BOA final update 18012022

ATGM–Academy for Technology of
Health and Environment, 2021-2022
Specialization/Minor Analytical Chemistry

Preface
This is the book of abstracts of the specialisation
Analytical Chemistry (SPAC) 2021-2022 of Avans
University of Applied Sciences. And it can be said that
this specialisation is not like any other. This specialisation
took place in the COVID-19 pandemic, so things
could change for us any moment during our work.
This makes these students and the accomplishment of
the specialisation even more magnificent.
As the book of abstract commission, we wanted to give
something to the students to make them remember
these messy, but nevertheless fun and nice times, when
they look back at this in a few years. All these
studies come from various research collaboration from
Avans University of Applied Sciences with external
research companies. This book of abstracts is divided
into twenty one different project groups. Each group
consists of two students who have been working on a
project.
We hope you will like and enjoy this book of abstracts, and
we hope to see you at the poster presentations at 20 January
2022.

INDEX
Preface 3
Research on antidepressants in dried blood spots 7
Contamination and concentration of explosives 9
Metal in paint chips with MP-AES 11
Metals and Toxins in Distillates 13
Categorisation of beer on its chemical properties 15
Analysis of Beer Types 17
The value of fruits and vegetables 19
Glucosinolate glucoraphanin in vegetables 21
Hair cortisol as an indication of cortisol production 23
Quantification and validation of curcumine 25
6 life-style markers in human hair using GC-MS 27
Identification of esters in (alcohol-free) blond beer 29
SherLOK 31
Antidepressants in dried blood spots 33
Healthy substances in cabbages 35
Brewing beer, the Finnish way 37
Medicines in surface water 39
Heavy metals in paint using an MP-AES 41
Medicine residues in surface water with HPLC/GC 43
Toxins in distillates 45
Acknowledgements 46

Research on antidepressants in dried blood
spots
AUTHORS
Carlijn Smits
Myrthe van Oort
Marieke van Deursen and Niels Leijten
Keywords or hashtags of the project: #driedbloodspots #paroxetine #imipramine
#antidepressants #HPLC
Carlijn Smits
MINOR
Myrth\e van Oort
MINOR

ABSTRACT
A study conducted by the Trimbos-institute has shown that approximately
one in five adults in the Netherlands will experience depression at some
point in their life. Depression is a mood disorder in which a person feels
depressed or experiences a loss of zest for life. Multiple factors, including
genetic, social and environmental factors can lead to depression. An
antidepressant can be prescribed when a person suffers from depressive
feelings and thoughts. Antidepressants are drugs that are used to reduce
depressive symptoms. The drugs have an effect on certain
neurotransmitters in the brain, which can reduce the symptoms. During this
project, research was conducted into the antidepressants imipramine and
paroxetine in dried blood spots (DBS) of bovine serum. The aim of the
study was to determine within a short time whether the antidepressants can
be reliably identified in horse blood via RP-HPLC-UV and RP-HPLC-MS and
could be quantified via RP-HPLC-UV and what the lowest possible
concentrations of the antidepressants were which can be measured by the
UV detector. Based on the entire study, it was concluded that the
antidepressants can only be determined in bovine serum in a concentration
range between 10 and 60 µg/ml. The recovery found for the two
antidepressants lays between 80 and 90%.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Optimalisatie meting met de 2 Monster meting van gespiked bloed
antidepressiva en de interne standaard.
Interne standaard = promazine.
LITERATURE
[1] E. Berm, J. Paardekooper, E. Brummel-Mulder, E. Hak, B. Wilffert and J.
Maring, “A simple dried blood spot method for therapeutic drug monitoring of
the tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine,
clomipramine, and their active metabolites using LC-MS/MS,” Talanta , vol.
134, pp. 165-172, 2015.

