11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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14.461 On The Trail Of A Voracious Predator – The Phylogeography Of acanthaster Planci Catherine VOGLER* 1 , Paul BARBER 2 , John BENZIE 3 , Gert WÖRHEIDE 1 1 Courant Research Center Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, 2 Boston University, Boston, MA, 3 Moana Technologies, Aiea, HI Due to their high dispersal potential and the apparent lack of barriers in the marine realm, widespread marine organisms have long been expected to display little genetic structuring. Yet recent studies on marine invertebrates challenge this belief. Distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific, and as such an ideal model for understanding patterns influencing its genetic structure, the conspicuous crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci has drawn much public and scientific attention over the last 40 years. Despite being a natural predator of corals, it is notoriously infamous for its dramatically destructive oubreaks that have devastated coral reefs throughout its distribution range. However, until today, little is understood about its larval dispersal patterns, the connectivity among populations, and the spread of outbreaks among reefs - all essential elements to appreciate the scale of A. planci’s threat to coral reefs and devise appropriate management plans. Previous studies on A. planci have allowed uncovering substantial gene flow among populations over large distances; nonetheless a major genetic differentiation between the Indian and Pacific Oceans was also detected. However, the lack of resolution of the markers used in these studies limited the interpretability of the data at a finer scale. By investigating A. planci’s phylogeography using sequences of the mtDNA control region, and increasing the sampling to its whole distribution range, this study allowed distinguishing several differentiated clades - probably influenced by past geo-tectonic events and sea level changes, as well as current oceanographic patterns - and understanding more about the dispersal patterns of this ecologically important corallivore. 14.462 The Smell Of Leaves Helps Coral Reef Clownfish Find Island Homes Danielle L. DIXSON* 1 , Geoffery P. JONES 1,2 , Serge PLANES 3 , Morgan S. PRATCHETT 1,2 , Maya SRINIVASAN 1,2 , Craig SYMS 1 , Simon R. THORROLD 4 1 School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, 2 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, 3 Laboratoire Écosystèmes Aquatiques Tropicaux et Méditerranéens, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France, 4 Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA Coral reef fish larvae can potentially use a range of stimuli to locate and orientate towards natal reefs. While a high proportion of juvenile clownfish Amphiprion percula settle on natal reefs, how they find their way home is unknown. In Kimbe Bay (Papua New Guinea), A. percula is most abundant on the shallow reef flats and in lagoons associated with isolated vegetated islands and is rare on reefs without islands. Here we used a series of pair-wise choice experiments to investigate the role of water-borne olfactory cues potentially used to find islands. Recently settled juvenile A. percula preferred: (1) Water collected near islands instead of offshore water; (2) Water taken from reefs with islands instead of water from reefs without islands; and (3) Natal lagoon water instead of water from another lagoon. In addition, (4) juveniles preferred water treated with rainforest leaves compared to untreated offshore water. We hypothesize that A. percula use a cocktail of olfactory stimuli to locate vegetated islands, which may explain the high levels of self-recruitment on island reefs. This previously unrecognised link between coral reefs and island vegetation argues for the integrated management of these pristine tropical habitats. Poster Mini-Symposium 14: Reef Connectivity 14.463 Reef Connectivity Of Marine Reserves in Central Philippines As Determined Using Fish Mitochondrial Dna Amida Diwata MACANSANTOS* 1 , Hilconida CALUMPONG 1 , Ma. Rio NAGUIT 1 , Jacinta LUCAÑAS 1 , Janet ESTACION 1 , Adonis FLOREN 1 1 Silliman University Institute of Environmental and Marine Sciences, Dumaguete City, Philippines A patchwork of Marine Reserves have been established in central Philippines as a means of conserving and enhancing its marine resources. However, these reserves were established without any particular design or consideration of their ecological connectivity which is so important for their sustainability. The objective of this study was to determine the connectivity of marine reserves in the central Philippines to assist coastal managers in determining priority areas for protection and in site selection to enhance productivity. Mitochondrial DNA of fish collected from the vicinity of twelve marine reserves found throughout central Philippines was used to compare genetic variation and infer genetic structure. Two fish species, Dascyllus trimaculatus and Pterocaesio pisang were used because they exhibit extreme differences in pelagic larval duration and mode of dispersal. Water current patterns from each site was determined using the drogue method. Preliminary analysis using PAUP* 4.0 showed three subgroups of more similar haplotypes that correspond to three levels of geographic distance. Dascyllus trimaculatus exhibited a stronger genetic structure compared to P. pisang which is a more mobile species. The genetic structure obtained is supported by the water current patterns. 14.465 Genetic Structure Of The Giant Clam, tridacna Crocea As Indicator Of Connectivity Among Mpas in Central Philippines Maria Rio NAGUIT* 1,2 , Hilconida CALUMPONG 2 , Janet ESTACION 2 , Amida Diwata MACANSANTOS 3 1 Jose Rizal Memorial State College, Katipunan, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines, 2 Institute of Environment and Marine Sciences, Silliman University, Dumaguete, Philippines, 3 Institute of Environment and Marine Sciences, Silliman University, Dumguete, Philippines The genetic structure of five populations of the giant clam, Tridacna crocea from reefs in the Central Philippines was determined using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1). Samples from the Spratly group of islands were included for comparison. Results showed a remarkably high level of haplotypic diversity but low nucleotide diversity. Analysis using Molecular Analysis of Variance (AMOVA) revealed significant homogeneity which indicates geneflow among the five populations. This translates to MPA connectivity and highlights the importance of each MPA sampled as both source and sink of T. crocea. 379
