11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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14.470 Recent Invasion Of The Tropical Western Atlantic By An Indo-Pacific Deep-Sea Snapper Tonatiuh TREJO-CANTWELL* 1 , Brian W. BOWEN 1 1 University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, HI Deep-sea snappers (Lutjanidae) in the genus Etelis are represented by 3 species (E. carbunculus, E. coruscans, E. radiosus) in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, but only a single species (E. oculatus) in the Atlantic. Many other marine organisms exhibit evolutionary connections between the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic oceans, but the pathway and timing of these connections remain largely unknown. Phylogenetic analyses of 507 bp of the mtDNA cytochrome b gene indicate a close affinity (approximately 1.5% divergence) between Indo-Pacific populations of E. coruscans and western Atlantic populations of E. oculatus, two morphologically similar snappers. These data indicate a colonization pathway from the Indo-Pacific around South Africa and directly into the tropical western Atlantic, a pattern also observed in recent studies of gobies (genus Gnatholepis) and angelfishes (genus Centropyge). During recent interglacial periods, relaxation of the cold Benguela Current along the coast of Africa may have allowed fish larvae in the tropical Agulhas Current to enter the southern Atlantic and be transported by the South Equatorial Current directly into the western Atlantic. The goby and angelfish data indicate invasions of Indo-Pacific reef fishes into the western Atlantic occurred approximately 145,000 and 250,000-500,000 years ago, respectively. Using conventional mtDNA molecular clock estimates for marine fishes (approximately 2% per million years between lineages), our data for E. coruscans and E. oculatus suggest an Atlantic founder event occurred approximately 750,000 years ago. Collectively these findings demonstrate a novel biogeographic pathway for colonization between ocean basins that clearly enhances Atlantic reef biodiversity. 14.471 Glass Sponge Reefs On The Canadian Continental Shelf: Population Structure And Reproduction Andia CHAVES-FONNEGRA* 1 , Sally P. LEYS 1 1 Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada Glass sponges are unusual animals that have the ability to form massive reefs. Sponge reefs reached their maximum during the Jurassic, declined during the Cretaceous, and were thought extinct until several were discovered in the early 1990s at depths of 100 to 250 m on Canada’s Pacific coast. Glass sponges have a siliceous skeleton that is fused into a rigid framework. Compared to coral reefs, sponge reefs have a lower richness of framework species; only three hexactinellid sponge species form the reef framework: Aphrocallistes vastus, Farrea occa and Heterochone calyx. But, like corals, they can form patches or mounds where they tend to grow very close to each other, thus forming a net three-dimensional structure. Sexual reproduction by larvae has only been documented in one individual, suggesting that sustainability of the reef could be by asexual reproduction. To determine the extent to which sponge reefs might be clonal, and bud to form massive single colonies of the same genotype, tissue compatibility experiments were carried out with different individuals (non-self) and with pieces of the same individual (self). The remote operated vehicle ROPOS was used to survey and collect tissue samples from reefs located in the Strait of Georgia, Canada. Initial results suggest that 10/15 (67%) pairs of self fragments stayed adhered to one-another, whereas only 3/23 pairs (13%) of non-self fragments remained adhered to one-another after 12 hrs. These results suggest that reefs are not formed exclusively by clones, implying that recruitment must occur by larval dispersal. A total of five patches of live sponge reefs are found in the Galiano Ridge reef complex and eight at Fraser Ridge reef. Microsatellite markers are being designed to confirm these preliminary results and to determine whether the reef complexes of framework hexactinellid sponges constitute different populations. Poster Mini-Symposium 14: Reef Connectivity 14.472 Understanding Potential Patterns Of Larval Dispersal From Grouper Spawning Aggregations – Drifter Vial Studies From Raja Ampat Islands, Eastern Indonesia Joanne WILSON* 1,2 , Peter MOUS 2 , Chris ROTINSULU 2 , Andreas MULJADI 2 1 Indonesia Program, The Nature Conservancy, Sanur, Indonesia, 2 The Nature Conservancy, Sanur, Indonesia Raja Ampat Islands in Eastern Indonesia contain the world’s highest coral reef biodiversity and are a global priority for conservation. Recently, a network of 7 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) covering an area of 900 000 ha was declared in this area. The Nature Conservancy and partners are supporting local governments and communities to develop a zoning system within these MPAs. Understanding and incorporating biological patterns of connectivity is one of the fundamental principles used in the design of MPA networks. Grouper spawning aggregations are a key target for inclusion in no-take areas. Understanding the patterns and scale of larval dispersal from these sites will inform MPA design. Biological patterns of connectivity result from a combination of biological and physical factors. As a first step, drifter vials were used to determine local and regional scale current patterns. Vials were released from two spawning aggregation sites, one during the spawning season in 2005 (1000 vials) and another in 2006 (5000 vials). Between 15-30% of vials were recovered. The majority were recovered within the first month and within 20 km of the release sites which is within the MPA network. However, a small number of vials traveled over 500 km with one vial traveling to Papua New Guinea ‘against’ major equatorial currents. This study demonstrates the potential importance of these sites for local and regional replenishment and hence the importance of protecting spawning aggregations in no-take areas. It also demonstrates the importance of understanding local currents when interpreting the role of large scale current features in connectivity. The next step is to compare these data with the extensive database on marine genetic connectivity available for this region. 