11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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23.913 Evaluation Of Factors That Can Promote Resistance And/or Resilience To Climate Change Induced Coral Bleaching Steve COLES* 1,2 , J. Burke BURNETT 1 , Stephen LEISZ 1 , Rod SALM 3 1 Natural Science, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, 2 Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, 3 Asia Coastal Marine Program, The Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, HI Although there was no coral bleaching reported for Melanesia during the worldwide 1998 event, substantial bleaching occurred in eastern Papua New Guinea (PNG) waters in 1982-83, 1996 and 1999-2000, with coral mortalities up to 54%. However, no evidence of recent coral bleaching or related mortality was observed during 2001-2002 surveys in Indonesia’s Raja Ampat (Four Kings) Islands off Papua province (western New Guinea). Reefs were evaluated to be in very good health and to have high resilience to bleaching related stress. Reefs in the area have the highest species diversity of any similar sized area in the world, with at least 537 species reported and over 75% of the world’s scleractinians. Reef fish diversity was equally high, with at least 1074 species and more than 200 species at >50% of the sites surveyed in 2002. However, there was evidence of coral damage from blast fishing and other non-sustainable fishing practices, resulting in relatively low numbers of groupers, sharks, and Napoleon Wrasses that are targeted by cyanide fishing. The potential importance of this 4000 hectare region of high diversity as a source of recruits for other Indo-West Pacific areas more subject to coral bleaching and acidification impacts cannot be over-emphasized. Conservation initiatives to establish and maintain effective marine protected areas in this region should be developed within the context of existing community and societal structures directed toward non-extractive utilization of reef resources. 23.914 Measuring Success in Coral Reef Management For The South Florida And Caribbean National Park Service Units – One Size Doesn’t Always Fit All. Matt PATTERSON* 1 , Andrea ATKINSON 1 , Jeff MILLER 2 , Andy DAVIS 2 , Rob WAARA 1 , Brian WITCHER 1 1 South Florida/Caribbean I&M Network, National Park Service, Palmetto Bay, FL, 2 South Florida/Caribbean I&M Network, National Park Service, St. John The South Florida/Caribbean Inventory and Monitoring network (SFCN) of the National Park Service is responsible for implementation of an ecosystem monitoring program to help park managers and scientists understand changes in key Vital Signs indicators. The SFCN is responsible for coral reef monitoring at five national parks ranging from 400 acres to 200 miles 2 , and a consistent sampling design for all will help with park to park comparisons over time. The Marine Benthic Community vital sign indicator monitors changes in both shallow and deep coral reef ecosystems, seagrass, and water temperature. Coral reef ecosystem monitoring has been conducted at long term sites through this program since 1997, with several sites that have been the focus of decades of research and monitoring. Dry Tortugas National Park is approximately 70 miles west of Key West, Florida, USA and protects 100 miles 2 of coral reef, seagrass beds, and sand substrates. In 2007, the SFCN used a Generalized Random Tessellation Stratified (GRTS) Sampling Design to provide a spatially balanced survey to characterize multiple sites for inclusion in a long term monitoring program for coral reef resources less than 19m deep. Rapid habitat characterization at 157 cells (40m 2 ) was conducted, collecting information regarding habitat type, depth, rugosity, presence/absence of key invertebrates, and estimation of fish densities at multiple trophic scales. Point intercepts were run at 0.5m intervals from a center point in cardinal directions to determine relative percent cover values for stony corals, when present. This information will be used to identify sites with high stony coral cover for long term monitoring site inclusion. 27 sites surveyed had over 6% of live stony coral cover. Sampling site installation will occur in 2008, in parallel with existing historic site monitoring to evaluate if parkwide trends correlate to historic site localized changes in cover values. Poster Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management 23.915 The Challenge Of Managing Off-Shore Reclamation To Ensure Sustainable Coastal Ecosystems: Focus On Dubai Hanneke VAN LAVIEREN* 1 , Peter SALE 1,2 , Paolo USSEGLIO 1 1 International Network on Water, Environment and Health, United Nations University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, 2 Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada Significant and rapidly-expanding infrastructure development and land reclamation in coastal areas can create challenges for ecosystem management. Major transformation of Dubai’s shoreline, through three manmade islands in the shape of palm trees is such an example. When completed, all planned marine projects will expand the Dubai coastline by 1500 km, leading to creation of novel systems and new hydrodynamics. Understandably, it is presumed that these development activities have already had impacts on near-shore ecosystems, particularly the existing coral reefs and sea grass habitats. Early studies by the UNU-INWEH team point to the extreme natural variations in salinity and temperatures of the Arabian Gulf waters, which together with the affects of global warming cause additional stress. With scarce pre-construction environmental baseline information available, ongoing transformations, and lack of strategic planning, the challenge is to manage these activities in a way to minimize coastal ecosystem impacts. To deal with this challenge, we are evaluating the current status of coastal ecosystems and improving our understanding of impacts of these developments and novel ecosystems created, with an aim to guide management practices for integrated coastal management. The work is based on collaborative partnerships throughout the region and reliance on existing knowledge base. In particular, research studies provide information regarding the ecology of the open rocky crescents and associated artificial reefs, midwater of the enclosed lagoons, and benthic systems on and in lagoonal floors. An environmental monitoring programme provides crucial management data. Transfer of knowledge gained from this project to relevant management authorities as well as to the scientific community in the region is important; the study team is actively engaged in regional training workshops designed for this purpose. 