11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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18.759 The Status Of The Reefs Of Sudan in 2007 Rebecca KLAUS* 1 , Jeremy KEMP 1 , Melita SAMOILYS 1,2 , Holger ANLAUF 1 1 Equipe Cousteau, Paris, France, 2 Cordio, Mombassa, Kenya The coast of Sudan borders the western shore of the Red Sea which is recognised as an area of global importance for marine biodiversity. The mainland is edged by a nearcontinuous often steep fringing reef. Offshore is a complex barrier reef system, composed of a diverse range of fully or partially submerged reef formations, and numerous uninhabited islands. While some of the more accessible offshore reefs (e.g. Sanganeb Atoll) have previously been the subject of research, and others are renowned tourism dive sites (e.g. Sha’ab Rumi), much of the coast and more remote reef complexes have never been surveyed. Several recent initiatives, associated with the establishment of two marine protected areas and planning for integrated coastal zone management, through partnerships between various non-governmental organisations and local Government, have provided the opportunity to assess the status of the Sudanese reefs (2002, 2006 and 2007). The diversity of flora and fauna associated with the reefs within Sudanese waters transition from communities that are characteristic of the northern Red Sea to those more representative of the southern Red Sea. Recreational and extractive use of the resources is still moderately low however, the condition of the reefs and the abundance of resources is highly variable. There are low abundances of several key commercial fin fish (particularly groupers and larger snappers) and invertebrate groups (particularly sea cucumbers and larger gastropod molluscs), and an apparent absence of sea-urchins in some parts. The reefs were impacted by the 1998 coral bleaching event, and the extent of mortality and recovery reflected localized differences in community composition and environmental conditions. The bio-geographical trends in diversity within Sudanese waters, the variability in resource abundance and present condition of the reefs all have important implications for the resilience of the system that need to be accounted for in planning for management. 18.760 Status Of Coral Reefs in Iranian Waters Of The Persian Gulf OMID SEDIGHISAVADKOUHI* 1 , HAMZEH VALAVI 2 1 marine Environment Deputy, Echobiology Bureau, Department Of The Environment, Tehran, Iran, 2 marine Environment Deputy, Echobiology Bureau, Department Of The Environment, Shiraz, Ireland Status of coral reefs of six Islands (Farur, Banifarur, Kish, Hendurabi, Khark and Kharkoo) and Nayban Bay were studied from February to September 2007. MantaTow technique, Line Point Transect (Substrate Line Transect), Fish and Invertebrate belt Transect methods were used for this survey. A total of 46 hard coral species (27 Genera/12 Families), the highest number of species recorded for Iranian waters, and 25 species of fish were identified. 21 species of reef building corals are reporting from Iranian waters for the first time. Kish (30 species) and Farur (29 species) were most diverse reef area. Farur and Khark-Kharkoo showing 68% and 64% live coral cover, respectively were found as the best developed and healthy reef areas. Favidae (17 species), Siderastreidae and Poritidae (each 5 species)were the most diverse coral families in the the region. Coral cover of studied areas is dominated by poritidae, Acroporidae and Favidae Families. Highest density of reef fishes such as Dark butterfly fish were recorded in Kharkoo (13/100sqm) and Farur (10.75 /100sqm) and highest density of Arabian butterfly fish were recorded in Kish (5.5/100sqm ) and Farur reefs ( 2.5/100sqm). In addition to anthropogenic factors, natural stressors particularly elevated sea water temperature has affected coral reefs of Iranian waters dramatically. In September 2007, a significant increase in water temperature as high as 35.5 ○ to 37 ○ C were recorded in the survey area. Acroporids corals in Kish Island have been 98% bleached. In Nayband bay, corals of Favids up to 60% and Porites up to 30% were bleached. Coral bleaching in Farur ranged from 25% in deeper waters to 60% in shallow waters. Poster Mini-Symposium 18: Reef Status and Trends 18.761 Fish Communities And Habitat Interactions At Two Reef Systems Of The Gulf Of Mexico. Gabriela NAVA MARTÍNEZ* 1 , Ernesto ARIAS 2 1 Oceanus, A.C., Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico, 2 CINVESTAV, Merida, Mexico Information of four reefs of the Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (SAV) and two reefs in the Bank of Campeche (SABC) was obtained to describe so much the attributes of the community of fish as well as of the benthic community of both reef systems. The results were analyzed to describe the interactions among the distribution and abundance of the species of fish in different environments in the reefs of the Gulf of Mexico. For the attribute of abundance significant differences were observed between systems, reefs and reef zones being in general the leeward zones significantly more abundant than those of windward, different to those typical distributions. For the trophic structure, the abundance of herbivores was significantly different form the carnivorous, which were distributed in environments of higher complexity. The sites could cluster in typical habitats regarding the benthic community. The results showed that the reefs of the Gulf of Mexico had an environment highly dominated by algae specially incrusting algae. The coverage of stony coral was higher in the SAV, whereas in the SABC octocorals predominated. The species of predominant fish in the SABC were herbivores belonging to the family Scaridae and Pomacentridae, whereas in an environment with major structural complexity and diversity of organisms as some sites of the SAV where octocorals and coverage of live coral are predominant the major fish species were mainly Chaetodontidae, Pomacanthidae, Acathuridae and Haemulidae. This distribution seems to have a trend depending of the environment but affected locally by wave exposure and effects of the local impacts as fishing pressure reflected in the abundances of fish and the reduction of herbivores or carnivorous and/or extractives activities that are reflected in the loss of coverage and structural complexity. 