14.473 Scale-Dependent Variability in Larval Supply in Coastal Kenya: Towards Estimating Connectivity Of Reef Sites James MWALUMA 1 , Boaz KAUNDA-ARARA* 2 , Melckzedeck OSORE 1 , Vidar ORESLAND 3 1 Kenya Marine & Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya, 2 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, 3 Marine Insitute, Fisheries Board, Stockholm, Sweden Reef fishes are known to be demographically open with pelagic larval phase that reseeds distant populations. The dispersal of larvae to reef sites is therefore a function of hydrodynamics, larval behaviour and interactions thereof. Metacommunity models have either been based on local communities connected to a regional pool or on a set of spatially segregated communities connected by individual inputs. In this study we examined the levels of connectivity of local and regional fish assemblies based on an estimate of larval supply to reef sites covering a span of > 100 km and across habitat patches spanning a distance of < 10 km on the Kenyan coast. Larval supply was quantified using plankton tows when peak larval abundance is expected along the coast during 2006 and 2007. Results show species-specific differences in larval supply on a south-north gradient, with the presence of more spatially truncated dispersal in some species (e.g. Lethrinidae, Scaridae and Apogonidae). This is contrasted to species with medium (Siganidae) and long distance dispersal regimes (e.g. Holocentridae). Models of dispersal for the dominant larvae show differences in kurtosis. The results indicate differences in dispersal distances of larvae along the Kenyan coast. Patterns of distribution indicate possible differences in spawning sites and times and existence of mechanisms that truncate dispersal. These results have implications for setting outer spatial limits for stock management, connectivity of reef sites and for siting of marine reserves. 381
14.474 Population Genetic Structure of the Scleractinian Coral Seriatopora hystrix on the Great Barrier Reef as Revealed by Microsatellites: Patterns of Reproduction and Dispersal Elke MAIER* 1 , Ralph TOLLRIAN 2 , Beate NÜRNBERGER 1 1 Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany, 2 Lehrstuhl für Evolutionsökologie und Biodiversität der Tiere, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany Pelagic dispersal of larvae is a fundamental process in coral population dynamics and evolution because it affects the rate and pattern of adaptation and determines the dynamics of local extinction and re-colonisation. Thus it is critical for the persistence of populations and a central issue for the design of marine reserves. We present a microsatellite study on the brooding coral Seriatopora hystrix from the Great Barrier Reef, sampled at nine locations from two geographical regions (Lizard and Heron Island, max. distance: ~1200 km). We employed traditional population genetic analyses together with recent Bayesian approaches to evaluate within-site genetic structure as well as connectivity patterns on different spatial scales. Specifically, we aimed to 1) infer reproductive mode, 2) identify causes of heterozygote deficits that occurred at all sites, 3) evaluate migration patterns and 4) detect immigrants. Within-site genetic structure revealed evidence for low levels of clonal propagation at several locations. Observed heterozygote deficits were best explained by a combination of null alleles and population processes (e.g. Wahlund effects, sampling of close relatives). Levels of genetic differentiation were low (Lizard Island) to moderate (Heron Island) within regions whereas marked differentiation between regions indicated little genetic exchange. At Heron Island, cluster analyses revealed pronounced substructure within sites which allowed us to identify individual immigrants. In contrast, Lizard Island sites appeared highly homogeneous, consistent with low levels of immigration. Furthermore, we investigated the occurrence of within-colony heterogeneity. We found that both allogeneic fusions and somatic mutations occurred. Our results imply that restricted dispersal and local adaptation should be regarded as critical factors for the conservation of S. hystrix. 