11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological and Evolutionary Genomics of Coral Reef Organisms 6-26 Exploring Symbiotic Interactions in the Sea Anemone-Zooxanthellae Model by Large-Scale ESTs Analysis Philippe GANOT 1 , Aurelie MOYA* 1 , Emeline DELEURY 2 , Denis ALLEMAND 3 , Paola FURLA 1 , Cecile SABOURAULT 1 1 ECOMERS, Nice Sophia Antipolis University, Nice cedex2, France, Metropolitan, 2 UMR 1112 ROSE, INRA, Sophia Antipolis, France, Metropolitan, 3 Scientific Centre of Monaco, Monaco, Monaco To characterize genes involved in the symbiotic association between the cnidarian sea anemone Anemonia viridis and its dinoflagellate symbiont (zooxanthellae) Symbiodinium sp., a large EST collection was generated. A cDNA library was constructed from total mRNAs (cnidarian and zooxanthellae) isolated from symbiotic, aposymbiotic (bleached) and stressed (temperature) animals. A total of 39,939 ESTs compiled in 4,614 contigs and 10,976 singletons sequences were analyzed. Comparison to the genomic Nematostella vectensis database and to all other annotated expressed sequences (UniProt) indicates that our A. viridis dataset comprises sequences related to metazoan, protists and prokaryotes, respectively 51%, 8% and 3.9%, as well as 35.1% without known homology to any sequences. Interestingly, long 3’ UTR often containing a miniature non-autonomous transposon element (MITE related) are overrepresented in our Anemonia–assigned sequences. A subset of 2,000 genes, potentially involved in symbiosis (heterotrophic metabolism, transporter, cell cycle control …), were used to design a 60 mer oligonucleotides dedicated microchip. Comparative gene expression through microarrays analysis between symbiotic, aposymbiotic and stressed animals are currently underway. 6-27 Genomic Insight Into Drupella Sp.: Establishment And Analysis Of An Est Database Bishoy HANNA* 1 , Felipe CHAMBERGO 2 , Hamza EL DORRY 1 , Moshira HASSAN 1 , I CHAMBERGO 2 , Amira MAHMOUD 1 1 American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt, 2 University of SÃ£o Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil The corallivorous gastropod Drupella sp. has caused considerable damage to a number of coral reefs in the Red Sea over the last years. These outbreaks have been linked to other diseases, but the underlying cause is still unclear. In this work, we establish an insight into the genome of Drupella sp. using an EST library. Surveys were conducted on a heavily infested reef in the northern Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. The total RNA was isolated from a whole organism, which was collected from a colony of Stylophora pistillata. A cDNA library was constructed and 9408 random clones were sequenced. Computational analysis resulted in a total of 3353 sequences of which 2109 received no significant BLASTX match while the other 1244 sequences were further classified according to the Gene Ontology classification. The resulting classification covered most physiological activities carried by the organism. The sequences revealed a group of retrotransposons that were expressed at the time of collection. In addition to neurotoxins and other toxin genes that were expressed, several proteins were found that are expressed as responses to oxidative stress, hypoxia, viruses, and bacterial infections. Some of ESTs found are most likely of non-mollusk origin resembling symbionts and parasites that are part of the organism and the reef community. A website was constructed to cater for the data generated, with a BLAST search interface. The isolated genes can be investigated as potential biomarkers for water contamination and in order to understand the conditions leading to Drupella sp. outbreaks. The retrotransposons found can be compared spatially to establish population barriers. These results will also be used to find useful genes to study population genetics of this organism at different temporal and spatial scales. 6-28 Do Corals Possess The Protective Mucus Encoding Muc Genes? Amita JATKAR* 1 , John BYTHELL 2 , Barbara BROWN 1 , Jeff PEARSON 3 , Nick MORRIS 4 , Reia GUPPY 1 1 Division of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 2 Division of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon tyne, United Kingdom, 3 Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 4 School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom Mucus functions as first line of defence against infections, amongst other roles. The protective role of mucus depends upon gel-forming properties of mucin molecules that are encoded by the MUC genes. Although the presence of MUC genes has been detected in several vertebrate groups, mucus or a mucus-like extra cellular matrix is believed to be secreted in all groups of animals. The human MUC gene family is comparatively well studied and expanding rapidly, with 19 MUC genes discovered so far. These MUC genes have been