11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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23.1035 Post-Hugo Recovery Of A Protected And Unprotected Reef: St. Croix, Us Virgin Islands Dana FISCO* 1 , Monica ARIENZO 2 , Connie SOJA 3 , Dennis HUBBARD 4 1 Marine and Freshwater Sciences, Colgate University-KECK Consortium, Hamilton, NY, 2 Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, 3 Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, 4 Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH Over the past three decades Caribbean reefs have experienced a shift from coral to algal dominance. Reefs on St. Croix, US Virgin Islands, have experienced the full range of stresses credited with decline. In 1989, Hurricane Hugo caused extensive damage to reefs already impacted by White Band Disease. The proximity of reefs within Buck Island National Monument and unmanaged areas only 5 km away on St. Croix (Tague Reef) provides a unique opportunity to examine reef recovery under similar oceanographic conditions but different degrees of protection. Twenty-meter chain transects were surveyed at 3, 6 and 9 m depths at three sites on the two reefs. Equal areas were surveyed on each reef, spread over distances of 1-2 km. Data were compared to post-Hugo surveys at the three Tague Reef sites and the center site on Buck Island. Present-day coral cover was identical on the two reefs when averaged for all sites and all depths (12%). On Tague Reef, coral diversity increased drastically at the 6 and 9 m depths in all locations but only slightly at the 3 m depth locations—solar panel 3 m transect showed a loss in diversity. Porites asteroides, increased in shallow water. Coral cover at the southern Buck Island monitoring site remained constant (12%) 18 years after Hurricane Hugo. A companion study revealed significant differences in the grazer populations at the two sites (parrotfish at Buck Island; Diadema on Tague Reef), but the general condition of the benthos appears to be similar. These data appear to indicate that either the higher abundance of grazing scarids at Buck Island is not sufficient to reverse effects of local nutrient increases and fishing outside the park, or that larger factors (e.g., bleaching and disease) are exerting the dominant control on reef decline and recovery. 23.1036 Biodiversity Of Coral Reef in Sumbawa Sea, Indonesia:comparison Between Underwater Observation And Satellite Imagery Susumu KANNO* 1 , Masahiko YANAGAWA 1 , Akihiko OHGANE 2 , Kimiya HOMMA 1 1 Ocean Industry, Kyowa Concrete Industry Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan, 2 Zeal Oceanic Office, Sapporo, Japan Biodiversity in coral reef is discussed with both in-situ observation using underwater trans-section method and satellite imagery in coastal area of Sumbawa Sea, Indonesia. Line trans-section was carried out over two thousands meter along the coast and the result showed that there is a lot of species of reef coral and their biodiversity is higher than another habitat area in Indonesia. Principal component analysis was carried out for coverage of each species, water quality, and topographic factors by using these results of identification about coral species. Coverage of Acropora, Porites, Favia species, and transparency at out side of reef have positive contribution. These items appeared in first component in the analysis too. On the other hand, chlorophyll, turbidity, and fetch have a negative contribution to the total environment in this coral reef. These mean that the environmental condition in this coral reef depends on purity and optical properties of ocean water. Usually hermatypic coral reef-building coral makes habitat in inside of clean and shallow coastal reef area. Then, the indicators of water quality appeared as high contribution as both positive and negative contribution; (1)coral species living in clear seawater, (2)quantity increasing with cleanliness of seawater as transparency, (3)one decreasing with the cleanliness as chlorophyll, turbidity, and fetch leading to spinning up of bottom quality. Finally, classification of bottom attribute and coral species has been made a trial by ALOS/AVNIR-2 satellite imagery with training data obtained by the underwater trans-section of bottom quality on the reef area. The bottom attribute in the reef was classified with coral coverage in the habitat, species of the coral, rock reef, dead coral, and coral sand relatively clearly. This method can be utilized for environmental management in coastal region based on not only qualitative analysis but also quantitative analysis. Poster Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management 23.1037 Effectiveness Of A Marine Protected Area On The East End Of St Croix, U.s. Virgin Islands Using The Queen Conch Strobus Gigas, As A Sentential Species Barbara KOJIS* 1 , Norman QUINN 2 1 Department of Science and Math, University of the Virgin Islands, St Thomas, Virgin Islands (U.S.), 2 Coastal Zone Management, St