11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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Poster Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversity and Diversification of Reef Organisms 26.1170 Cymothoid Isopods On Coral Reef Fishes in The Near Shore Marine Environment Of St. Kitts, Lesser Antilles. Maureen SULLIVAN* 1 , Raphaela STIMMELMAYR 2 1 St.Kitts Reef Ecology Watchgroup, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis, 2 Ross University Veterinary School, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis Nine Species of Cymothoid isopods of the genera Anilocra spp. selectivily associate with specific West Indian fish species and are location specific. Anilocra infestation is thought to impact breeding success, interfere with swimming dynamics, decrease fish size, and is known to cause lesions in the host ranging from localized tissue inflammation to underlying bone deformities. As part of a larger marine ecosystem survey project (2006- 2007) of the marine environment, isopod parasitism as a potential useful marine ecosystem health indicator was monitored during roving diver/snorkel fish species surveys. Anilocra chromis Williams and Williams on Brown Chromis (Chromis multilineatus) but not Blue Chromis (C. cyaneus) and Anilocra haemuli on French Grunt, Haemulon flavolineatum, Smallmouth Grunt, H.Chrysargyum, and Caesar Grunt, H.carbonarium were observed. The host location of isopods is beneath the eye of host. The observed isopods were of mature size and affected grunts appear depressed. We did not measure body size; however, no obvious size differences were apparent in affected vs. unaffected hosts. The distribution profile of isopods on grunts differed between different sites. Although other fish species (i.e. groupers) known to be parasitized by A. haemuli are present at many of these sites, only the grunts and Brown Chromis were affected. We do not know what environmental and ecological factors (i.e. sea-water temperature; algae; cleaner density) are contributing to the observed differences in isopod parasitism. Preliminary data suggests that there is no difference in presence of cleaner fish between the bays. Based on long term local observations, seasonal seawater temperature increases have been occurring earlier and lasting longer. This is the first report on isopod parasitism and geographical distribution for the marine environment of St. Kitts. 26.1171 Species Diversity Of Fishes in Main Coral Reefs Of China Wentao NIU* 1 , Rongcheng LIN 1 1 Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of China, Xiamen, China, People's Republic of China’s coral reefs are found mainly around Hainan Island and offshore, in the Nansha、Zhongsha and Xisha Islands of South China Sea. For rational conservation and management and sustainable use of reef fish resources throughout South China Sea, we analyzed the fish species composition of main coral reefs in China according to historical survey data and investigation of late years. The results indicated that there’re more than 200 reef fishes (including more than 30 species cartilaginous fishes) in main coral reefs of China, of which 197 species (including 5 species cartilaginous fishes) in Hainan Island, 101 species (including 22 species cartilaginous fishes) in Nansha Islands, 115 Species (including 23 species cartilaginous fishes) in Xisha Islands, 68 species(including 11 species cartilaginous fishes) in Zhongsha Islands. Carcharhiniformes and Myliobatiformes were dominant families of the cartilaginous fishes, while Perciformes and Teraodontiformes were dominant families of the bony fishes. In fact, due to the restriction of investigation methods etc, coral-reef fish species in China could be far more than 200 species. Keywords: species diversity, fishes, coral reef, China 26.1172 Two Species Of Giant Clams (Tridacnidae) Show Different Depth Distributions And Divergent Feeding Strategies Carin JANTZEN* 1 , Christian WILD 2 , Mohammed EL-ZIBDAH 3 , Hilly ROA-QUIAOIT 4 , Christoph HAACKE 2 , Claudio RICHTER 1 1 Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Bremen, Germany, 2 Coral Reef Ecology Work Group (CORE), Center of Geobiology and Biodiversity Research, MÃ¼nchen, Germany, 3 Marine Science Station Aqaba, Aqaba, Jordan, 4 McKeough Marine Center, Xavier University, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines Two species of giant clams coexist in the Red Sea and show different depth distributions: Tridacna maxima occurs mostly in shallow water (reef flat and edge), while T. squamosa can be found mostly in deeper water (>40 m). This can be attributed to differences in hetero- vs. autotrophy in the two species. T. maxima shows high light adaptation through a significant higher Pmax and greater photosynthesis measured via oxygen fluxes during short time chamber incubations (gross oxygen production: 120.3 and T. squamosa 84.8 µmol O2 cm-2 mantle area d-1) than T. squamosa. T. maxima was also able to maintain a high productivity (92 % of Pmax) under reduced light levels corresponding to water depth of 20 m. The deeper-dwelling T. squamosa, by contrast, fared less well at simulated depths of 20 m (44 % of Pmax). Chamber incubations were used to calculate “the percent contribution of algal carbon to the host’s daily requirements for respiration” (CZAR). This revealed that in shallow water (~ 0.5 m) autotrophy exceeds respiration by a factor of 1.88 for T. maxima and 1.53 for T. squamosa. The calculated compensation depth (where gross photosynthesis equals respiration) of T. maxima matches the actual maximum depth of occurrence (16 m). These findings suggest that T. maxima is obligately photoautotrophic, and its depth distribution is limited by light. By contrast, the compensation depth of T. squamosa (9 m) was much shallower than the maximum depth of occurrence. This suggests that T. squamosa relies – as a true mixotroph - on additional heterotrophic sources to fuel its metabolism (e.g. filter-feeding). 