grouped into secretory and membrane-bound mucins. Failure of this protective barrier has been associated with changes in structure, function and physical properties of mucins. These changes have been demonstrated as a possible prognostic tool for early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer, tumour and cystic fibrosis in humans. Earlier studies on coral mucus show an inconsistent chemical composition influenced by depth, aging and contamination from the environment. It is well established that coral surface mucus harbours a distinct microbial community that respond to changes in environmental factors. Study of mucus-microbial interactions is critical to understand phenomena such as bleaching and disease. Relatively little information is available regarding MUC gene structure and functions in corals. The present study examines the ways to detect coral MUC genes by tracing the evolution of MUC genes from cnidarians to mammals using bioinformatics and molecular tools. Using a range of bioinformatic techniques, six potential MUC-gene sequences have been recovered from the available coral databases. Three of these are from the hyper-variable tandem repeat (TR) domain or mucin domain and are highly likely to represent human MUC-gene homologues. This study will enhance the understanding of host responses and changes in defensive capabilities due to changing surrounding conditions. 6-29 New Applications For A Proven Tool: Metabolite Profiling And Chemometrics To Characterise Effects Of Turbidity And Sedimentation On The Coral Acropora Millepora Anke KLUETER* 1 , Jonathon L. NIELSON 1 1 Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia With constantly increasing levels of land based activities within the GBR catchment there is an increasing need to innovate and explore new methodologies of monitoring reef health and water quality. Metabolomics, a growing research discipline in systems biology, allows us to look at a metabolic response of the cell and organism as a whole. Objects of study are primary and secondary metabolites, necessary for life and the intermediates and end products of cellular regulatory processes. The state of an organisms ‘metabolome’ at any point in time represents the interaction of the organism’s genome with its environment. By taking a ‘snapshot’ of the metabolic profile of an organism under various environmental stressors it is possible to identify metabolites involved in the organisms biochemical response to stress. We examined the stress response of Acropora millepora to changing water quality. Using a tank system with controlled environmental conditions, corals from inshore and mid-shelf locations were exposed to shaded and non-shaded conditions with and without suspended particulate matter (SPM). The coral’s metabolic response was investigated by preparing acetone/methanol extracts and acquiring Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra (HNMR) and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) data. Data were subjected to Principal Component Analysis. Significant clustering in relation to treatment was observed in the HNMR data sets. The first principal component was strongly correlated to presence or absence of SPM. Samples showed also a tendency to cluster according to exposure to light or shade. Analysis of LC-MS data showed the strongest correlation between the coral’s geographic origin. Here we identified four different metabolites between inshore and mid-shelf colonies. Our results demonstrate the prospective of metabolomics as a new monitoring technology to assess coral health. 45
7-1 Patterns of Coral Diseases in the Florida Keys from 1998 – 2005 Deborah SANTAVY* 1 , Susan YEE 1 , Mace BARRON 1 1 Gulf Ecology Division, US EPA, NHEERL, Gulf Breeze, FL Diseases have been identified as a major threat to reef-building corals causing morbidity and mortality. Increased mortality has lead to degradation, especially those reefs dominated by several susceptible species. Increased morbidity has reduced the health of reef-building corals making them more vulnerable to other environmental stressors. Reported incidence, prevalence, and distribution of coral diseases have been greatest from the tropical Western Atlantic, with emergent coral diseases, such as aspergillosis and serratiosis originating from terrestrial sources. Epizootiological studies assessed the prevalence of dominant coral diseases in the Florida Keys reef tract from 1998-2005, from the Dry Tortugas to the Upper Keys. Annual assessments were repeated at permanent sites in mid-summer throughout the area. Data were adjusted so coral community composition, specifically the absence of susceptible species, did not bias the results. Canonical correspondence analyses revealed coral diseases patterns related to spatial and temporal parameters. Reef depth was the most discriminating parameter for all coral diseases surveyed. White