11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting Reef Futures in the Context of Climate Change 25.1141 Variation in Zooxanthella Production Of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (Dmsp) Mary Alice COFFROTH* 1 , Maria Gabriella JACKSON 1 , Patricia MATRAI 2 , Carlton RAUSCHENBERG 2 1 Geology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 2 Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, W. Boothbay Harbor, ME Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is produced by many marine phytoplankton, including dinoflagellates. DMSP's proposed functions include an antioxidant, an osmolyte and a defensive compound, among others. Dinoflagellates within the genus Symbiodinium (zooxanthellae) that form symbioses with cnidarians also produce DMSP. However, its role in these organisms is not fully understood. We examined the variation of dissolved and particulate DMSP cellular quota (DMSPp and DMSPd, respectively) among different strains of Symbiodinium and investigated how this cellular quota changed in the presence of environmental stresses. Symbiodinium isolates from Pacific and Caribbean cnidarian hosts, reared under identical environmental conditions (14h:10h, light:dark cycle at 26oC), exhibited variation in DMSPp content both between and within clades (A, C, D, and F). Symbiodinium clade A isolates had the highest DMSPp cellular quota, suggesting a potential antioxidant role for these symbionts common in shallow, high light environments. In the intact symbiosis, DMSPp concentrations did not vary within colonies of Porites divaricata (Pd). However, significant variation was detected among coral species (Montastrea cavernosa (Mc), M. faveolata (Mf), Porites astreoides (Pa), and Pd), with Mf having the highest concentrations. We also investigated changes in DMSPp and DMSPd concentrations occurring in the intact symbiosis under temperature stress. Mc, Mf, Pa, and Pd were exposed to water temperature 2 o C above ambient for 2 weeks. Elevated temperatures did not result in a measurable increase in DMSPp concentrations compared to non-stressed corals; instead, DMSPp concentrations were greater prior to stress. However, DMSP concentrations in Pd did not change after 2 weeks of heat stress. When this coral was subjected to elevated temperature over a longer time period (3.5 wks), it bleached and showed very high DMSPp levels. 25.1142 Coral Ultrastructural Response To Elevated Pco2 And Nutrients During Tissue Repair And Regeneration D. Abigail RENEGAR* 1 , Patricia L. BLACKWELDER 1,2 , Alison L. MOULDING 1 1 National Coral Reef Institute, Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania, FL, 2 RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami Corals and coral reefs have recently experienced widespread decline attributed to anthropogenic pressure on reef systems. Growing coastal population density is expected to result in a concomitant increase in coastal runoff and nutrification of the coastal zone. Rising atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) is predicted to change ocean surface water carbonate saturation, resulting in reduced coral calcification and reef growth. While it has been shown that nutrient and pCO2 stress effect coral growth and calcification, study of the specific effects on coral tissue has not received significant attention in the literature despite considerable current interest. The objective of this research is to examine, at the ultrastructural and histological level, the process of tissue repair in corals and how it is affected by exposure to elevated nutrients and pCO2. The target species of this proposed research, Montastraea cavernosa and Porites astreoides, are important and widespread Caribbean reef-builders. Coral tissue recovery and repair processes will be assessed with transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy by examining fragments of M. cavernosa and P. astreoides exposed to elevated nitrate, phosphate, and pCO2 during wound healing. These analyses will result in a more complete understanding of the complex process of tissue repair and regeneration in corals under varying environmental conditions. 25.1143 Using The Concept Of Degree Heating Weeks And The Threshold Of Coral Bleaching Temperature To Assess The Risk Of Coral Bleaching in Taiwan Tai-Ying WU* 1 , Sharon HORNG 1 , Chang-Feng DAI 1 1 Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Degree Heating Weeks (DHWs) represent the accumulation of thermal stress that coral reefs experienced over the past 12 weeks was applied to evaluate the risk of coral bleaching under the impacts of climate change. One DHW is equivalent to one week of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) one degree Celsius greater than the expected summertime maximum. We used the threshold of coral bleaching temperature instead of the expected summertime maximum to estimate the DHW values for assessing the risk of coral bleaching in Taiwan. By reviewing the existing articles, we found the thresholds of coral bleaching temperature are negatively correlated with latitudes. To verify the applicability of the threshold, we collected SSTs from 1990 to 2006 around Taiwan together with the records of coral bleaching, and the results confirmed the temperature thresholds are adequate for indicating the occurrence of coral bleaching. The DHWs of Kenting Reefs in 2007 were used to verify its applicability as an indicator for the risk of coral bleaching. The DHW was 1.03 in mid-July when the spotted cases of coral bleaching were observed. During August and September, the DHWs were above 5, when severe and extensive coral bleaching was observed in Kenting Reefs. These results support the DHW is a good indicator for coral bleaching in Taiwan. We further used the simulated SSTs from CGCM2 SRES A2 and B2 scenarios to evaluate the risk of coral bleaching from present to 2100. The results show the risk of coral bleaching in Taiwan will increase significantly after 2050 under the A2 scenario; however, under the B2 scenario, coral bleaching will be occasional events even after 2070. Thus, lowering the greenhouse gas emission will reduce the threats of global warming on coral reefs and provide longer time for preventing coral reefs from degradation in Taiwan. 