Contamination and concentration of
explosives.
AUTHORS
Daniël van Beekhuizen
Anika van Tilburg
PROJECTLEADER: Niels Leijten and Marieke van Deursen
Keywords or hashtags of the project: Ammonium nitrate, Gas chromatography-mass
sepctrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Ion pairing reagent, Fouriertransform
infrared spectroscopy
Daniël van Beekhuizen
MINOR
Anika van Tilburg
MINOR
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The aim of this research is to identify ammonium nitrate on an English crop.
This is present in an iron stainless solid filter (RFS). This filter sucks up air
particles from a closed container. Ammonium nitrate particles present are
absorbed on the wipe and must be demonstrated. This is done through
dogs, but identification in this study will be done in a lab. Before the
extraction, a separation method will be performed to release the
ammonium nitrate. This is done by means of a liquid extraction, which
consists of acetonitrile. The acetonitrile will be evaporated to redissolve the
analyte in MilliQ. HPLC-UV, GC-MS and FT-IR will be used for identification.
The HPLC method uses an ion pairing reagent, consists of
tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) and phosphoric acid with a pH of
6.3 [1]. By coupling with nitrate this will be detectable at a wavelength of
210 nm. An example chromatogram is shown below. The ammonia will be
determined for the GC-MS method [2]. This will be released from the gas
phase of ammonium nitrate. This is collected by an SPME fiber, with a layer
of butyl chloroformate on it. These two substances will be linked and can
then be measured on the GC-MS. An FT-IR method is also used to identify
ammonium nitrate on the wipe.
LITERATURE
[1] Gaurava, Ashok Kumar Malika en P. R. b, „Development of a new SPME–
HPLC–UV method for the analysis of nitro explosives on reverse phase amide
column and application to analysis of aqueous samples,” Elsevier, vol. 172, nr. 2-3,
Figure pp. 1652-1658, 1. Nitrate 2009. chromatogram HPLC.
[2] A. L. Lubrano, B. Andrews, M. Hammond, G. E. Collins en S. Rose-Pehrsson,
„Analysis of ammonium nitrate headspace by on-fiber solid phase microextraction
derivatization with gas chromatography mass spectrometry,” Journal of
Chromatography A, vol. 1429, pp. 8-12, 2016.

Determination of metal in paint chips with
Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission
Spectrometery
AUTHORS
Michar Lemmens
Kaan Horstink
Marieke van Deursen
Michar
SPECIALISATIE
Kaan
MINOR

Intensiteit
ABSTRACT
In the paint industry they use metals in paint to give the paint a certain
colour. There are concentration limits for each metal in paint because of
the toxicity of these metals. The goal of this research is to quantified lead,
cadmium, aluminum, titanium, zinc, cobalt, nickel and barium in paint with
MP-AES.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Calibration line of the metals with the MP-AES. So far no results of the
samples have been successful.
Kali Vrijdag DD5 12-11-2021
600000
400000
Pb
Ti
200000
0
-200000
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5
Conc (mg/L)
Al
Zn
Ba
Ni
LITERATURE
[1] RIVM, “Chroom-6 en ziekten wat is er bekend uit de wetenschap,” 11 2018.
[2] A. N. Kadachia* and M. A. Al-Eshaikh, “Limits of detection in XRF spectroscopy,” John Wiley & Sons,
[3] F. S. a. F. Gülmez, “Determination of Metal Contents of Various Fibers Used in Textile Industry by M
Publishing Corporation, Turkey, 2015.
[4] R. S. Khandpur, J. Wiley and Sons, “Compendium of biomedical instrumentation,” no. John Wiley &
[5] Agilent, “Microwave Plasma Atomic Application eHandbook,” 2021.
[6] “De bestanddelen van verf,” nederlandse bouw documentatie, 2019. [O

Metals and Toxins in Distillates
AUTHORS
Quinten Maessen
Youp Noijen
PROJECTLEADER Marieke van Deursen
Toxins, Metals, Distillates, GC, AAS
Quitnen Maessen
SPECIALISATIE/MINOR
Youp Nouijen
SPECIALISATIE/MINOR

The goal of this project was to develop a develop method for quantitative and
qualitative metal analysis and other unhealthy substances like methanol and
acetone in distillates using a combination of Flame AAS and GC-FID/MS. 5
different types of spirits were used in the analysis originating from different
countries all over the world. The spirits were tested for the presence of
Methanol, Acetone, Butanol, Propanol and Trans-Anethole. In all of the 5
samples traces of Butanol were found, in one sample Trans-Anethole was also
found. No further toxins were detected using FID. Using an MS detector and
the same GC method Propanol could also be identified in all of the 5 samples
of spirits analyzed. Still no traces of methanol were found in any of the spirits.
Quantification of Butanol found in Ouzo showed that around 1mg/mL
Butanol was present which will present no more harm than most alcohols
already cause by consuming
Figure 2. Chromatogram of Ouzo from Greece using our GC-FID method
LITERATURE
[1] M. Arslan, „Analysis of Methanol and Its Derivatives in Illegally Produced
Alcoholic Beverages,” Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, nr. DOI:
10.1016/j.jflm.2015.04.005, 2015.
[2] C. M. A. Iwegbue, L. C. Overah, F. I. Bassey en B. S. M. incigh, „Trace metal
concentrations in distilledalcoholic beverages and liquors in Nigeria”.