18.762 Marine Debris Density On Coral Reefs Around U.s.-Affiliated Pacific Islands Sarah MYHRE* 1,2 1 Joint Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research, Honolulu, HI, 2 Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu Observations by towed divers of marine debris were recorded in 2006 and 2007 in seven U.S.affiliated Pacific Island regions: the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (CNMI), American Samoa, the U.S. Lines Islands and the Phoenix Islands. The regional density of debris observations (ob/km²) was calculated from a Pacific-wide total of 431 surveys, covering an estimated 10,210 km². Debris density was described for four categories: nets/lines, munitions, shipwrecks, and other manmade objects. Observation density of nets/lines was highest in the MHI (0.034 ob/km²) and Wake Island (0.029 ob/km²), but was absent from American Samoa and the U.S. Line Islands. Observation density of munitions (i.e., unexploded ordinance) was highest again in the Main Hawaiian Islands (0.017 ob/km²) followed by CNMI (0.007 ob/km²) and Wake Island (0.005 net/line ob/km²), but was absent from all other regions. Observation density of shipwrecks around Wake Island (0.011 ob/km²) was tenfold greater than in the NWHI, MHI, CNMI and American Samoa. Observation density of other manmade objects was greatest around Wake Island (0.037 ob/km²) and the MHI (0.022 ob/km²), but was absent from the U.S. Line Islands. These trends indicate regional differences in the magnitude and type of human use and impacts to coral reef ecosystems. 453
18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosystem Structure Across Environmental And Human Impact Gradients Sheila WALSH* 1 , Elizabeth DINSDALE 2 , Mary DONOVAN 3 , Robert EDWARDS 4 , Tracey MCDOLE 2 1 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 2 San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 3 Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 4 Computer Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA The relative importance of environmental versus human causes for global change is strongly debated. Coral reef ecosystems have been shown to respond and adapt to environmental conditions over time and space. However, humans have been dramatically changing this adaptive landscape in recent history. We test the relative importance of and interactions between decreased sea surface temperature and enhanced productivity due to local upwelling and fishing pressure and human population density (a proxy for anthropogenic nutrients) on coral reef ecosystem structure. Dramatic decreases in coral cover concurrent with a decrease in biomass of the upper trophic levels of the fish community were found. Population density and fish catch were the best explanatory variables for this pattern in ecosystem structure. Sea surface temperature was not significant, but chlorophyll levels were marginally significant suggesting that increased productivity associated with human sewage rather than cold upwelling water is important in structuring the ecosystem. At areas of intermediate human disturbance, the fish community showed much greater changes than the benthic community, which may be due to the different time scales of response in the communities and the lack of significant change in abundance of herbivorous fish. This pattern in the herbivorous fish is not evidence for a trophic cascade as a result of the dramatic decline in predatory fish. Our results show strong effects on ecosystem structure due to moderate human impacts. Human induced changes in environmental conditions of similar magnitude to natural conditions elsewhere may have important impacts due to a lack of adaptation or synergistic effects with other human impacts, such as fishing. 18.764 A Coral Reef Monitoring Experience: Joining Community And Scientific Participation. Ana Lidia GASPAR* 1 , Beatrice FERREIRA 2 , Mauro MAIDA 2 , Caroline FEITOSA 2 , Sergio REZENDE 2 , Eduardo MACEDO 2 , Fabio NEGRAO 3 , Ana Paula PRATES 4 , Andreza PACHECO 2 , Iara SOMMER 5 , Liana MENDES 6 , Joao Marcello CAMARGO 1 , Bernadete BARBOSA 7 , Danilo MARX 8 1 Instituto Recifes Costeiros, Tamandare, Brazil, 2 Oceanography Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil, 3 Instituto Recifes Costeiros, Caravelas, Brazil, 4 NZCM, Ministry of Environment, Brazilia, Brazil, 5 APA Guadalupe, Tamandare, Brazil, 6 UFRN, Natal, Brazil, 7 Ibama, Tamandare, Brazil, 8 Pró-mar, Tamandare, Brazil The Brazilian National Coral Reef Monitoring Program is under way since 2002, funded by the Ministry of Environment, and has covered eight reef areas located in the five major reef regions from north to south: Maracajau in the Touros-Natal region; Tamandare and Maragogi in the Pirangi-Maceió region; Itaparica in the Bahia de Todos os Santos- Camamu region; Recife de Fora in the Porto Seguro-Cabrália region and Abrolhos reef in the Abrolhos Region, plus oceanic areas of Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas. As recommend by the GRCMN, long-term monitoring programs should include community monitoring as well as more detailed surveys. The Brazilian program is a low budget initiative and thus the global protocol Reef Check was adopted as a first step basis. Since trained scientists, University students, park managers, NGO personnel and diver volunteers form the Brazilian Monitoring Program team, it was possible to incorporated gathering of more detailed data while still keeping the results compatible with the Reef Check protocol. New indicators were added to the standard Reef Check categories, and fish, invertebrates and corals were recorded to the species level. These detailed data allowed to obtain results on diversity of coral and fish species by region, latitudinal differences in