25.1144 Heat Tolerant Corals (porites Lutea and galaxea Fascicularis) From Near-Shore And Offshore Reefs in Northern Vietnam Suzanne FAXNELD* 1 , Tove Lund JÖRGENSEN 1 , Michael TEDENGREN 1 , Magnus NYSTRÖM 1 , Ngai Dang NGUYEN 2 1 2 Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, Hai Phong, Vietnam The objective of this study was to investigate how two coral species, Porites lutea and Galaxea fasicularis responded to increased water temperature and if the responses differed between species and between corals from near-shore / offshore reefs. Corals were collected from near-shore, i.e. disturbed reefs, and offshore, i.e. reefs considered pristine. The corals were exposed to gradually increased temperatures for 96 h. (day 1: 27.5°C, day 2: 30.5°C, day 3: 33.5°C, day 4: 25.5°C). The corals in the control group were exposed to 25.5°C. The results show that both species, with no regard of area, experienced a decrease in GP/R ratio day 1, after a moderate temperature increase. However, on the other exposure days there were no differences between heat treated and control corals, even though the temperature increase was 8°C above ambient on the third day of exposure. For Porties there were no differences in gross production or respiration between the two areas, while the pattern was different for Galaxea, where gross production and respiration increased only for corals from the pristine area. These results illustrate that even a small temperature increase affects the corals, but the corals then seem to adapt to the temperature changes. One explanation could be that these species are tolerant to bleaching and temperature increases, since they come from a high latitude reef and experience large temperature fluctuation over the year. The different results between disturbed and pristine area samples for Galaxea might be due to Galaxea being a sediment tolerant species which might therefore tolerate another stressor (i.e. elevated temperatures), due to useful clade types, genetic or physiological adaption to different environmental changes, or their ability to induce heat shock proteins. 549
Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting Reef Futures in the Context of Climate Change 25.1145 The Effect Of Moderate And Extreme Temperature Increases On The Physiological Responses Of Coral Reef Organisms (porites Lutea and Five Different Algae) in Northern Vietnam Tove Lund JÖRGENSEN* 1 , Suzanne FAXNELD 1 , Michael TEDENGREN 1 1 System of Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Global warming and increasing sea temperatures have shown to induce bleaching events and generate phase shifts on coral reefs. In combination with other anthropogenic factors, such as overfishing, sedimentation and pollution, this has caused world-wide coral reef degradation. Here we investigated the physiological responses to moderate temperature (30 °C) and extreme temperatures (34 °C) during 24 hours on one coral species (Porites lutea) and five algae species from three different phyla (Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta). The experiment was conducted in Do Son, close to Halong Bay in Northern Vietnam. To determine the organisms’ physiological responses, oxygen levels were measured in light (net production) and in darkness (respiration). The result from the organisms’ GP/ R ratio showed that only the member from Phaeophyta (Sargassum sp.) was significantly negatively affected by elevated temperature (34 °C). None of the other organisms showed any variation in GP/ R ratio to moderate or extreme temperature increases, which may be a result of adaptation to high seasonal temperature fluctuations. Furthermore, the results showed a positive correlation between the GP/ R ratio and temperature for Gracilaria sp. (Rhodophyta), however a negative correlation was obtained for Sargassum sp. The results from this experiment demonstrate that coral reef organisms’ physiological responses to increased temperatures are unequal, even within the same phylum. This in turn suggests that the consequences of global warming may be severe, since it not only will affect coral reef organisms directly, by reduced metabolism/ growth rate and increasing mortality, but also indirectly by altering competition between species, which in turn may lead to decreased biodiversity and an increase in coral reef vulnerability to further anthropogenic or natural disturbances. 25.1146 Evidence For Normal Gametogenesis in Bleached Colonies Of The Stony Coral oculina Patagonica Rachel ARMOZA-ZVULONI* 1,2 , Roee SEGAL 1 , Yossi LOYA 1 1 Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2 The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences of Eilat, Eilat, Israel Coral bleaching events (BEs) are occurring with increasing frequency in coral reefs worldwide and are likely to become annual, triggered by seasonal changes in water temperature. The stony coral Oculina patagonica experiences seasonal BEs in most locations along the Israeli Mediterranean coast. Therefore, it can be used as a model for assessing potential effects of expected annual BEs on physiological parameters in coral populations. Previous studies showed that overlapping between bleaching and reproduction seasons in O. patagonica impedes gametogenesis. The major objective of this study was to examine the reproductive capabilities of O. patagonica colonies undergoing chronic cyclical BEs and compare it with colonies undergoing bleaching for the first time. Samples were collected for histology during two reproductive seasons of 2004-2005 