The categorisation of beer based on its
chemical properties
AUTHORS
Tom Witlox
Justin de Ruyter
Ad Dekkers
GC-FID, HPLC, UV-VIS, PCA, Beer
Tom Witlox
SPECIALISATIE/MINOR
Justin de Ruyter
SPECIALISATIE/MINOR

46 different beers were analysed with GC-FID, HPLC, UV-Vis. After the
analysis of beer, the data was analysed with PCA to make a model that can
identify unknown beers and rank them as a class of beer. With GC-FID the
volatile components will be analysed. HPLC was used to analyse the Iso-alfa
acids, UV-VIS was used for the determination of the International Bitterness
Unit. The total antioxidant number was analysed with Gallic acid method.
LITERATURE
[1] Nascimento, L. Calado, M. E. Duncan, B. Trindade, L. Sphaier, V. Silva en F.
Peixoto, „Interference in beer bitterness measurements caused by polymer
tubes,” Journal of Food Engineering, pp. 1-4, 2020.
[2] D. Koren, B. H. Vecseri, G. Kun-Farkas, Á. Urbin, Á. Nyitrai en L. Sipos, „How to
objectively determine the color of beer?,” Journal of Food Science and
Technology, p. 1183–1189, 09 1 2020.
[8] R. A. Hunter en E. J. Dompkowski, „ACS Publications,” 14 9 2018. [Online].
Available: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00420.
[Geopend 10 2021].
[9] O. Wachelko, P. Szpot en M. Zawadzki, „The application of headspace gas
chromatographic method for the determination of ethyl alcohol in craft beers,
wines and softdrinks,” Food Chemistry, pp. 1-8, 1 6 2021.

Analysis of Beer Types
AUTHORS
Fjodor Sengers
Wijnand Post
Ad Dekkers/Nard Schellekens
categorise, beer, PCA, PLS
F. Sengers
SPAC
W. Post
SPAC

ABSTRACT
The goal of this paper is to collect physical/chemical data of different beers and
from these datasets form hierarchal cluster analysis and PCA, SIMCA and PLS-
DA models to investigate the different categories that might exist among
different beers. 32 beers are examined in this base-set belonging to eight
conventional beer styles.
In addition, Henkies beers will be examined after the categorization of the
beers to check whether the category they would conventionally fall under is the
category that would be assigned to them using the created model.
The first measurement is a VIS/NIR spectrum. The second measurement is a
UV/Vis-spectrometry based set of measurements including a full spectrum. The
third is a quantitative analysis of the concentrations of Cu, Fe and Mn by MP-
AES. The fourth is a quantitative analysis of iso-alpha and iso-beta acids by
HPLC. This is followed by a quantitative GC-FID analysis to determine the
ethanol concentration per sample using an internal standard. Experiment six is
a qualitative analysis of vitamin B complexes present in each beer. The final
examination of each beer is a brief sensory evaluation.
Principal component analysis (PCA) of volatile compounds in the beer
produced by the five yeast strains in both Experiment A and B (mg l−¹), by
GC/MS. SCA S. cerevisiae 7VA Experiment A, SPA Schizo. pombe Experiment
A, TDA T. delbrueckii Experiment A, LTA L. thermotolerans Experiment A,
SLA S. ludwigii Experiment A, SCB S.cerevisiae 7VA Experiment B, SPB
Schizo. pombe Experiment B, TDB T. delbrueckii Experiment B, LTB L.
thermotolerans Experiment B, SLB S. ludwigii Experiment B. Experiment A:
the same yeast strain was inoculated in both primary fermentation and bottle
conditioning. LITERATURE Experiment B: S. cerevisiae Florapan A18 in primary
fermentation. [1] Callejo, M. The J. et bottle al European conditioning Food Research with the and five Technology, yeast strains. 2019, [1] 245, 2,
1229-1238

The value of fruits and vegetables
AUTHORS
Kevin van Delft
Remy Smolenaers
Eline Jurgens
NIR, MP-AES, HPLC, SCiO NIR and VIS/NIR
Kevin van Delft
Analytical chemistry
Remy Smolenaers
Analytical Chemistry

ABSTRACT
The goal of this research is to develop a cheaper method of analysing the sinigrin
content in cruciferous vegetables. By using NIR spectroscopy and multivariate
analyses a model can be created to predict the sinigrin content. For this an
HPLC-DAD method will be developed to quantify the sinigrin content in the
freeze-dried samples and an MP-AES method will be developed to find the
mineral content that may be correlated to the sinigrin content.
Figure 3: PCA model of white cabbage, horse radish, brussels sprouts, red
cabbage, paksoi, and kohlrabi.
LITERATURE
[1] D. S. Anunciação, D. J. Leao, R. M. de Jesus and S. L. C. Ferreira, “Use of
Multivariate Analysis Techniques for Evaluation of Analytical Data—Determination
of the Mineral Composition of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea),” Food Analytical
Methods, vol. 4, pp. 286-292, 2010.
[2] Y. Liu, A. Singleton and D. Arribas-Bel, “A Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-
based framework for automated variable selection in geodemographic
classification,” GEO-SPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCE, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 251-264,
2019.