species abundances, and to detect effects of different management strategies along 2,000km of the coast. During 5 years, surveys were conducted in 90 sites, distributed among the regions according to local support and field facilities, from a minimum of four and a maximum of 17 sites per reef area. Monitoring effort was possible with the support of several institutions and participation of volunteers who conducted surveys and participated from field trip organization to data entering. The efforts were aligned with other initiatives such as the Campaign for Conscious Conduct at Reef Environments, local research and conservation projects. Poster Mini-Symposium 18: Reef Status and Trends 18.765 Differential recovery rates of selected Philippine reefs from impacts of the 1997-1998 ENSO event: A decade after Miledel Christine QUIBILAN* 1 , Karen Lou FRANCISCO 2 , Rollan GERONIMO 2 , Porfirio ALINO 3 1 Conservation International Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines, 2 Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, 3 Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Panama The 1997-1998 ENSO event leading up to a massive coral bleaching event, remains to this day, as one of the most significant disturbance that has contributed greatly to demise of coral reefs worldwide. In the Philippines, as much as 20% coral mortality was observed 6 months to a year after the event. From 1997-1999, the subsequent changes in the coral community structure was compared at the level of individual frames within transects, among transects within reefs northwest of Luzon, Palawan and offshore reefs in South China Sea and Sulu Sea. We observed significant reductions in hard coral cover and consequent increases in dead coral and algal cover as well as in the overall spatial distributions of major benthic community attributes. The observed differential responses of the reefs were attributed mainly to their relative exposure (i.e. extent and duration) to the prevailing anomalous sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and to the degree of susceptibility of coral species to thermal stress and high light conditions. A decade after the event, follow-up surveys were done from 2000-2007 to determine if reefs have indeed recovered or not. While impacts from other natural (e.g. COTS infestation, storm impacts) and human-induced (e.g. siltation and overfishing) stressors have delayed reef recovery to different degrees, the establishment and effective management of no-take areas and the successful implementation of municipal fisheries regulations outside these areas indicate a reversal of degradation trends. 18.766 Damage And Short-Term Recovery Of Coral Reefs After Consecutive Hurricanes in A Caribbean Island Marinés MILLET-ENCALADA* 1,2 , Lorenzo ALVAREZ-FILIP 3 , Roberto HERNÁNDEZ- LANDA 1 , Héctor REYES-BONILLA 2 1 Scientific monitoring and academic vinculation, Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel, Cozumel, Mexico, 2 Marine Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 3 School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom In tropical ecosystems hurricanes are important factors that shape their structure and functioning. During 2005, Cozumel Island suffered the impact of two strong hurricanes. We took this opportunity to study the immediate damage and short term (2 yr) recovery of the coral reefs affected by these consecutive disturbances in the Cozumel Reefs National Park. From 2004 to 2007 we surveyed six reefs twice a year (spring and fall) performing 36 point intercept transects in a 30 m long transect for benthic components and 48 transect band (30 m long 2 m wide) for fish. Our results show that the amount of bare rock on reefs increased greatly postimpact, as a result of the loss of benthic organisms. In terms of the biotic communities, the total algae cover decreased by 28 % while the coral cover declined 55 % after the hurricanes. Physical damage to corals was patchy and most of the damage occurred to fragile species. The recovery trends indicate that the macroalgae were the benthic component with the most rapid colonization rates. Coral and massive sponges showed slow rates of recovery, while encrusting sponges exhibited a slight decrease in the last year. The abundance of grazing fishes (Acanthuridae and Scaridae) increased after the impacts suggesting that this group maintained low levels of filamentous algae in the reefs. In conclusion, after two years we found evidence of recovery and an increase in live coral tissue. The Marine Park protection and the decrease in tourist pressure may have facilitated this recovery, however it is important to notice that if the high growth rates of macroalgae continue, as they have up to now, coral recuperation might be compromised in the future. 454
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
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9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecologica
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Page 437 and 438: 18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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Page 441 and 442: 18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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Page 461 and 462: 18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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Page 483 and 484: 21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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Page 491 and 492: 22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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Page 501 and 502: 22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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Page 507 and 508: 23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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Page 511 and 512: 23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predictin
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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