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Towards Your CPD / News Theory X and Theory Y Instructional Styles Phil Burman In this article I quote from the work of Douglas Murray McGregor, who formulated the Theory X and Theory Y Instructional Styles hypothesis. He analysed two areas of behaviour in respect of: • The instructor’s style of tuition. • The way instructors treat pupils. Based on hundreds of hours of studying instructors in different fields, McGregor concluded that instructors tend to make one of two assumptions. In my view, his conclusions reflect the way many ADIs treat their pupils. According to McGregor, Theory X Instructors believe most pupils lack ability, are unintelligent, somewhat lazy, and avoid putting effort into learning whenever possible. He found Theory Y Instructors believe it is normal for pupils to work hard at their lessons. Each assumption leads the instructor to approach the task differently. Theory X instructors fall into two distinct camps. They either adopt a strict approach or a much too soft style of tuition. The strict approach results in: n Instructor-centred teaching. n The instructor controlling the lesson at all times. n Coercing the pupil with threats, for example: ‘If you do that, you’ll fail your test!’ n A poor instructor-pupil relationship. n Pupils becoming resistant to instruction. n Pupils applying the minimum amount of effort. If the Theory X instructor utilises a soft style, his opinion remains the same, but he thinks pupils need continuous praise to learn. The praise might be insincere, but he says it anyway. This instructor is likely to be over tolerant of mistakes. But it doesn’t matter which approach the Theory X instructor takes because: either way, their tuition is inadequate The Theory Y instructor thinks the effort put into learning is natural, and he expects it. He uses a variety of tuition styles and is prepared to use whichever of the following methods bring the best results: n Consultation and participation. n Coaching. n Client-centred learning. n Instructor-centred teaching. n A hard-line approach. n A softly-softly approach. Theory Y instructor characteristics include: n Excellent listening skills. n A good understanding of body language. n Applying effort to fulfil a pupil’s potential, pushing them when necessary. n Believing there is no ‘one best way’ that must be adhered to. The instructional method depends on the pupil and circumstances. n A supportive approach to learning. Theory Y instructors use different techniques and teaching aids and show commitment and skill. It seems there is a world of difference between the two instructor types. Yet McGregor states a common factor links Theory X and Theory Y instructors. He says both approaches have one overall effect, which he calls the selffulfilling prophecy. This common link means pupils invariably respond according to how they are treated. Think back to your school days. The subjects you liked and were good at – can you recall those teachers? If so, I’m sure they provided encouragement and treated you well. What about the others who couldn’t teach for toffee and blamed you for your lack of understanding? And those who handed out insults left, right and centre when they failed to get their points across. Need I say more? If we give the impression we think pupils are stupid, won’t work hard, have a couldn’t-care-less attitude and lack the expected level of skill, that’s the way they will respond. If we treat pupils with respect, show we think they are responsible, able and committed to working hard to achieve the required standard, that’s also the way they’ll behave. SPECIAL OFFER: Top Tips for Instructors On a different matter, I know how tough our job can be in normal times, let alone now. So I decided to put the knowledge and experience gained from almost 40 years into a format others may find helpful. My book, ‘The Top Ten Tips For Instructors’, explains how to increase prices successfully (which I believe are still too low), improve teaching results and continually maintain a full diary. Check out Amazon Kindle for ‘The Top Ten Tips For Instructors’ in the near future, or email me for the publication date. In the meantime, if you would like to see something in advance from ‘The Top Ten Tips For Instructors’, send an email to me at phil@philburman.com, and I’ll send you an article on Facebook advertising from marketing guru Nial Adams. It’s detailed, contains stacks of valuable tips, and there’s no charge for the advance copy. I am limited to the first 50 requests, so send for it now if you want it. The X and Y instructor: which camp do you fall in...? 22 NEWSLINK n JANUARY <strong>2022</strong>
For all the latest news, see www.msagb.com UK roads getting worse, says RAC Some 38 per cent of drivers surveyed for the RAC’s annual Report on Motoring said the condition and maintenance of local roads was a concern, up from 33 per cent in 2019. This puts it ahead of other issues such as drivers using handheld phones (32 per cent), the poor standard of other motorists’ driving (27 per cent) and the aggressive behaviour of other drivers (26 per cent). 52 per cent of drivers believe the condition of local roads have deteriorated over the past 12 months – compared to just 6 per cent who believe they have improved. The RAC says the findings correlate with its own data, which shows there were 1,871 call outs during the third quarter of 2020 for damaged shock absorbers, broken suspension springs or distorted wheels – breakdowns that are ‘most likely to have been caused by poor road surfaces’. This is the highest third-quarter percentage of all RAC breakdowns seen since 2015. Take the 20m test, says DVLA DVLA has launched a new campaign to encourage all drivers to have their eyesight checked. The campaign stresses the difficulties driving in winter can cause which are exacerbated by poor vision, such as bad weather, ice on windscreens, low winter sun and more likelihood of driving in poor light or darkness. The campaign calls on all drivers to ensure they have their eyesight tested every two years as a minimum. If you don’t meet the minimum eyesight standard, you must stop driving and tell the DVLA. Before then, why not ask your family and friends to take the 20-metre number plate test? That’s the distance at which you need to be able to read a car number plate. But how far away is 20 metres? It is around the length of five parked cars, or the length of 2 double decker buses. Worryingly, a survey by DVLA found that fewer than 50 per cent of motorists are aware that they must read a number plate from 20 metres. Going like the wind An Irish driver was caught speeding at 201km/h (124mph) on the M9 near Kilkenny in the middle of torrential rain and high-speed winds as a result of December’s Storm Barra. The irony... he was stopped just as local police were urging all drivers to “exercise extreme caution” as a result of the appalling weather conditions... NEWSLINK n JANUARY <strong>2022</strong> 23
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