Determination of the glucosinolate
glucoraphanin in cruciferous vegetables
AUTHOR
Deirdre de Boon
Eline Jurgens
Keywords or hashtags of the project: #glucosinolates, #glucoraphanin, #LC-MS/MS, #HILICcolumn
Deirdre de Boon
Specialisatie

ABSTRACT
Glucosinolates function as cancer-preventing agent. The breakdown of the
glucosinolates starts when they come into contact with the enzyme
myrosinase, this happens when the plant is damaged. Industrial preprocessing,
such as pre-cutting or freezing, can therefore have an effect on
the glucosinolate content. To determine the difference between factory
preparations, glucoraphanin is extracted with methanol and analysed by
LC-MS/MS using a HILIC column.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Figure 4. Total Ion Chromatogram and mass spectrum of 200 μg/mL
glucoraphanin in MilliQ/ACN, analysed by LC-MS/MS.

Measurement of hair cortisol as an indication
of long-term cortisol production.
AUTHORS
Joselien Burggraaff
Henk Haarman
Keywords: cortisol, hair cortisol, biomarker of stress
Joselien Burggraaff
Specialisatie

Area
Background: Hair grows predictably 1 cm per month.
Measuring 1 cm hair sample as close to the scalp gives the
cortisol production of the previous month.
Method: Hair samples are collected as close to the scalp
and extracted using methanol. Concentrations are
measured using HPLC.
Conclusion: HPLC is not suitable for measuring cortisol in
hair samples. The LOD for cortisol was 2 nmol/ml.
According to Maneschijn et al. [1] hair cortisol
concentrations range between 20-60 pg/mg hair, this is
lower than the LOD.
Callibration curve Cortisol
800
600
400
200
0
y = 8,1x - 4
R² = 0,9991
0 50 100
Concentrafion (nmol/ml)
LITERATURE
[1] L. Manenschijn, J. W. Koper, S. W. J. Lamberts en E. F.C van
Rossum, „Evaluation of a method to measure long term cortisol levels,”
Steroids, vol. 76, nr. 10-11, pp. 1032-1036, 2011.
[2] L. Manenschijn, J. W. Koper, E. L. T. v. d. Akker, L. J. M. d. Heide,
E. A. M. Geerdink, F. H. d. Jong, R. A. Feelders en E. F. C. v. Rossum, „A
novel tool in the diagnosis and fallow-up of (cyclic) Cushing's syndrome:
Measurement of long-term cortisol in scalp hair,” The Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 79, nr. 10, pp. E1836-E1843, 2012.

Quantification and validation of curcumine
AUTHORS
Ryan Fong
Kyle Loos
Yvonne Mergler
#curcumin #degridation #HPLC
Ryan Fong
SPECIALISATIE
Kyle Loos
SPECIALISATIE

ABSTRACT
Curcumin is yellow colouring agent found in curcuma longa (turmeric) roots.
The interest in this compound is for it to be used as a non-synthetic
biodegradable dye for bioplastics. The reason for this is because most
colouring dyes that are synthetically made give of toxic compounds when
degrading. The outcome is that though additions to curcumin that a blue and
red colour can be produced and from there all other colours can be made by
mixing. Our purpose with this project is to validate an extraction method and
quantify the amount of curcumin from a specific curcuma longa root. Using
an HPLC a successful separation method of the 3 different forms of curcumin
has been made however the issue is that curcumin degridates in extraction
solvent and through our experimenting also in a dried solid form.
Degradation in solvent was expected but in no scientific articles could a reason
be found for the degradation in solid form. Nevertheless, with the with 2
different extraction solvents 1.10g and 1.45g of curcumin has been extracted
from 10 grams of grounded curcuma powder using ethyl acetate and aceton
respectively. Further research is being done for the validation of these
extractions.
TABLE OF CONTENT
LITERATURE
[1] A. K. Guha, "A Review on Sources and Application of Natural Dyes in
Textiles," International Journal of Textile Science, pp. 38-40, 2019.
[2] G. I. Maria L.A.D. Lestari, "Curcumin," Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and
Related Methodology, vol. 39, pp. 133-198, 2014.

Determination of 6 life-style markers in
human scalp hair using GC-MS and SLE.
AUTHORS
Julia Nuijten
Jenny Liu
Project leader: Yvonne Mergler
Julia Nuijten
MINOR
Jenny Liu
MINOR