23.916 Changes in The Coral Reef Populations Within A Community Managed Marine Protected Area in The Fiji Islands Helen SYKES 1 , Kenneth MACKAY* 2 1 Marine Ecology Consulting Fiji Ltd, Suva, Fiji, 2 Institute of Marine Resources, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Annual biological monitoring was used to assess the effects of ten years of communitymanaged conservation in a village–based “no-take” Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the Fiji Islands. Surveys were carried out by a mixed team of marine scientists and community members, and compared with neighbouring reefs used for subsistence fishing. A variety of in-water survey methods were used, including community-based Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) for key invertebrate species, Manta Tows for broad-scale habitat and invertebrate animal assessment, Point Intercept Transects for coral cover, and Belt Transects for Fish Underwater Visual Census (UVC). Within 3 years, fish populations had noticeably increased within the MPA, after 5 years many invertebrate populations had been restored. Poaching of finfish and shellfish occurred once stock rose, and is one of the major challenges now facing the project. So far this has not significantly impacted overall populations, suggesting the ecosystem is now adequately robust to withstand some harvesting. Coral health improved in the MPA over the fishing grounds, but was retarded by a mass bleaching event in the second year of protection. However, increased numbers of herbivorous fishes reduced macroalgae cover within the MPA, creating better coral-growth substrate, in turn accelerating coral settlement and recovery in comparison with the heavily fished area where macroalgae continued to cover most available substrate, preventing new coral settlement. Villagers report that they now harvest larger fish and more commercially important invertebrates in their fishing grounds bordering the MPA. In addition, their caretaker role for this MPA has generated an awareness of the need to conservatively manage marine resources for the future. 503
23.917 Culture And Updated Traditional Management Tools For Serving Ownership in Locally Managed Marine Areas Eric CLUA* 1 , Bernard SALVAT 2 1 CRISP programme, SPC, Noumea, New Caledonia, 2 EPHE, Perpignan, France A major proportion of coral reefs around the world occur in small island developing countries (SIDS). The status of these resources is declining, while these countries simultaneously face major challenges in sustainable development for their people. Reef conservation in SIDS cannot be approached in the same way as conservation in more developed countries, even though the tools such as Marine Protected Areas may be effective for both situations. One of the main differences relies on the widespread inability of government services within SIDS to ensure adherence to legal frameworks aimed at protecting the reef resources from irreversible depletion. This gap can be compensated with a strong ownership by local communities through locally managed marine areas. The emergence of a real ownership strongly depends on the ability of developing actors in promoting the cultural dimension as a root of the process of locally based management which should include traditional tools, even if they need, most of the time, to be updated regarding ecological constraints for a sustainable development of reef resources. Therefore, a particular focus should be put by developing agencies on the integration of human factors (anthropology, socio-economics) for insuring the success of the ground actions, with innovative tools such as human factor based Geographic Information Systems. Local ownership can also be boosted by real examples of grounds successes to be shown to candidate communities and another issue relies on the setting up of functional networks at a regional level. The Coral Reef Initiative for the Pacific (CRISP) is a US$ 10 million programme over 3 years which implements this specific approach. The concepts behind CRISP draw on the recommendations of the International Coral Reef Initiative, and specifically seek to find Pacific solutions to regional problems. 23.918 Documenting Traditional Knowledge Of Marine Use And Resource Management in American Samoa Arielle LEVINE* 1 , Bert FUIAVA* 2 , Fiailoa MAIAVA* 2 , Risa ORAM 2 , Fale TUILAGI 3 , Fatima SAUAFEA-LEAU 4 1 Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI, 2 Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States Minor Outlying Islands, 3 National Park Service, Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States Minor Outlying Islands, 4 NOAA - Pacific Islands Regional Office, Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States Minor Outlying Islands This poster describes a collaborative project to document traditional knowledge of marine use and resource management in American Samoa, undertaken by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and multiple partner agencies in American Samoa. The three primary components of this research project are detailed, along with lessons learned and their application to coral reef fisheries management. The first element involved conducting elder interviews to document local knowledge regarding traditional marine use and management, as well as changes over time in resource use and conditions. Topics of interest included changes in fishing methods and frequency over time, changes in species catch and abundance, and traditional methods of marine management. The second element involved in-depth archival research of early explorer accounts of fishing and marine management in American Samoa. Records from the American Samoa Historic Preservation Office, University of Hawaii library, and the Bishop Museum archives were studied to gain a greater understanding of historic practices and their application to modern coral reef fisheries management. The third element of this project includes video documentation of traditional fishing practices that are unique to the Samoa region and still take place in American Samoa today. These practices include the palolo harvest (a coral-dwelling polychaete worm that spawns once a year and is considered a traditional Samoan delicacy); atule (bigeye scad) fishing (a mass spawning