plague and white-band disease had the highest prevalence on deeper reefs, whereas black-band disease was most prevalent on mid-depth reefs, and red-band disease and white pox were most prevalent on shallow reefs. Whiteband disease had the highest prevalence in the early years, whereas dark-spots disease had increased incidence in the later years of the study. Dark-spots and yellow-blotch diseases were more common in the Dry Tortugas, whereas black-band disease had the highest prevalence in the Middle Keys. One of the first steps in identifying and managing health threats of reefs is to establish disease prevalence and incidence to understand patterns and associate them with other variables to determine causative factors. In tropical marine systems prevention or control of coral disease can assist in precluding the collapse of important ecological functions and ecosystem services. 7-2 The Role Of Diseases in Coral Community Structure Shifts in Mexican Caribbean Reefs Eric JORDÁN-DAHLGREN* 1 , Rosa RODRÍGUEZ-MARTÍNEZ 2 , Adan Guillermo JORDÁN-GARZA 3 , David M. BAKER 4 , Jason ANDRAS 5 , Leonardo VAZQUEZ- VERA 6 1 ICMyL, UAPM, Universidad Nacional A. de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico, 2 ICMyL, UAPM, Universidad nacional A. de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico, 3 ICMYL, UAPM, UNiversidad Nacional A. de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico, 4 Ecology and evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 5 Ecology and Evolutionary biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 6 ICMyL,UAPM, Universidad Nacional A. de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico Montastraea annularis, M. faveolata and M. franksi, the major local coral reef builders after the demise of Acroporids in the Mexican Caribbean, has decreased more than half in a twenty years span; presumably due to diseases. Recent data (2005-2007) from highly replicated permanent sites spread over a 200km reef tract shows relatively large rates of whole colony and partial mortality for these species, both within and between sampling sites. Yellow Blotch syndrome appears to be the major cause of the observed mortality patterns, although other disease signs also play a role. Species of Acropora, Diploria and Colpophyllia natans, the other potentially important reef builders are also being severely affected by other diseases. In contrast Agaricia agaricites, Porites astreoides and Siderastrea siderea while not being immune to coral diseases show a much higher resistance and mortality rates are comparably low; becoming the dominant components in reefs down to 15m deep. Although variable among sites, comparisons of species size structures indicates that local shifts in dominant species appears to be related to higher survival rates, rather than to increased recruitment rates. Analyzing linkages of the observed patterns with site relative degree of local development, protected and nonprotected status and local thermal anomalies shows mixed trends. These findings suggest that global and regional drivers of environmental deterioration may have a stronger influence than local ones in the study area. Oral Mini-Symposium 7: Diseases on Coral Reefs 7-3 Recent Changes To Montastraea Annularis And M. Faveolata Populations In Southwestern Puerto Rico And Associated Islands From Disease And Bleaching Andrew BRUCKNER* 1 , Ron HILL 2 1 NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD, 2 Fisheries, NOAA, Galveston, TX Over the last decade, reefs off southwest Puerto Rico and the associated islands have experienced losses in live coral cover in excess of 50%, primarily due to the decline of M. annularis and M. faveolata. These species were formerly the largest and most abundant corals remaining on these reefs. Outbreaks of coral disease, especially white plague and yellow band disease, affected over 50% of the colonies in some sites during the late 1990s; disease prevalence declined between 2002-2004 and then increased immediately following a 2005 mass bleaching event. These diseases have caused unprecedented rates of mortality, with cumulative losses exacerbated by bleaching and parrotfish predation. In both species, a lack of recruitment and only limited recovery through resheeting have been observed, and exposed skeletal surfaces are being colonized by macroalgae, bioeroding sponges, hydrozoans, and other scleractinian coral recruits (primarily Porites and Agaricia). Unlike acroporids, which have the potential for rapid growth and recovery, M. annularis and M. faveolata are unlikely to recover in our lifetimes and are being replaced by shorter-lived brooding species and other massive and plating species with faster growth and higher recruitment rates. The impacts of these shifts on coral community structure and reef fisheries are unknown. Approaches undertaken to recover acroporids, such as propagation through fragmentation and grow-out of sexual recruits, are less likely to work for M. annularis (complex) - species with slow rates of growth and limited recruitment. To avoid a catastrophic and permanent shift in coral community composition, research needs to be directed towards an improved understanding of the causes and impacts of diseases and bleaching, and possible control mechanisms. Managers and policy makers must take steps to mitigate environmental and anthropogenic stressors that increase the spread and severity of disease. 