ABSTRACT
In forensic research, hair is one of the most important resources. Besides
DNA, hair can contain drugs and other chemicals consumed by an individual.
This can provide more information about a suspect or victim [1][2].
The aim of this research is to develop a method using the GC-MS to detect
the life-style markers caffeine, levonorgestrel, nicotine, cotinine, melatonin
and cortisol in hair in one run and form a life-style profile for an unknown
hair sample. To form these so called life-style profiles, hair samples are
collected anonymously. To measure the six analytes in hair, a suitable
extraction method is required. The markers are extracted from the hair using
Solid Liquid Extraction (SLE). This extraction method is preformed overnight
using methanol [3]. The GC-MS will be optimised using the six components
individually and a mixture of all in methanol. After optimizing the sample
preparation and the GC-MS method, both are applied to the hair samples
collected from anonymous volunteers. These results are analysed,
interpreted and processed after which a life-style profile can be constructed.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Figure 5; Mix SCAN
Figure 6; Mix SIM
Figure 3; Hair Julia
LITERATURE
Figure 4; Hair Jenny
[1] M. Usman, A. Naseer and Y. Baig, “Forensic toxicological analysis of hair: a
review.,” Egypt J Forensic Sci, 9, 17, 2019.
[2] M. Barroso, E. Gallardo and D. N. Vieira, “Hair: a complementary source
of bioanalytical,” Bioanalysis, pp. 67-79, 2011.
[3] V. Cirimele, P. Kintz and B. Ludes, “Evidence of pesticide exposure by hair
analysis,” Acta Clinica Belgica Supplement 1, pp. 59-63, 1999.

The identification of aroma esters in
(alcohol-free) blond beer
AUTHORS
Jip van Dongen
Sam van Dorsselaer
Henk Haarman
Keywords or hashtags of the project: #Alcoholfreebeer, #Aromaesters, #GCMS, #SPE, #SPME
Jip van Dongen
Specialisatie
Sam van Dorsselaer
Specialisatie

ABSTRACT
The demand for non-alcoholic beer is increasing, but the process of making
it often loses aromas, negatively affecting the smell and taste of the beer. It
is therefore important to qualify and quantify the aromas in beer, so that a
suitable method can be developed for improving alcohol-free beer.
This research was set up to identify different aromas in (alcohol-free) blond
beer. For this, a GC-MS method [1] with sample preparation is being
developed to detect the following substances: acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate,
propanol, 2,3-pentanedione, 2,3-butanedione, isobutanol, isoamyl acetate
and isoamyl alcohol. These substances are detected within a range of 0.5
PPB to 200 PPM. Different sample preparation methods are compared,
such as SPE [2], SPME [3] and a liquid/liquid extraction with
dichloromethane [4].
TABLE OF CONTENT
place here your…
• Chromatographs
• Spectra
• Graphs
• Other experimental data
LITERATURE
[1] K. Lynam, ‘Screen Beer by GC/MS Static Headspace with the Agilent
J&W DB-624 Ultra Inert Capillary Column’, Food Testing & Agriculture,
2012
[2] J. Culik, T. Horak, M. Jurkova, P. Cejka, V. Kellner en J. dvorak,
‘DETERMINATION OF AROMATIC ALCOHOLS IN BEER BY SOLID PHASE
EXTRACTION AND DETECTION WITH GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY IN
COMBINATION WITH MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS)’, Research Institute
of Brewing and Malting, 2009, vol. 1, pp. 177-186
[3] G. d. Silva, A. d. Silva, L. d. Silva, R. d. O. Godoy, L. Nogueira, S. Quitério
en R. Raices, ‘Method development by GC–ECD and HS-SPME–GC–MS for
beer volatile analysis’, Food Chemistry, 2015, vol. 167, pp. 71-77
[4] A. J. Das, P. Khawas, T. Miyaji en S. C. Deka, ‘HPLC and GC-MS analyses
of organic acids, carbohydrates, amino acids and volatile aromatic
compounds in some varieties of rice beer from northeast India’, Institute of
Brewing & Distilling, 2014, vol. 120, pp. 244-252

SherLOK
AUTHORS
Eveline de Knoop
Lydia van der Laan
Eline Jurgens
Lydia van der Laan
MINOR
Eveline de Knoop
MINOR

Ratio
In this study a method to measure nicotine, cortisol and caffeine is described with
a GC-MS. First the hair has to be spiked then an extraction will be done with
methanol. After the extraction cortisol has to be derivatized for the GC-MS and
dissolved in methanol. A validation will be done with a recovery and relative standard
deviation. The method will be optimized until the resolution is above 1,5 and
the areas of the compounds are high enough, that the signal to noise ratio is above
10. The results that are found so far confirm the hypothesis, given above. An
identification for the markers have been done and a recovery is still in progress. The
hair samples have been extracted but not yet injected. The final results will follow in
the coming weeks.
2
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
Kalibratielijn markers
0 50 100 150 200
Nicotine
Cafeïne
Cortisol
Lineair
(Nicotine)
Lineair (Cafeïne)
Lineair (Cortisol)
[1] Choi, Man Hoi, Kim, Rae Kyoung en Chung, Chul Bong. Determination of
estrone and 17b-estradiol in human hair by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
The analyst. 2000, Vol. 4, 125, pp. 711-714.
[2] Mantinieks, Dylan, et al. The effectiveness of decontamination procedures used
in forensic hair analysis. Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology. 2018, Vol. 3, 14,
pp. 349-357.
[3] Man, C., et al. Determination of hair nicotine by gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B. 11, 2009, Vol. 2009, 877 (3), pp. 339-342.
[4[ da Justa Neves, Diana Brito en Caldas, Eloisa Dutra. Determination of caffeine
and identification of undeclared substances in dietary supplements and caffeine
dietary exposure assessment. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 105, 31 .January 2017,
Vol. 2017, pp. 194-202.