26.1173 A Molecular Assessment of Speciation and Evolutionary History of the Globally Distributed Spotted Eagle Ray (Aetobatus narinari) Vincent RICHARDS 1 , Marcy HENNING 1 , Wayne WITZELL 2 , Mahmood SHIVJI* 1 1 National Coral Reef Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, 2 SouthEast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Miami, FL The spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari), a species of conservation concern (Near Threatened IUCN category) is commonly associated with coral reef ecosystems worldwide where it is likely to play an important predatory role. Currently described as a single, circumglobally distributed species, geographic differences in parasite diversity have led to suggestions that A. narinari may constitute a species complex. There has been no systematic evidence to support this suggestion, however. If multiple species of spotted eagle ray exist, each will likely posses decreased geographic ranges and population sizes, altering the impacts of threats and requiring separate assessments of conservation needs. We assessed the validity of A. narinari as a single cosmopolitan species using 1570bp of sequence data from two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and COI) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS2 locus. Individuals from four major geographic regions were examined: western north Atlantic, and western, central, and eastern Pacific. Phylogenies for each locus concordantly described three distinct lineages (western north Atlantic, western/central Pacific, and eastern Pacific) with no genetic exchange among regions. Genetic distances among the most divergent lineages were comparable to taxonomically uncontroversial batoid and teleost congener pairs. Using combined genealogical concordance and genetic distance results, we recommend 1) that the western/central Pacific lineage be recognized as a distinct species from the western north Atlantic and eastern Pacific lineages, and 2) the western north Atlantic and eastern Pacific lineages, separated by the Isthmus of Panama, be given subspecies status. Dramatically higher nucleotide diversity and sequence divergence coupled with a basal position in multiple phylogenetic analyses support an Indo-West Pacific origin for the A. narinari species complex, with subsequent migration into the Atlantic. Evolutionary relationships among lineages suggest a westerly migration around the southern tip of Africa, with intensification of the Benguela coldwater upwelling system a possible vicariant mechanism underlying speciation. 557
Poster Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversity and Diversification of Reef Organisms 26.1174 Coral Assemblages Of Cabo Verde Islands (North Atlantic): Preliminary Assessment And Description. João MONTEIRO* 1,2 , Corrine ALMEIDA 3 , Rui FREITAS 3 , Aricson DELGADO 3 , Filipe PORTEIRO 1,2 , Ricardo S. SANTOS 1,2 1 Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal, 2 Centro do IMAR da Universidade do Açores, Horta, Portugal, 3 Departamento de Pescas e Tecnologia de Recursos Aquáticos, Instituto Superior de Engenharia e Ciências do Mar, Mindelo, Cape Verde The islands of Cabo Verde, North Atlantic, are an important hotspot of tropical reef biodiversity, and one of the top ten priority locations worldwide for the conservation of reef habitats. Despite the absence of major coral reef structures, and of the relative poor diversity of coral species, these islands’ coral communities constitute unique habitats and thought to play a key role in local coastal ecosystems. The objective of this work was to conduct a preliminary ecological assessment of coral communities in Cabo Verde. Two fieldtrips were conducted using underwater transects with DAFOR semi-quantitative scale to estimate relative abundance of coral species. This effort, together with a review of historical records, allowed a preliminary identification and description of three major coral biotopes: i) antipatharians facies in vertical walls; ii) Siderastrea radians pavements over shallow bedrock; and iii) diverse coral coverage over rocky reef with sand patches. Coral species’ diversity in these biotopes is comparatively lower than those from other tropical reef ecosystems (e.g. West Atlantic and Indo-Pacific regions). Observations from the fieldtrip to Sal Island, where a more extensive survey was possible, revealed greater living coverage and biodiversity on the leeward side when compared with the windward side of the island. Depth and hard substrate orientation (vertical/horizontal) appear to act as major environmental factors structuring these biotopes. The importance of other abiotic factors affecting their distribution, structure and diversity, such as water temperature, West African upwelling influence and dust deposition from Sahara desert, by prevailing and harmatan winds, are briefly discussed. An experimental design, including a quantitative approach and the use of data loggers for temperature and photosynthetic irradiance monitoring, is proposed for future research and accurate ecological characterisation of these biotopes and associated coral communities. 