7-4 The Future Of Coral Reefs in The Us Virgin Islands: Why acropora Palmata Is More Likely To Recover Than montastraea Annularis Complex Caroline ROGERS* 1 , Erinn MULLER 2 , Tony SPITZACK 1 , Jeff MILLER 3 1 US Geological Survey, St John, Virgin Islands (U.S.), 2 Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 3 National Park Service, St John, Virgin Islands (U.S.) The Caribbean bleaching/disease event that began in the summer of 2005 caused significant mortality of the two most important reef-building corals in the US Virgin Islands (USVI), Acropora palmata and Montastraea annularis complex (Macx). These corals characterize the shallow and mid-depth zones of the islands’s reefs, and their ability to recover will define the future seascape in the USVI. Research on A. palmata from 2003 to 2007 around St. John documented disease prevalence ranging from 0 to 52% with high levels of white pox (and undescribed diseases) and very low levels of white band disease that caused major losses 25-30 years ago. Over 94% of the white pox lesions healed at least partially. Acropora palmata bleached for the first time in the USVI in 2005. Forty-five percent of 460 colonies from several sites bleached, and 8% died. Bleached corals had greater disease mortality than unbleached. Acropora palmata had high genotypic variation, and evidence of limited, recent sexual recruitment. Survival of fragments ranged from 29 to 60%. Deeper reef zones dominated by Macx showed greater coral bleaching and mortality (primarily from white plague) following the record-high seawater temperatures in 2005. Over 98% of the Macx bleached, and ca. 90% of the disease mortality was seen on Macx. Healing of disease lesions was not observed. Over the next 50 to 100 years, A. palmata has a greater potential to recover than Macx because of its higher growth rate, greater ability to colonize new areas through fragmentation, and lower vulnerability to bleaching and disease. The future of these major reef-building corals and of USVI reefs will depend also on the connectivity between these reef zones and sources of coral larvae. 46
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
Page 12 and 13: Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
Page 14: Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
Page 18 and 19: 1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
Page 20 and 21: 1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
Page 22 and 23: 1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
Page 24 and 25: 1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
Page 26 and 27: Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
Page 28 and 29: Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
Page 30 and 31: Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
Page 32 and 33: Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
Page 34 and 35: 3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
Page 36 and 37: Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
Page 44 and 45: Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
Page 56 and 57: Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
Page 64 and 65: 7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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Page 70 and 71: 7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
Page 72 and 73: 7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
Page 74 and 75: 7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
Page 76 and 77: 8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
Page 78 and 79: 8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
Page 80 and 81: 8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
Page 82 and 83: 8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
Page 84 and 85: 8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
Page 86 and 87: 9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
Page 88 and 89: 9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
Page 90 and 91: Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
Page 100 and 101: 10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
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9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecologica
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predictin
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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