Antidepressants in dried blood spots
AUTHORS
Dymphy Houtzager
Aleyna Yildirim
Eline Jurgens
Keywords or hashtags of the project: #..., #..., word 1, word 2, etc. (max. 5)
Aleyna Yildirim
Specialisatie
Dymphy Houtzager
Specialisatie

ABSTRACT
Antidepressants are used in treating clinical depression. It is also used to
treat other mental health problems or long-term pain. Selective serotine
reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are commonly used as
antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety
disorders, and other psychological conditions.
Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is an upcoming method to gather blood
samples. Dried Blood Spots sampling is advantageous because there is
minimal amount of sample needed for analysis. Venous puncturing is not
required because a DBS is obtained by a fingerprick.
The aim of this study is to develop a method for the determination of
sertraline in dried blood spots with SLE-extraction using RP-HPLC-UV and
optimize and validate the LOD, LOQ, linearity, precision, accuracy, elution
buffer stability and thermal stability.
The optimal wavelength of sertraline with HPLC-UV is determined at 258
nm. TABLE The LOD OF of CONTENT sertraline is determined at 0.0125 ug/ml and LOQ at 0.05
ug/ml. The calibration line is achieved with a correlation coefficient of 0.99.
The extraction • Chromatographs recovery of 10ug/ml of ug/ml sertraline sertraline DBS extracted is determined from a whole at 16%.
Recommended 200 ul is DBS. that the extract is more concentrated to achieve a higher
extraction recovery.
• Spectra of sertraline
• Graph calibration line
LITERATURE
[1] Hoskins, M., Pearce, J., Bethell, A., Dankova, L., Barbui, C., Tol, W., .
. . Bisson, J. (2015). Pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress
disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of
Psychiatry, 206(2), 93-100. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.148551

Healthy substances in cabbages
AUTHORS
Tom van Disseldorp
Kenneth Kuijpers
Ad Dekkers & Nard Schellekens
#Glucosinolates, #NIR, #Cabbages.
Tom van Disseldorp
SPAC
Kenneth Kuijpers
SPAC

ABSTRACT
A variety of cabbages are examined in order to create a PCA model that is
able to categorize various kinds of cabbage by use of a VIS-NIR
measurement. These measurements are easy and cheap to perform and
offer a simple way to potentially identify a cabbage species using a
handheld NIR or tabletop VIS-NIR device. Research is also conducted in
order to set up a VIS-NIR method to quantify glucosinolates inside of the
cabbages using a PLS model.
TABLE OF CONTENT - PCA
LITERATURE
[1] I. Renner and V. Fritz, "Using Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
(NIRS) to predict glucobrassicin concentrations in cabbage and brussels
sprout leaf tissue," Plant methods, no. 136, pp. 1-12, 2020.
[2] N. Moreb, A. Murphy, S. Jaiswal and A. Jaiswal, "Cabbage," in Nutritional
composition and antioxidant properties of fruits and vegitables, Elsevier,
2020, pp. 33-54.

Brewing beer, the Finnish way.
AUTHORS
Igor Tazelaar
Amber Botermans
Henk Haarman
#Brewingbeer #DMS #SMM #GC-MS
Igor Tazelaar
SPAC
Amber Botermans
SPAC

Area (Pa*s)
ABSTRACT
The goal of this project was to analyse dimethyl sulphide and S-methyl
methionine concentrations in wort that was produced with the Finnish
brewing method. This method should have no DMS and SMM in the latter
half of the wort extract, if this is the case than the duration of cooking
needed to remove DMS can be shortened which results in a more
sustainable brewing method.
An GC-MS was used to measure these concentrations, for this only DMS
needed to appear in the chromatogram. DMS will be measured first and
subsequently removed, SMM will then undergo a hydrolysis reaction which
should result in the conversion to DMS. As for now there has been traces
found of DMS and SMM in the latter half of the wort extract, which means
that the brewing method does not remove DMS and SMM after 50% of the
batch was filtered which means the brewing method composed was not
able to remove DMS and SMM after the half-way point.
TABLE OF CONTENT
GC-MS chromatogram of analysed wort extract that came from the latter half of the
extract, DMS was found at 5.710 minutes.
DMS calibration curve
5000
y = 80,049x - 115,52
4500
R² = 0,9993
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
DMS concentration (mg/L)
Calibration curve of DMS measured with
the GC-FID. An LOD and LOQ was found
87,7 and 288,8 ppb respectively
LITERATURE
[1] B. Yang en P. B. Schwarz,, 1998 „Application of Nitrogen-Purging of Malt Extracts
to Measure Two Dimethylsulfide Precursors by Headspace Gas Chromatography,”
Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 1998 , III(56), 81-84.
[2] White, F. H., & Wrainwright, T. (1976). The Measurement of Dimethyl Sulphide
Precursor in Malts Adjuncts, Worts and Beers. Journal of the Institute of Brewing, I(82),
46-48.