at three sites, along 140 km of the Israeli Mediterranean coast. Monthly surveys were conducted to examine bleaching prevalence and severity. In two of the three sites studied, seasonal BEs were observed during both years, while in the third site bleaching was apparent only during the second year. In contrast to previous findings, in the first two sites, bleached colonies did not differ significantly from non-bleached colonies in the reproductive parameters studied (percentage of fertile polyps, number of testes and their state of maturation, oocyte number and size). However, in the third site the reproductive effort of bleached colonies was found to be significantly reduced compared with the non-bleached colonies. We suggest that in colonies experiencing BE for the first time reproductive effort may be reduced, while colonies undergoing chronic BEs may acclimatize over time to the loss of their symbiotic algae and support the development of gonads during bleaching. This study provides the first evidence for normal gametogenesis in bleached colonies and may indicate that acclimatization processes might enable more coral species to overcome expected chronic BEs. 25.1147 Conservation, Mass Mortality And Population Dynamics Of Long-Lived Octocorals Roberta CUPIDO* 1 , Silvia COCITO 1 , Mimmo IANNELLI 2 , Lorenzo BRAMANTI 3 , Ilaria VIELMINI 3 , Giovanni SANTANGELO 3 1 Enea - Marine Environmental Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy, 2 Mathematics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy, 3 Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Conservation of long-lived, slow growing, low turnover species is one of the most difficult task for ecologists. Gorgonians are among the most long-lived marine animals. Provided of complex morphologies, they played a paramount role in shaping rocky shore benthic communities and in ecosystem functioning. The conservation of the highly diverse Mediterranean ”coralligenous community” is linked to their survival. Some gorgonians, namely Paramuricea clavata and Corallium rubrum (the precious, overexploited Mediterranean red coral), suffered in 1999 and 2003 anomalous mortality events in the North-Western Mediterranean, which were associated with a sharp temperature increase linked to GCC. As a consequence of these mortality events the P. clavata population living in the Gulf of La Spezia (Ligurian Sea, Italy), reduced by 74% and the dominant size class in the population shifted towards smaller-yonger colonies. Some shallow red coral population in Italy and France, suffered, at the same time, a mortality ranging between 8.5 and 15 %. In order to simulate the effects of such mortalities on the structure and dynamics of gorgonian populations we developed demographic models, based on life-history tables (in which population structure, survival and reproductive coefficients are reported), and Leslie-Lewis transition matrixes, that allowed us to project the population trends overtime. Such demographic approach can supply useful tools to predict population dynamics in response to mass mortality events and harvesting, to assess population performance, and to forecast population availability overtime. The results we obtained suggest that, also if both gorgonian populations show a good resilience due to the reproductive output of the younger-smaller colonies more resistent to mortalities and to the high growth rate of the survived colonies, an increased frequency of such morality events could lead local populations to extinction. 25.1148 Assessment Of Potential Threat On Coastal Ecosystem By Future Sediment Load Trends in The Southeast Asian And West Pacific (Sea-Wp) Regions Varigini BADIRA* 1 , Kazuo NADAOKA 1 , Seita EMORI 2 1 Mechanical and Environmental Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, 2 Center for Global Environmental Reseach, Japan National Institute of Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan Monitoring and prediction of global and regional sediment discharge are extensive undertaking due to the countless number of rivers worldwide. Presently, only less than 10% of the global rivers are monitored for sediment discharge. This is a major concern as abnormal sediment discharge patterns due to anthropogenic influences may go unnoticed, and hence uncontrolled, into coastal environments certainly posing a threat to the marine ecosystem. Of the total global sediment budget flowing into the world’s oceans and seas, an estimated 70% of the sediment load into the coastal zone is accounted for within the SEA-WP region. Coincidently, the SEA- WP region is an eco-system hotspot in biodiversity and encompasses a region known as the Pacific coral triangle. This paper presents our recent findings on the future sediment load trends in the SEA-WP region using a new Regional Sediment Discharge predictor. The predictor was developed by incorporating influence of vegetation shifts, rainfall and soil moisture content together with the conventional parameters of basin area and elevation. The model is coupled with GCM predicted rainfall data, for IPCC global warming scenarios of A1B and B1, and predicted vegetation shift to calculate and forecast future sediment load trends within the SEA- WP region. The model prediction results strongly suggest that the SEA-WP region will become highly threatened due to increased mean sediment loads for the periods from 2010 to 2100 and also predicts high sediment load variability for uncontrolled future carbon dioxide emission. 550
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
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9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecologica
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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Page 539 and 540: 23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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