11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University
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11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University 11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Concepts and Processes On Coral Reefs 20.806 An Integrative Interdisciplinary Research Program On Environmental Change At Midway Atoll (Nw Hawaiian Islands) Donald POTTS* 1 , Wendy COVER 2 , Kristin MCCULLY 2 , Jennifer O'LEARY 2 , Adina PAYTAN 1 1 Institute of Marine Sciences, University California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 2 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA A five year research project was initiated in 2006 to explore responses to environmental change in marine habitats of the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (MANWR); to identify continuing consequences of 60 years as a major naval base; and to provide data and advice relevant to management of the MANWR. The project is a collaboration between USFWS and UCSC scientists and is supported by the Mitsubishi Corporation as part of its Global Coral Reef Conservation Project. Midway Atoll is latitudinally (29°N) and ecologically marginal. It lies in the transition zone between the North Equatorial and the North Pacific gyral systems, where local atmospheric and oceanographic responses to climate change are largely unpredicted, but are likely to be marked. Immediate goals are: to quantify the major organisms and processes contributing to reef growth, reef destruction, sedimentation and erosion, reef circulation and island hydrology. These data are being used to develop habitat-specific models that will be integrated into biogeophysical models of the whole atoll for exploring responses to IPCC and other projections. Current projects concentrate on interactions of scleractinian corals, coralline algae, fleshy algae, cyanobacteria, sea urchins, fishes, sediment production and transport, and framework accretion and erosion, and nutrients and contaminants in island groundwater and reef flats. 465

21.807 The Recreational Value Of Coral Reef in The Wider Caribbean: A Classical And Bayesian Approach To Meta-Analysis And Benefit Transfer Luz LONDONO_DIAZ* 1 1 Agricultural and Natural Resources Economics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Meta-analysis and benefit transfer are increasingly being used by researchers and policy makers in seeking the estimation of environmental values, as well as the adjustment of welfare measures for transferring to different policy contexts. The need for transfer values is justified by the absence of valuation studies in specific policy sites, perhaps due to budgetary constrains. The Caribbean features both: the existence of a number of coral reefs valuation studies, and the urgent need for mechanisms to curb the degradation of these ecosystems. Thus, it constitutes a call for a critical statistical synthesis of existing value estimates as well as for testing the validity of value transfer across policy sites. This paper investigates the validity and robustness of value transfer based two methodological approaches: the classical meta-regression analysis and a Bayesian model, applied on the recreational value of coral reef in the wider Caribbean. The results show that transfer techniques are enhanced under the Bayesian approach, offering higher accuracy in the transfer of recreational benefits, even in the presence of a small meta-sample. 21.808 Food Habit in The Coastal Zones Of The Arid Tropics Hiroshi NAWATA* 1 1 Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan I analyzed resource patch accessibility and availability in the coastal zones of the arid tropics, focusing on human-camel relationships in coral reef and mangrove ecosystems (Nawata, 2006). In this paper, I reveal a general framework of human food habit in the coastal zones of the arid tropics, based on the case study of the Beja on the Sudanese Red Sea coast. Economic production of the Beja depends mainly on their herds of camels, cattle, sheep, and goats. Although many people practice some cultivation of sorghum and pearl millet, some also engage in fishing on the seashore. Their food habit consist of; i) drink, sesoning and spice; ii) pastoral products such as milk, milk products, meats and eggs; iii) agricultural products such as cereals, beans, vegetables and fruits; iv) hunting, gathering and fishing products such as insects, land reptiles, birds, land mammals, sea reptiles, sea mammals, sea fishes and sea shells; v) human flesh referred in oral history. The most interesting aspects of food habit in the coastal zone of the arid tropics are human dependence on sea products of hunting, gathering and fishing. Therefore, in terms of arid land food production, we should reconsider much possibilities of development in sea products as principal element of the diet for the future. Poster Mini-Symposium 21: Social-Ecological Systems 21.809 Marine Resource Dependence, Resource Use Patterns And Identification Of Economic Performance Criteria Within A Small Island Community: Kaledupa, Indonesia Leanne CULLEN* 1,2 , David SMITH 2 , Jules PRETTY 3 1 Sustainable Ecosystems, CSIRO, Cairns, Australia, 2 Coral Reef Research Unit, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom, 3 Centre for Environment and Society, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom Marine resources in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia, are heavily relied upon for food, raw materials and income. Most marine ecosystems in the region are regarded healthy, but there is concern over the rapid deterioration of some of the more accessible areas of reef, mangrove and seagrass. Several management initiatives have been attempted, with little success. A major reason why past conservation management initiatives have failed to reach their goals is lack of compliance of local communities to management rules and regulations. This is due largely to actual, perceived, or expected, economic losses to communities utilising natural resources for their own sustainability. Hence a key role of management should be to maintain or improve the economic status of local people. The development of a simple series of economic performance criteria, i.e. testable parameters through which changes could be identified would allow economic status to be assessed. If appropriate methods can be developed, values generated could be used to implement economically and ecologically sound management practices with stakeholder support. To work towards this aim we need to understand local resource use patterns and economic importance, quantify local dependence, and describe existing livelihood strategies. This study used the example of the Kaledupa sub-district, Indonesia, to provide a detailed case study of a small island community with high natural resource dependence. The study details natural resource use patterns and the extensive local complexities that must be understood for any chance of management success, it also highlights the importance of marine resources to the local economy. A series of economic performance criteria were identified which could be used in the development of appropriate management plans that aim to maintain ecological wealth and develop sustainable utilisation, whilst maintaining or improving the economic status of local user groups and maintaining local participation and support. 21.810 An Interdisciplinary Approach To Reef Conservation Philipp TAVAKOLI* 1 1 Interdisciplinary Studies, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC The objective of this paper is to illustrate the importance of extending reef conservation efforts to the adjacent coastal communities, and in particular of including socio-economic factors. This paper presents the case study of Koh Tao, Thailand. The method is interdisciplinary: reef surveys, using the REEF CHECK method, are linked to environmental issues and socioeconomic factors on the island. The study examines the mutual cause-effect relationships among these issues on a local level and ignores global factors, such as climate change. The island of Koh Tao is a global center of scuba diving; it probably receives more divers annually than any other destination. The island has not yet followed the trend of massive development of other major tourist destinations, and most reefs are still in good condition. However, development has been growing rapidly over the past few years. The sheer amount of divers, the diesel from the dive boats, and the increasing run-off are taking their toll on the reefs. In brief, this study shows how the locals’ lack of education and of appreciation for the reef itself, social community issues, and the very limited scope of economic opportunities, prevent sustainable development and result in reef deterioration. These factors are further reinforced by the transient nature of the dive industry. In return, the deterioration of the reefs results in increasing economic hardship, social tensions in the community, and even fewer opportunities for advancement, such as education, for the local people. Reefs as well as people are caught in this downward spiral. Reef ecosystems and human communities are closely intertwined and the well being of one depends on the well being of the other. The analysis of cause-effect relationships then provides valuable guidance for sustainable development and ecotourism which ultimately foster reef conservation. 466

Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Concepts and Processes On Coral Reefs<br />

20.806<br />

An Integrative Interdisciplinary Research Program On Environmental Change At<br />

Midway Atoll (Nw Hawaiian Islands)<br />

Donald POTTS* 1 , Wendy COVER 2 , Kristin MCCULLY 2 , Jennifer O'LEARY 2 , Adina<br />

PAYTAN 1<br />

1 Institute of Marine Sciences, <strong>University</strong> California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA,<br />

2 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, <strong>University</strong> California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA<br />

A five year research project was initiated in 2006 to explore responses to environmental<br />

change in marine habitats of the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (MANWR); to<br />

identify continuing consequences of 60 years as a major naval base; and to provide data<br />

and advice relevant to management of the MANWR. The project is a collaboration<br />

between USFWS and UCSC scientists and is supported by the Mitsubishi Corporation as<br />

part of its Global Coral Reef Conservation Project. Midway Atoll is latitudinally (29°N)<br />

and ecologically marginal. It lies in the transition zone between the North Equatorial and<br />

the North Pacific gyral systems, where local atmospheric and oceanographic responses to<br />

climate change are largely unpredicted, but are likely to be marked. Immediate goals are:<br />

to quantify the major organisms and processes contributing to reef growth, reef<br />

destruction, sedimentation and erosion, reef circulation and island hydrology. These data<br />

are being used to develop habitat-specific models that will be integrated into<br />

biogeophysical models of the whole atoll for exploring responses to IPCC and other<br />

projections. Current projects concentrate on interactions of scleractinian corals, coralline<br />

algae, fleshy algae, cyanobacteria, sea urchins, fishes, sediment production and transport,<br />

and framework accretion and erosion, and nutrients and contaminants in island<br />

groundwater and reef flats.<br />

465

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