11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Techniques in Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis
17.589
A Pan-Sharpening Method For Coral Reef Monitoring With Higher Accuracy
Hiroshi HANAIZUMI* 1 , Mizue AKIBA 1 , Hiroya YAMANO 2 , Tsuneo MATSUNAGA 2
1 Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan, 2 Center
for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies,
Tsukuba, Japan
Satellite based remote sensing is a powerful tool to detect and monitor coral reef decline
due to events such as bleaching. Here, we propose a pan-sharpening method for
increasing the availability of satellite remote sensing. Some satellites have physically
separated two sensors; one is for multi-spectral bands with low spatial resolution and the
other is for panchromatic band with high spatial resolution. The separation yields
parallax depending on depth of the coral reef (and height of land objects). Thus, it is
indispensable to register the panchromatic band image onto zoomed multi-spectral band
images. After the registration, each multi-spectral density is separated to color and
brightness components. The former corresponds to direction of the multi-spectral
density vector and the latter its norm. The blur in the zoomed multi-spectral images are
removed by replacing the brightness component with the panchromatic density. In order
to preserve the hue (i.e. density histogram) of the pan-sharpened multi-spectral image, we
have to determine the optimal estimator of the brightness component. Applying a
multiple regression algorithm, we obtained the optimal estimator. In our method, both
coral reef area and land area are pan-sharpened at a time. In the point of view of coral
reef change detection using pan-sharpened images, this feature enables us to select
control point pairs near the foreshore for the image registration.
In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, FORMOSAT images
were processed. The target area was the Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. The
FORMOSAT has 3 visible bands and 1 near infrared band with spatial resolution of 8m,
and also has panchromatic band, whose spectral band covers all visible and near infrared
bands, with spatial resolution of 2m. The proposed method was successfully applied to
the images. Multi-spectral density histograms of the pan-sharpened image were well
agreed with those of the original ones.
17.590
An Integrative Spatial Decision Support System
Hrishi PATEL 1 , Suchi GOPAL* 1 , Les KAUFMANN 1
1 Boston University, Boston, MA
We describe a spatial decision support system called MIDAS (Marine Integrated
Decision Analysis System), designed to support the process of decision-making for
Marine Management Areas (MMAs) users, public, and policy makers. The MIDAS
interface consists of three panels: the user can input data for 12 variables ("independent"
socio-economic, governance and ecological) in panel 1 as well as two spatial variables
(for 16 cells). Panel 2 of MIDAS displays a series of Java applets representing outcomes
of the interactions between the variable states that the user input in Panel 1. These applets
show the ecological resilience and health of the reef, state of governance and its impact of
MMA, fishing pressure and availability of fish in the market, relationship between quality
of life and ecological health of the reef. As the user's input in Panel 1 varies, Java applets
representing key interactions amongst the three groups of factors dynamically changes in
Panel 2, giving the user an instant feedback on what would happen to key outcomes
("dependent" variables). In addition, the user can input 2 variables spatially over 16 cells
and the outcome is a map of threat or risk displayed in Panel 3, along with relevant
factors that threaten the reef, including run-off from the rivers. We demonstrate MIDAS
for Hol Chan, Belize, that can assist the MMA users there to understand the critical
factors for success of MMA so that they can plan accordingly, and to estimate the likely
effects of their MMA based on the ecological, socioeconomic and governance conditions.
17.591
Classification and spatial analysis of the benthic facies of the southeastern Arabian Gulf
using passive optical remote sensing
Linda KNOECK* 1 , Sam PURKIS 2 , Bernhard RIEGL 2
1 Regulatory, United States Army Corp of Engineers, Jupiter, FL, 2 Oceanographic Center, Nova
Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL
It was the focus of this manuscript to use passive optical remote sensing to classify the benthic
facies of a large study area such as the southeastern Arabian Gulf. Landsat TM and Quickbird
sensors were also evaluated for the determination of benthic facies. Spatial distributions were
further examined from the classified image to study facies patterns. It was found that Landsat
TM sensors could be used to accurately classify benthos of a large study area such as the
southeastern Arabian Gulf if sufficient ground control data was available. This was determined
by using both the unsupervised and supervised classification techniques in the ENVI 4.1
program. When discussing the issue of scale in relevance to classification for small areas
considered in isolation (i.e. Butina Bank), the Landsat TM sensor returned classification results
comparable to those obtained with a higher spatial resolution (Quickbird sensors). By using the
classification results from the southeastern Arabian Gulf, the patch frequency of the facies
concluded that patch frequency and area were inversely related, with smaller areas being more
common and larger areas rare. The data showed a linear relationship on log-log plots and
therefore could be termed a power function. Due to the linear relationship, perhaps patch
frequency and area follow a power function.
17.592
A Spectral Linear Mixing Model And Analyses Of Mixed Pixels, Broward County
(Florida)
Adrienne CARTER* 1
1 Marine Science & Biological Research, Coastal Planning & Engineering, Inc., Boca Raton, FL
Ideally spectral discrimination of reef habitat components allows for the generation of benthic
classification maps via spectral and spatial digital remote sensing. The processing of in situ
spectral signatures into calibrated reflectance forms an essential component of aquatic remote
sensing projects that utilize spectroradiometric data in support of airborne image analyses. In
the offshore waters of Broward County, Florida from 25°58’40”N to 26°3’13”N, in situ spectral
signatures were measured using a diver-operated spectroradiometer. Reflectance spectra data
was gathered from dominant benthic substrate types at depths ranging from 15m - 30m. Target
photographs via SCUBA were used to quantitatively identify habitat composition. Generic
spectral signatures for the dominant reef habitat types were calculated. Linear spectral mixing
was conducted by mixing the generic spectral reflectance data according to the prevalence of
the benthic types as quantified using photography at meter-scale. Differences between mixed
spectra were investigated through fourth derivative analysis. Results of the spectral mixing
analysis determined areas of wavelength dominance by resident endmembers found within a
mixed spectrum. Ideal wavelengths are also identified for spectral discrimination between
spectrally similar benthic types.
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