivation near the biogas plant, there is unused maize stover available, the switch to EEG should be made without hesitation. Is the fermentation of maize stover silage also economical if grain maize is grown instead of silo maize? If the maize stover isn’t “there anyway” and “free”, economic considerations must include the calculation of the land costs as well as the contribution to profit from using the grain maize. Without land costs, this contribution to profit averaged – 87.90 per hectare in the past five years (2011 though 2015), according to the LfL online calculator. If the land costs are also taken into account, the total costs “free input” for a rental cost level starting at € 350 per hectare are already at the target specified above of 10 euro cents per kilowatt hour (see Table 3). That means that the situation described here only makes sense if sufficient land area is available at a low cost. Conclusion: In the cultivation of grain maize, a significant amount of waste residue in the form of maize stover is produced. Under the same conditions as in practice, about 5 tonnes of dry matter were recovered with dry matter contents, for the most part, of 40 to 50 percent, although the yields can vary widely depending on harvest conditions. Because maize stover has an astoundingly high methanization potential, about 80 to 95 percent that of silo maize, it is a promising biogas substrate. The methane yields per hectare are about 20 to 25 percent in comparison with silo maize. Maize stover also seems suitable for silaging. A crucial advantage is that the utilisation of maize stover does not require any additional land area and no production effort is necessary until harvest time, which results in very low total costs: 4.9 euro cents per kWhel when converted. However, it is still unclear how the substrate behaves in continuous feed and if treatment or technical modifications to the plant are needed at all or starting at a certain amount used. These questions will be clarified in further trials. Authors Monika Fleschhut (M.Sc.) Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft Institut für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung Am Gereuth 4 · 85354 Freising, Germany Phone: 00 49 8161 71-43 18 e-mail: Monika.Fleschhut@LfL.bayern.de www.LfL.bayern.de Martin Strobl (Dipl.-Ing. agr.) Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL) Institut für Betriebswirtschaft und Agrarstruktur (IBA) Menzinger Str. 54 · 80638 Munich, Germany Phone: 00 49 89 17 800 474 e-mail: martin.strobl@LfL.bayern.de 18
Biogas Journal | Autumn_2017 English Issue Double membrane gasholder | Emission protection foils Foil gas accumulators | Single membrane covers Foil basins | Leakage detection systems Baur Folien GmbH Gewerbestraße 6 D-87787 Wolfertschwenden 0 83 34 99 99 1-0 0 83 34 99 99 1-99 info@baur-folien.de d www.baur-folien.de HYDROGEN SULFIDE ? IMPROVED EFFECTIVENESS NEW FORMULAS ! Internal Desulfurization ® FerroSorp DG External Desulfurization FerroSorp ® S Phone: 0049 30 84 71 85 50 www.ferrosorp.de Optimized mixing power and efficiency for every substrate Replace your agitator and cut your costs ! Improve the efficiency of your biogas plant and reduce your energy costs. Simply replace your old 18.5 kW submersible agitator with one of Stallkamp’s extremely efficient 11 kW models and save up to 4000 Euro p.a.* without losing any performance. In the majority of cases the exchange will pay off within the first year. Don’t hesitate and contact our specialists! OTHERS STIR - WE SOLVE. SUMA Rührtechnik GmbH • Martinszeller Str. 21 • 87477 Sulzberg/Germany +49 8376 / 92 131-0 • www.suma.de • info@suma.de | pump | store | agitate | separate * The total amount of savings depends on run-time and effectiveness of the existent agitator, cost of electricity, dry matter content and fermenter configuration. 19 Tel. +49 4443 9666-0 www.stallkamp.de MADE IN DINKLAGE
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