Croix East End Marine Park, St. Croix, Virgin Islands (U.S.) From October 1998 to September 2001, a previous study conducted surveys of the queen conch populations at six back reef embayments at the east end of St Croix. Population densities were higher in the northeast embayments (52.6 conch / ha) compared to the southeast embayments (33.6 conch / ha). About 87% of the conch measured were juveniles. Subsequent to that study, the 155 km2 territorial St Croix East End Marine Park was established in January 2003 and rules and regulations governing activities in the park were enacted in late 2007. Several back reef embayments were designated “No Take Areas” where the collection of all marine animals was prohibited. At around the same time, the seasonal closure for queen conch from July 1 – September 30 of each year was extended to December 31, 2007 by the Virgin Islands’ Department of Planning and Natural Resources because of the recent dramatic increase in the harvest of queen conch by commercial fishers on St. Croix and the determination that queen conch was being severely overfished on St. Croix. This study will: 1) compare the current population structure of queen conch in the back reef embayments with the previous study, 2) review compliance with the rules and regulations, and 3) discuss adaptive management strategies. 23.1038 Gaining Ground in Improving Marine Protected Areas (Mpas): The Philippine Experience Hazel ARCEO* 1 , Porfirio ALINO 2,3 , Vincent LUMBAB 1 , Cleto NANOLA 4,5 , Ma. Fe PORTIGO 6 1 DAI/USAID Philippine Environmental Governance 2 Project, Cebu City, Philippines, 2 DAI/USAID Philippine Environmental Governance 2 Project, Ortigas, Metro Manila, Philippines, 3 University of the Philippines - The Marine Science Institute, Quezon City, Philippines, 4 DAI/USAID Philippine Environmental Governance 2 Project, Davao City, Philippines, 5 University of the Philippines - Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines, 6 DAI/USAID Philippine Environmental Governance 2 Project, Pagadian City, Philippines Several reviews about the status of MPAs in the Philippines have been conducted (e.g. Baling 1995, Haribon 1997, Alcala and colleagues) with insights on MPA sizes, management, gaps and challenges. This paper aims (1) to re-examine the evaluation by Aliño et al. (2001) and determine any improvements that may have resulted from the adoption of recommendations and good practices highlighted during this last review; and, (2) to evaluate the management effectiveness of at least ten MPAs by looking at ecological trends and the performance of the MPA managers. Biophysical information obtained using standard reef survey methods was used to determine ecological patterns while the MPA Rating System, developed by Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation (2005) and modified to include governance indicators, and community perception surveys were employed to assess performance. Results show an increase in the number of MPAs, now with over 1,100 existing MPAs, and an observed shift in the modal range of MPA sizes, with larger areas being placed under protection. Analysis from the sample MPAs shows that ecological trends are not always consistent with the performance evaluation results, and that biophysical and performance indicators can collectively present a more accurate description of the MPA management levels rather than each one alone. The rates of improvement among the MPAs also vary. Factors that may have influenced the differential rates include baseline ecological conditions, functionality of management groups including information, education and communication, compliance and enforcement strategies, implementation of other fisheries management interventions outside the no-take areas, and alliances with other managers. Insights from this study will be useful in setting the directions towards attaining more improved and well-managed MPAs. This requires the identification of priorities on how MPAs and MPA network interactions/synergies can be put in place. 495
23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mpa in Conserving Fish Resources Victor NESTOR* 1 , Charlene MERSAI 1 , Geory MEREB 1 , Yimnang GOLBUU 1 1 Research, Palau International Coral Reef Center, Koror, Palau While there has been a proliferation of MPA establishment in Palau, little effort has been directed at evaluation of these MPAs' management and impacts. We evaluated whether a small 1 km2 MPA can be effective in conserving fish resources. Underwater surveys were carried out to obtain fish abundance, hard coral cover and rugosity in Ngelukes Conservation Area and Uedangel, its control site. Fish abundance in Ngelukes CA increased from a 48.9 ± 7.8 (Mean ± SE) in 2005 to 69.7 ± 25.0 and decreased to 53 ± 14.1 in 2007. For the control site, Uedangel, there was a different pattern with a consistent decrease in fish abundance over the three-year period. Fish abundance was 35.3 ± 7.2 (Mean ± SE) in 2005 and decreased to 28.1 ± 7.3 in 2006 and by 2007 the fish abundance was 27.1 ± 7.9. This fluctuation in fish abundance inside Ngelukes CA and the decrease in Uedangel from 2005-2007 were not significant so data for the different years were pooled. Analysis of the pooled data showed that there was a significant difference in the number of fish inside Ngelukes CA compared to its control site with mean fish abundance in Ngelukes at 57.2 ± 10.5 (Mean ± SE) compared with the control site, which only had a mean fish abundance of 30.2 ± 4.3. There was no significant difference in coral cover and rugosity between Ngelukes CA and its control site. Since there was no difference between rugosity and coral cover between the MPA and its control site, the differences in fish abundance between the MPA and control is more likely due to protection, rather than the type of habitat it has. The results of this study showed that even small MPAs could still be effective in conserving valuable resources. 23.1040 Species Composition And Abundance At Two Protected Spawning Aggregation Sites In Palau With Different Length Of Closure Geory MEREB* 1 , Arius MEREP 1 , Alan FRIEDLANDER 2 , Yimnang GOLBUU 1 1 2 Palau International Coral Reef Center, Koror, Palau, NOAA/NOS/CCMA- Biogeography Team, Waimanalo, HI Grouper spawning aggregations are heavily targeted around the world. In Palau, Ngerumekaol and Ebiil Channels are both spawning aggregation sites that have been protected from fishing since 1976 and 2000, respectively. Groupers and other resource species were monitored monthly over a 1.5-year period at these two protected spawning aggregations and two nearby control areas. Surveys were conducted 2-6 days before the new moon of each month, which coincides with the peak aggregation period in Palau. At the aggregation sites, three grouper species (Plectropomus areolatus, Epinephelus polyphekadion, and E. fuscoguttatus) accounted for 78% of the number and 85% of the biomass of all resource species surveyed but comprised < 1% of the total number and biomass at control sites. Number and biomass of the three major grouper species pooled was significantly higher at Ngerumekaol compared to Ebiil. Plectropomus areolatus was the dominant grouper at both spawning sites and numbers, biomass, and size were all higher at Ngerumekaol compared to Ebiil. The larger Epinephelus fuscoguttatus , showed even more pronounced differences between the two sites with higher values also at Ngerumekaol. Epinephelus polyphekadion was the third most important species at Ngerumekaol but only one individual was encountered at Ebiil. Differences in densities and composition of grouper species at these two aggregations may be attributed to the differences in time since closure (Ngerumekaol = 31 years, Ebiil = 7 years). In addition, Ebiil is further from the capitol, Koror, and experiences problems with poaching. The peak spawning period at Ebiil occurs during the national open season for groupers and is therefore easier for poached fish to be sold. The lower numbers of E.fuscoguttatus and the near absence of E. polyphekadion at Ebiil may reflect the effects of previous and current overexploitation. Poster Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management 23.1041 Learning From The Development Of Marine Protected Area Networks: Is Science Or Practical Realities The Guiding Force? Stuart GREEN* 1 , Alan WHITE 2 , Stacey KILARSKI 2 , Patrick CHRISTIE 3 , Anna MENESES 4 , Leah BUNCE 5 , Giselle SAMONTE-TAN 5 , Kate NEWMAN 6 , Stuart CAMPBELL 7 , Helen FOX 6 1 TNC, Tagbilaran City, Philippines, 2 TNC, Honolulu, HI, 3 University of Washington, Washington, WA, 4 TNC, Manila, Philippines, 5 CI, Washington, WA, 6 WWF, Washington, WA, 7 WCS, Bogor, Indonesia Marine protected areas (MPAs) and networks of MPAs are an accepted means of protecting coral reef and associated habitats and enhancing near-shore fisheries. A growing number of MPA networks are being formed to provide important spatial links needed to maintain ecosystem processes and connectivity, as well as improve resilience by spreading risk in the case of localized disasters, failures in management or other hazards, and thus help to ensure the long-term sustainability of populations This study is part of the “Marine Learning Partnership” among four global non-government organizations engaged in the development of MPA networks in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines. The primary objective of the study was to assess the status of the MPA networks in varying stages of planning and implementation, identify major gaps in information, science, knowledge, and enabling conditions, and to generate and disseminate increased knowledge of MPA networks through collaboration. Methodology of the study included: field observation at six sites, implementation of a structured interview protocol that engaged the MPA managers and primary stakeholders at the field sites and in national offices, and a stakeholder learning workshop. Findings show that the six MPA networks are progressing towards their biodiversity conservation and fisheries management goals. To achieve measureable objectives of effective habitat protection and connectivity among the individual MPAs, MPA managers and stakeholders at the sites are discovering that there are many social and governance factors that must be addressed. The planning for each network is benefitting from improved science and practical guidance on how to build representative and resilient networks that will minimize loss from multiple local and global forces over time. Nevertheless, effective management of individual MPAs and networks is only beginning. 