Medicines in surface water
AUTHORS
Justin Powell
Ruben van der Neut
Yvonne Mergler
#antibiotics #surfacewater #SPE #GC #HPLC
Justin Powell
SPECIALISATIE
Ruben van der Neut
SPECIALISATIE

ABSTRACT
Using HPLC-DAD and GC-MS method for the simultaneous determination of medicines
in surface water. The investigated medicines were Sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac and
carbamazepine. Solid phase extraction (SPE) column is used for the pre-concentration of
the water samples. And a 10,11-Dihydro-10-Hydroxycarbamazepine internal standard
was used. With the HPLC the separation is achieved in 30 minutes with a Zorbax Eclipse
XDB C18 column. A gradient programme with acetonitrile, methanol and 0.1% formic
acid solution in MILIQ water was used. Using the method, it is possible to detect 0.25
mg/L of the analysed medicines. With the use of derivatisation, it is possible to use GC-
MS to examine the different medicines. Using the HP-5 column, a separation was
obtained within 25 minutes. A detection limit of 0.25 mg/L has been achieved. An
optimisation was done with the SPE-HLB tube and recoveries of about 40-50 percent
were obtained. With the final method, a detection limit of 0.5 ug/L is achievable on the
HPLC-DAD and 0.25 ug/L is achievable using the GC-MS. As a recommendation, the use
of HPLC-MS is recommended for adding more medicines to the method and achieving
lower detection limits.
TABLE OF CONTENT
LITERATURE
[1] Irena Baranowska, Bartosz Kowalski, Using HPLC Method with DAD Detection for the
simultaneous determination of 15 drugs in surface water and wastewater, Polish journal of
environment studies, 2011, 20, 21-28
[2] Anne Togola en & Hélène Budzinski, „Analytical development for analysis of
pharmaceuticals in water samples by SPE and GC–MS,” Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,
vol. 388, nr. 3, pp. 627-635, 2007.

Determination of heavy metals in paint
using an MP-AES
Marloes Rooijakkers
Adreaan Mattheyssen
Henk Haarman
#SEEF #Paint #Metals
Adreaan Mattheyssen
SPAC
Marloes Rooijakkers
SPAC

Intensity
Commissioned by the company SEEF we are tasked to create and validate a
method to measure concentrations of metals in paint samples. The
measured metals are Ti, Co, Ni, Pb, Al, Zn and Cd. SEEF’s current measuring
method makes use of an XRF, this is a fast method but only gives a rough
estimation of the concentration. For more accurate measurements we
created a method using a MP-AES. To extract the metals from the paint a
pre-processing step is required. This pre-processing step is a destruction
using a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Afterwards the
mixture is filtered and then measured.
Titanium (Ti) Calibration Curve + Samples 1 & 2
600000
500000
400000
300000
Calibration
Sample 1
200000
100000
0
0 5 10 15
concentration (ppm)
Sample 2
Lineair
(Calibration)
LITERATURE
[1] D. G. Megertu en L. D. Bayissa, „Heavy metal contents of selected
commercially available oil-based house paints intended for residential use
in Ethiopia,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 1, nr. 27, p.
17175–17183, 2020.
[2] X.-Y. Cui, S.-W. Li, S.-J. Zhang, Y.-Y. Fan en L. Q. Ma, „Toxic metals in
children's toys and jewelry: Coupling bioaccessibility with risk assessment,”
Environmental Pollution, nr. 200, pp. 77-84, 2015.
[3] S. Mercan, S. Z. Ellez, Z. Türkmen, M. Yayla en S. Cengiz, „Quantitative lead
determination in coating paint on children's outwear by LA-ICP-MS: A
practical calibration strategy for solid samples,” Talanta, vol. 1, nr. 135, pp.
222-227, 2015.

