Autumn 2017 EN

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English Issue Biogas Journal | Autumn_2017 The Merge Maxx by Kuhn picks up the maize stover from the ground in a separate step. Cross conveyor belts deposit it at centre behind the tractor. The stover does not undergo any further chopping. It’s good to see that only a small amount of stover remains between the rows. average grain yields were 12.1 tonnes dry matter per hectare. As a result, the average grain:stover ratio is about 1:0.9, which provides a rough estimate of the stover yield based on grain yield. At a laboratory scale, grain maize stover has proven to ferment very well and provides relatively high methane yields. In an overall average over several years (n=127), specific methane yields of about 320 standard litres per kilogramme of organic dry matter were determined for maize stover. The values shifted between a minimum of 281 standard litres of CH 4 and a maximum of 379 standard litres of CH 4 per kilogramme of organic dry matter (odm). This means that maize stover obtained about 80 to 95 percent of the methane yield of silo maize (which obtains about 360 standard litres of CH 4 per kilogramme of dry matter at a laboratory scale under the same conditions). As a result, in comparison with many alternative substrates (such as buckwheat, biogas flower mixtures, Silphium perfoliatum, Fallopia sachalinensis var. Igniscum), the methane yield potential is above average and, in some cases, on a par with classic substrates such as grass or whole crop grain silage. Accordingly, it can be assumed that, even when harvested after grain harvest, plant residues still have a high percentage of constituents that can be easily digested and that fermentable fibre components probably compensate, to a large extent, for any starch that is missing. If all of the exist- The Mais Star* Collect harvester by the Geringhoff company is a corn header for combines. This harvester deposits the stover at centre in front of the combine. The windrow lies between the wheels. After the threshing process, other material falls out of the combine to the rear onto the existing windrow. The maize stubble is torn, which is good for controlling the European corn borer. Very little maize stover is left between the rows. 14
Biogas Journal | Autumn_2017 English Issue The BioChipper by BioG, an Austrian company, is a combined unit. Basically it is a flail mulcher with hammer flails that crush the maize stubble and the stover. At the same time, the material is picked up via the air suction produced by the flail shaft and transported onto a cross conveyor belts, which then deposit the stover onto the windrow. The maize stubble is very short, which is very good for controlling the European corn borer. However, the machine does not deliver all the stover to the windrow, which is not problematic in practical terms. ing maize stover potential were harvested without any loss, the methane yield per hectare [(stover yield in tonnes dry matter per hectare * specific methane yields in Nm 3 CH 4 (t odm) * organic dry matter content] would be between 3,000 and 3,500 Nm 3 CH 4 per hectare, somewhat less than half of that for silo maize. The later the harvest, however, the lower the methane yield per hectare because the specific methane yields decrease with increased ripening (often significantly) and the maize stover potential is generally reduced. Probably losses due to disintegration of leaves are responsible. The variety selected can also play a role, although due to the pronounced seasonal effects, a clear effect based on variety has not yet been confirmed. But because current grain maize varieties have not yet been grown for combined use, improvements can certainly be expected as cultivation progresses. Removal rates and methane yields per hectare In the harvest technology trial, with a maize stover potential of 9.8 to 11.7 tonnes per hectare, average stover yields of 4.6 to 6.3 tonnes dry matter per hectare were removed under standard practical conditions. That corresponds approximately with practical experience: These yields are estimated between 3 to 7 tonnes dry matter per hectare. Therefore, suitable amounts of substrate can certainly be recovered, but at the same time, harvest losses are often still very high and are frequently of the same magnitude as the harvest amounts. All of the harvesting methods tested proved feasible. In the individual years, significant differences in the removal rates could be determined among the four windrowing technologies; in the three-year comparison, however, nearly identical removal rates were obtained. Field choppers and loader wagons proved to be completely equivalent in terms of removal rates, although the cutting is more intensive with the field chopper. Particularly the harvest conditions also affected the removal rates. For example, delayed stover recovery, i.e. the maize stover remained in the field for a longer period following the grain harvest, had primarily a negative effect on the removal rates. The dry matter contents of the recovered maize stover varied widely in the individual trial years and averaged 40 to 45 percent (2014/2016) and 60 percent (2015). Immediately before grain threshing, however, Anlagenbau Your reliable partner for: Agritechnica in Hannover Hall 23, Stand C35 Substrate preparation and crushing technology the right preparation technology for each substrate l Optimatic hammer mill l with bypass solution l specifically for fibrous materials l Impact Crusher HPZ 1200 l For use with high-wear substrates or organic waste, i.e. deep litter l Throughput: 8 - 12 t/h Push floor container l steel construction l volume 40 - 200 m³, as twin container up to 300 m³ l sliding frames made of stainless steel, plastic lining l optional dosing- or disintegrating roller Pull bottom system l concrete construction l upper-underfloor passable l volume 80 - 175 m³ l sliding frames made of stainless steel, plastic lining Compact system l Complete made of stainless steel l volume 13 - 33 m³ l with two dosing roller PART OF THE HUNING GROUP HUNING Anlagenbau GmbH & Co. KG Wellingholzhausener Str. 6 D-49324 Melle Phone +49 (0) 54 22/6 08-2 60 Fax +49 (0) 54 22/6 08-2 63 info@huning-anlagenbau.de 15 www.huning-anlagenbau.de
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Autumn 2017 EN

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