23.1042 Effective Socio-Political Strategies That Help Support Ecological Resilience Of Marine Protected Area Networks Within The Coral Triangle Anna MENESES* 1 , Alan WHITE 2 , Stuart GREEN 3 , Stacey KILARSKI 4 , Patrick CHRISTIE 5 1 Global Marine Initiative, The Nature Conservancy, Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines, 2 Global Marine Initiative, The Nature Conservancy, Kailua, HI, 3 Global Marine Initiative, The Nature Conservancy, Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines, 4 Global Marine Initiative, The Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, HI, 5 School of Marine Affairs and Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA The Coral Triangle is the global center of marine biodiversity and one of the world’s top priorities for conservation. Various organizations and partner groups are working to establish networks of Marine Protected Area (MPAs) within the Coral Triangle. Network designs are generally based on scientific principles of resilience, whereby focus is based on reefs that are most likely to survive threats. Criteria to form networks include among others: (1) protecting a representative range of habitat types and replicating these at multiple locations to spread the risk of habitat loss; (2) protecting coral communities that are resistant to bleaching; (3) understanding coral reef connectivity to other ecosystems and processes, and; (4) increasing management effectiveness of controllable/human factors. In this light, the “Marine Learning Partnership” Project (LMPP), involving four global NGOs, is working towards a framework for tropical marine conservation that emphasizes resilient and representative MPA networks. The objective of LMPP is to improve conservation field practice in scaling up from MPA sites to ecological networks, by generating and disseminating knowledge through inter-organizational collaboration. This required capturing and analyzing experiences gained among institutions working in six sites across countries through: (1) a survey using standard forms targeting MPA managers and primary stakeholders, and; (2) a stakeholder learning workshop involving representatives from participating countries. Since, ecological networking is relatively new, LMPP sites serve as “reality laboratories”. We are realizing that certain initial socio-political arrangements are needed to support and sustain MPA network initiatives to achieve ecological resilience and economic benefits. The most effective socio-political approach taken by each of the six study sites will be presented to serve as models for others to learn from, considering various political set-ups and cultures across countries. 496
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
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9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecologica
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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Page 483 and 484: 21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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Page 489 and 490: 22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
Page 491 and 492: 22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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Page 495 and 496: 22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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Page 501 and 502: 22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
Page 503 and 504: 22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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Page 507 and 508: 23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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Page 535 and 536: 23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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Page 539 and 540: 23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
Page 541 and 542: 24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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Page 545 and 546: 24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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Poster Mini-Symposium 26: Biodivers
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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