14.475 Race To The Reef: Tracking Reef Fish From Open Ocean To Nursery Habitats To Coral Reefs And Back Again… Samantha WHITCRAFT* 1 , John LAMKIN 2 1 RSMAS - Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, FL, 2 NOAA - Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, FL The Early Life History Team at NOAA’s Southeast Fisheries Science Center is a multidisciplinary team of scientists dedicated to excellence in early life history research to support applied fisheries management and habitat conservation in the Southeast Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean ecosystems. To that end, we study the dynamics of how specific fish species use a variety of habitats during their life-cycle. For example, adult gray snappers (Lutjanus griseus) tend to spawn in deeper coastal waters, usually in association with coral reefs or hard-bottom substrate while coastal mangroves provide the intermediate juvenile habitat for gray snappers that recruit to seagrass beds. To study spawning and larval transport in pelagic waters we conduct large-scale survey cruises that sample, quantify, map, and model the distribution of specific fisheries species. To study smaller-scale estuarine and inshore habitat use and movements of snappers we use acoustic tagging and tracking to determine site fidelity and habitat requirements. Understanding this dynamic ecosystem connectivity is vital to essential coastal habitat conservation planning and fisheries management. Poster Mini-Symposium 14: Reef Connectivity 14.477 Zonation of Mesophotic Reefs in the Bahamas John REED* 1 , Shirley POMPONI 2 , Robert GINSBURG 3 1 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Fort Pierce, FL, 2 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, fort Pierce, FL, 3 University of Miami, Miami, FL Fore-reef escarpments, margins of carbonate platforms, and island slopes provide an expansive zone for mesophotic reefs throughout the Caribbean and Bahamas that may exceed 24,000 linear km at depths of 30->100 m. Mesophotic reefs occur where there are suitable combinations of geomorphology (steep, rocky slope), low sedimentation, light and temperature, that often result in biological diversity that may rival shallow water reefs. Shallow reef species that extend into the mesophotic zone provide potential connectivity and resilience to emerging threats such as rising sea-surface temperatures. Submersible dives document the macrobenthos at various sites within the mesophotic zone throughout the Bahamas using video-transects, benthic samples, and CTD. Video images from these dives analyzed by pointcount software (CPCe) reveal percent cover of habitat: rock (pavement, boulders, wall), sediment, and rubble; benthic macrobiota: coral (scleractinia, gorgonacea), sponge, and algae (red, brown, green); and percentage of corals with apparent disease and/or bleaching. Temperatures are more stable and cooler at mesophotic depths, ranging from 22-28 o C at 60-150 m with 1-3 o C thermocline common at 50-100 m. Moderated maximum temperatures on mesophotic reefs result in reduced coral bleaching compared to shallow reefs. Previous studies indicate that certain scleractinians are restricted to the deep reef zone, such as Agaricia grahamae (115 m maximum depth) and Leptoseris cucullata (108 m), whereas other species are ubiquitous to the entire reefal depth range (Monastraea cavernosa, 3-113 m). Likewise, some algae and sponges are either restrictive in their zonation or occupy broad and contiguous ranges from shallow to deep. Our historical records from submersible dives throughout the Bahamas and Caribbean extend nearly 30 years and are invaluable resources for marine managers for tracking natural and anthropogenic changes in these diverse deep reef ecosystems, and also for assessing their potential to mitigate losses in shallow water areas. 14.478 Geographic Differentiation And Mass Mortalities Of A Mediterranean Symbiotic Gorgonian: eunicella Singularis Jérôme CATANÉO* 1 , Paola FURLA 1 , Denis ALLEMAND 2 , Didier FORCIOLI 1 1 2 ECOMERS, Nice-Sophia Antipolis University, Nice cedex2, France, Scientific Centre of Monaco, Monaco, Monaco Over the past decade, Mediterranean seawaters have undergone important warming events which led to episodic but massive mortalities of many marine invertebrates. Among these, Eunicella singularis, the only symbiotic Mediterranean gorgonian, has been particularly affected. However the observed mortalities varied locally in this species. Such heterogeneity could be due to a genetic differentiation of the holobiont. Geographical differentiation among the Mediterranean populations of a non-symbiotic gorgonian has already been found (Costantini et al., 2007) and could occur also for Eunicella singularis. Unlike tropical corals, and despite a broad bathymetric distribution, Eunicella singularis harbours only one Symbiodinium sp. sub-clade (A’). The aim of this work was then to find if the heterogeneity in mortality could be linked to geographical and/or bathymetric differentiation of Eunicella singularis, in both the host and its symbionts at an intra-clade level. We also determined the impact of the recent mortalities on the genetic diversity of Eunicella singularis. To study these issues, we identified a dozen of microsatellite loci from the genomes of Eunicella singularis and of its symbionts. New loci had to be developed as it has not been possible to use microsatellites found in other cnidarian or symbiotic clades. More than two hundred individuals collected on half a dozen sites at different depths were genotyped. Geographic differentiation was explored by bayesian analysis. This work, through a better understanding of the adaptive mechanisms within this symbiosis, is a key step in the development of a conservation program for this patrimonial specie. LITERATURE CITED Costantini, F et al. – 2007 – Marine Ecology Progress Series (340) – pp109-119 382
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
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9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecologica
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Page 401 and 402: 14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
Page 403 and 404: 14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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