event that takes place in several Samoan bays); and i'asina (juvenile goatfish) fishing using traditional basket weirs on the Manu’a islands. The final documentary will be made available for education and outreach purposes to illustrate American Samoa’s strong marine heritage and traditional reliance on marine resources. The results of this research project are expected to strengthen management practices by incorporating traditional Samoan values and knowledge into the Territory’s new marine protected area programs and other coral reef fisheries management activities. Poster Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management 23.919 Factors Influencing Success Of A Marine Protected Area Network in Hawaii Jim BEETS* 1 , Brian TISSOT 2 , Mark HIXON 3 , Stephen THOMPSON 4 , Mark MANUEL 5 1 Marine Science, University of Hawaii-Hilo, Hilo, HI, 2 Environmental Science, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, 3 Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 4 Cascadia Conservation Trust, Sisters, OR, 5 Tropical Conservation Biology & Env. Sci., University of Hawaii-Hilo, Hilo, HI As Marine Protected Area (MPA) Networks gain management support, the importance of documenting factors that affect their effectiveness increases. Previous work showed greater abundance of juvenile and adult fishes harvested for the aquarium trade in individual MPAs compared to adjacent control sites within the MPA Network on the western coast of the island of Hawai’i (Tissot et al. 2004). The present study evaluated the relative contribution of habitat characteristics, adult abundance, and current exposure to the greater juvenile abundances observed within MPAs. Oceanographic, substrate and habitat characteristics were sampled with juvenile and adult fish abundances at three paired sites (MPA vs. control) along the western coast of the island of Hawaii. All three factors contributed to greater juvenile abundance of the study species, but differed in relative contribution among sites. We demonstrated the importance of selected factors to the effectiveness of a MPA network. Based on our results, we emphasize the value of consideration of several factors that potentially influence success of the defined goals for specific MPAs or networks. 23.920 Atlanta’s Willingness-To-Pay For Fijian Coral Reef Conservation: How Do Individuals Value Reefs Even When Distant And Can This Inform Market-Based Management Strategies? Carolyn FONSECA* 1 , Doug NOONAN 1 1 School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA Environmental policies often blend biological and social components. However, this area-of how knowledge experience and behavior affect perceptions of coral reef value-is still young. To date, few studies if any have sampled populations distant from reefs. Research has focused primarily in local coral reef valuation. The valuation literature for reefs is incomplete, missing information about how individuals (who do not live near reefs) value this ecosystem. The primary objective of this paper is to learn the value of Fijian coral reef conservation by non- Fijians. Fiji is about to begin a new program called “Adopt-a-Coral-Reef” whereby individuals can go online and purchase a coral or part of the reef. This study has the potential to inform coral sale price. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) has primarily been used to determine damages or to measure Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) for a particular service. Limited knowledge exists on how CVM might inform market-based management tools such as the Fijian program. Empirical research is needed to understand the effectiveness and generalizability of CVM. The model of this study investigated the influence of environmental behavior, previous culture experience, problem definition, coral reef knowledge, and ocean activities on coral reef WTP. Surveys were mailed to 2000 Atlanta GA households from November 2007 to January 2008. Preliminary results suggested a $12.6 average WTP by Atlanta for the Fijian reef program. Knowledge and previous experience were not significantly related to WTP. The findings imply that Atlanta households have the potential to contribute to the Fijian coral reef program. This study and similar research could provide stakeholders information on the most effective use and sources of funding. In conclusion, there is a need to learn more about how scale affects valuation. If the goal is to influence WTP, then knowing which factors are significant is an important step. . 504
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
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9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecologica
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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Page 483 and 484: 21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
Page 485 and 486: 21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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Page 489 and 490: 22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
Page 491 and 492: 22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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Page 501 and 502: 22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
Page 503 and 504: 22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
Page 505 and 506: 23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
Page 507 and 508: 23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
Page 509 and 510: 23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
Page 511 and 512: 23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
Page 513 and 514: 23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
Page 515 and 516: 23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
Page 517 and 518: 23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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Page 525 and 526: 23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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Page 535 and 536: 23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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Page 539 and 540: 23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
Page 541 and 542: 24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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Page 561 and 562: 24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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