Detection of Medicine residues in surface
water with HPLC and GC
AUTHORS
Kelly van Sighem
Remco Hugens
Bram Margry
#Analyticalchemistry #HPLC #SPE #GC
Kelly van Sighem
SPECIALISATIE
Remco Hugens
SPECIALISATIE

[3] W. C. e. al., “Simultaneous determination of 20 trace organic chemicals in waters by solidphase
extraction (SPE) with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQ-MS) and hybrid
ABSTRACT
Research is being conducted of the method development and analysis of medicines in
surface water with HPLC and GC. The medicines under investigation are
Sulfamethoxazole, Diclofenac and Carbamazepine.
TABLE OF CONTENT
According to the literature research it is expected that the concentration of the medicines
lie between 0,01 ug/L and 1 ug/L. Because of these low concentrations a solid phase
extraction (SPE) is performed to pre-concentrate the samples. This SPE consists of a C18
column with a polymer absorbance, methanol is used as the mobile phase. [3]. After
extraction the eluent is evaporated with nitrogen and the residue is redissolved in a
mixture of methanol and water. After the SPE procedure the samples will be analysed with
HPLC-DAD. The HPLC consists of a C18 column, an injection volume of 20 uL and a
mobile phase (gradient) of water with 0,05% TFA, methanol and acetonitrile. [2] The
quantification is done by means of a calibration line. All three medicines have been shown
to be detectable with this method at these low concentrations on HPLC.
According to the literature research Diclofenac is the most suited for GC analysis.
However, a sample preparation is needed. This will be performed by a derivatization step
with MSTFA and a liquid-liquid extraction. With this derivatization step the compounds
are more suitable to analyse on the GC. The samples are being analysed with a HP5
column and FID detector. For the quantification of this method an internal standard is
used. [1]
LITERATURE
[1] M. E. A. F. B. A. T. H. K. Senar Aydin, “Analysis of diclofenac in water samples using in situ
derivatisation-vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction with gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry,” in Enviromental Engineering, Konya, Turkey, 2018, pp. 313-324.
[2] I. B. e. B. Kowalsk, “Using HPLC Method with DAD Detection for the Simulttaneaous
Determination of 15 Drugs in surface water and wastewater,” Dept. Analytical Chemistry.
Solesian University of Technology, 2010.

Toxins in distillates
AUTHORS
Daaf Verduijn
Tim Boumans
Yvonne Mergler/Henk Haarman
Daaf Verduijn
SPAC
Tim Boumans
SPAC

ABSTRACT
Distillation is used in the food industry to make spirits with high ethanol
concentration. In eastern Europe and South America home brewing and
distilling is quite common. There is no quality control on home made
products. [1] To produce ethanol a a sugar solution is fermented. Ethyl
carbamate, classified as a carcinogen, is produced in the fermentation step.
Ethyl carbamate is formed from cyanogenic glycoside. [3] To determine
safety of home-brewed distillates a method for determination of ethanol,
methanol, propanol, and ethyl carbamate for the GC-FID is developed. A
GC-MS is used to identify possible unknown substances. The materials used
for the creation of home brew are often made of copper, copper is one of
the most common metals to be present in distillates and presents some
health risk. Of the 5 most common metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Sn, Pb) [2] found in
distillates the concentration is determined with an Agilent 4210 MP-AES. 2
home-made samples are analysed, one distilled with copper equipment
and one with glass laboratory equipment. One commercial sample has
been analysed. two distillates with a high ethanol concentration (90-95%
vol) are analysed.
LITERATURE
TABLE OF CONTENT
[1] L. Pál, T. Muhollari, O. Bujdosó, B. E., O. Nagy, E. Árnyas, R. Ádány, J.
Sándor, M. McKee en S. Szűcs, „Heavy metal contamination in recorded and
unrecorded spirits. Should we worry?,” Regulatory Toxicology and
Pharmacology, p. 104723, 2020.
[2]
J. G. Ibanez, Carreon-Alvarez en C. N. Barcena-Soto, „Metals in alcoholic
beverages: A review of sources, effect, concentrations, removal, speciation,
and analysis,” journal of food composition an analysis, vol. 21, nr. 8, pp.
672-683, 2008.
[3] D. Ryu, B. Choi, E. Kim, S. Park, H. Paeng, K. C. I., J. Y.
Lee, H. J. Yoon en E. Koh, „Determination of Ethyl
Carbamate in Alcoholic Beverages and Fermented
Foods Sold in Korea,” Toxicological Research, vol. 31,

Acknowledgements
This book of abstracts is special, but without the help of
the following people this would not even be possible. At
first, I want to thank all the project leaders: Henk
Haarman, Marieke van Deursen, Niels Leijten, Bram
Margry, Ad Dekkers, Yvonne Mergler and Nard
Schellekens for their support during this specialisation.
With a special thanks to Paula Contreras Carballada for
the organisation of this book of abstracts. Next, we
would like to thank the technical staff of ATGM for their
support and input during our time on the laboratory.
The book of abstract commission: Ryan Fong, Quinten
Maessen and Carlijn Smits

ATGM–Academy for Technology of Health
and Environment