26.1175 Recent Sightings Of Longsnout Seahorse, Hippocampus Reidi in The Marine Environment Of St. Kitts, Lesser Antilles Vajai LATCHMAN* 1 , Maureen SULLIVAN 2 , Raphaela STIMMELMAYR 3 1 Kenneth Dive CEnter St.Kitts, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis, 2 St.Kitts Reef Ecology Watch Group, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis, 3 Ross University Veterinary School, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis Only two species of Seahorses occur in the Caribbean, the Longsnout, Hippocampus reidi and Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus erectus. General information on the abundance of Longsnout Seahorse is lacking and the species has been categorized as data deficient indicating a need for further studies. The Lined Seahorse is currently listed by the IUCN as a vulnerable species. In 2007, three single individuals, H. reidi have been repeatedly sighted at three different shallow reef dive sites. Although seahorses nearly always occur in pairs and the home ranges for the species is rather small, as of yet no pairs have been sighted. The reefs are mixed habitat with corals, sea grass beds, and sponges present. Later habitats are often associated with seahorses. Previous longsnout seahorse sightings dating back to 1993 have over the years been inconsistent and restricted to only one of the sites. The recent frequent sightings and identification of a new reef site could indicate an increase in the local seahorse population size. Further studies are needed to estimate the local seahorse population size and habitat characteristics. 26.1176 Comparison of Bacterial Diversity within the Coral Reef Sponge, Axinella corrugata, the Encrusting Coral Erythopodium Caribaeorum and Adjacent Environmental Samples Jose LOPEZ* 1 , Peter MCCARTHY 2 , Angela LEDGER 2 , Llanie RANZER 3 , Russell KERR 4 , Alan DUCKWORTH 5 1 Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, 2 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Inst at FAU, Ft Pierce, FL, 3 Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada, 5 Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia In recent years, the Caribbean reef sponge, Axinella corrugata, has been developed as a model marine invertebrate for the study of molecular genetics and secondary metabolism. To continue this characterization, we performed a cursory survey of bacterial diversity of A. corrugata using 16S rRNA gene sequences. > 100 culture-independent sequences were generated from 16S rRNA libraries of 6 different Axinella corrugata specimens, and compared with 55 cultured isolates derived from the same species. This comparison indicated a fairly narrow taxonomic distribution for Axinella microbial communities. The diversity of cultured isolates was comprised mostly of Actinobacteria, such as Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum, and Alpha- and Gamma-Proteobacteria. The culture-independent 16S rDNA clones encompassed more diverse Proteobacteria based on the higher number of “uncultured” or “unknown” representatives, with lower % similiarity values, including the Delta-Proteobacteria. Flavobacterium, and Cyanobacteria sequences. Further, this study also showed that Axinella sponges appear to host specific microbial symbionts, similar to previously identified clones termed ““OSO” environmental samples. In contrast to the sponge microbial communities, two different 16S libraries from seawater samples near one Axinella source sample were dominated by Pseudoaltermonas. Adjacent sediment samples yielded several clones of sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio, Planctomycetes and other Delta-Proteobacteria. A Clostridium-like 16S rRNA sequence was also detected after the oxygen supply to one Axinella specimen was deliberately curtailed to assess temporal changes in the microbial community. In a final comparison, the Caribbean reef coral, Erythopodium caribaeorum yielded a higher number of Beta-Proteobacteria 16S sequences relative to Axinella cultured and culture independent 16S rRNA sequences. Overall this study indicates that marine microbial community diversity can be linked to specific source host and habitats. These data fit into current programs to census total marine diversity, such as ICoMM, the International Census of Marine Microbes (http: //icomm.mbl.edu/). 26.1177 What Are The Genetic Relationships Among Morphospecies Within The Coral Genus Madracis? Maria Catalina REYES-NIVIA* 1,2 , Rolf PM BAK 1,2 , Pedro R FRADE 1,2 1 Marine Ecology and Evolution, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Netherlands, 2 Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Species morphological boundaries in scleractinian corals do not necessarily correspond to genetically distinct units. In this study, phylogenetic relationships among six closely related species in the genus Madracis were examined using two nuclear intron markers (ATPSα and SRP54). Bayesian probabilities, maximum-likelihood and parsimony analyses consistently recovered monophylies of Madracis senaria and M. carmabi using the ATPSα marker. High support values and congruent topologies suggest that morphological boundaries are consistent with these two genetically discrete units. Recurrent polyphyletic groups, shared nuclear sequences and high polymorphism at the intra- and inter-specific level between M. decactis and M. pharensis, suggest retained ancestral polymorphisms or introgressive hybridization between these taxa. Phylogenies derived from the SRP54 show continued lack of resolution or consistency, making these topologies not reliable. FST pairwise comparison based on ATPSα suggests that gene exchange is quite low among most of Madracis taxa. AMOVA analysis reveals that 59% of the genetic differentiation is attributable to variation among putative species (p < 0.001). Heterozygosity levels predicted under conditions of random mating rarely fulfilled expectations for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. M. formosa and M. pharensis exhibited significant heterozygote deficits, while, in contrast, M. mirabilis showed heterozygous excess, consequent with its common asexual dispersal mode. The overall results suggest that introgression events can occasionally occur but that inbreeding between closely related species is limited, keeping morphospecies boundaries recognizable. 558
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
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9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecologica
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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