14.466 South East African, High-Latitude Coral Communities, A Canary For Western Indian Ocean Coral Reefs? Angus MACDONALD* 1 , Michael SCHLEYER 1 , Jennifer LAMB 2 1 Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, South Africa, 2 University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Coral reefs are important to coastal communities throughout the western Indian Ocean (WIO). Coral reef health is deteriorating in this region and resources associated with reefs are thus dwindling. In order that reef resources are sustained for future generations, intervention, in the form of management, is necessary. Effective management of human behaviour associated with coral reef use must incorporate realistic information on coral population dynamics. In this study, stony coral population diversity and relatedness were investigated at several scales using molecular methods. Genetic diversity may be used as a proxy to gauge both the population dynamics and resilience of a community. Genetic variability was thus measured in two corals with different reproductive modes, larval dispersal capabilities and life history strategies. The corals Acropora austera and Platygyra daedalea were chosen as molecular markers were available for these species. We used intron regions in the nuclear DNA of A. austera and the ITS region of the ribosomal DNA of P. daedalea to compare population genetic variability and to separate phylogenetic history from phylogeography. There appears to be regular genetic exchange between populations of both corals in the region. The local oceanography would indicate that northern reef systems may be considered source populations and southern systems, sink populations. This is corroborated by greater genetic diversity in the north. Considering this information, southern reef coral genetic diversity may be a valuable gauge of reef deterioration in the true accretive coral reef systems in the north. 14.467 Using A Multi-Locus Technique To Assess Population Genetic Structure And Infer Dispersal Patterns in Adult Populations Of The Temperate Coral Oculina Arbuscula. Daniel BRAZEAU* 1 , Daniel GLEASON 2 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 2 Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA The population structure of adult corals is determined by the genetic diversity of the settling larvae each season and subsequent recruit survivorship. On hard-bottom reefs of the southeastern U.S., the broadcast spawning temperate coral, Oculina arbuscula, exist within a patchwork of rocky outcrops surrounded by large expanses of soft substrate. These “live bottom” reefs provide topographic complexity and serve as critical habitat for fish and invertebrate communities. In this paper we employ highly polymorphic genetic markers to assess the genetic structure of adult populations of O. arbuscula on 5 reefs within the vicinity of Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary off Georgia, USA. Juveniles were also collected from recruitment plates at one of the sites and assessed for likely origin. A total of 143 adults and 28 juveniles were studied using 85 polymorphic AFLP markers. The overall frequency of markers was 0.23 (SD = 0.17), ranging from 0.05 to 0.81. Two assignment-based analyses (AFLPOP and Structure) were used to assess the genetic heterogeneity of adults and recruits. Both AFLPOP and Structure showed significant structure among adult populations though there was no relationship between allele frequency divergences between sites and geographic distance. Genetic heterogeneity among adult populations was sufficient to allow either analysis to correctly assign randomly chosen individuals back to the populations they were collected from with probabilities from 41% to 72%. Based upon adult frequencies, AFLPOP and Structure identified the natal reef as the most likely source for 57% and 61% respectively of the juveniles. The next site with the highest probabilities of recruit origin accounted for 21% to 25% of the recruits. This site was not the next nearest site to the reef where the juveniles were collected. These limited data suggest significant structure among adult populations for this broadcast spawning species perhaps driven in part by self seeding. Poster Mini-Symposium 14: Reef Connectivity 14.468 Genetic structure of the giant barrel sponge Xestospongia muta in Northern Caribbean Susanna LOPEZ-LEGENTIL* 1 , Joseph PAWLIK 2 1 Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 2 Center for Marine Science, University North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC Sponges play key functional roles in coral reef ecosystems. In the Caribbean, the giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, is a dominant reef constituent. In recent years reports of sponge bleaching, disease and subsequent mortality have alarmingly increased. Population recovery may strongly depend on colonization capabilities of the affected species. However, little is known about population structure and gene flow among sponge populations. The mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) fragment amplified with Folmer’s universal primers is frequently used for population genetic and phylogeography studies in marine taxa, but this fragment presents very low nucleotide variability in sponges. In this study, we tested the usefulness of the I3-M11 partition of COI to determine the genetic structure of Xestospongia muta in the Northern Caribbean. 116 sequences of 544 bp were obtained corresponding to four haplotypes. The nucleotide diversity found for the I3-M11 partition (π = 0.00386) was higher than the one found for Folmer’s, indicating better resolution at lower taxonomic levels. Pairwise tests for genetic differentiation among geographic locations based on FST values showed significant genetic divergence between most populations. However, this genetic differentiation was not due to isolation by distance. While limited dispersal may have led to differentiation among some of the populations, the patterns of genetic similarity appear to be most strongly related to patterns of ocean currents. As determined for other marine invertebrates, our results suggest that geographic barriers play a major role in sponge colonization in the Caribbean and need to be considered in existing and future plans for management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems. 14.469 Pelagic Larval Durations And Settlement Size in The Western Atlantic lutjanus Spp. Benjamin VICTOR* 1 1 Ocean Science Foundation, Irvine, CA The pelagic larval duration for all of the eight shallow-water snappers from the Western Atlantic is three to four weeks with remarkably little variation. Divergent reports of PLDs in the literature probably reflect different interpretations of the otolith microstructure near the center and at the settlement mark. I estimated larval durations from the otoliths of settling larvae from several sites in the Caribbean. Both inter and intra-specific variation in PLD was very low, especially considering some inevitable counting error. In contrast to the consistency in PLD, the size at settlement varied greatly between species, with grey snappers settling at particularly small sizes (10-15 mm SL) and mahogany snappers settling at the largest sizes (17-22 mm SL). There was less variation in size at settlement within species. Given the consistency of the larval duration, the variation in size at settlement is due primarily to varying growth rates while pelagic. This indicates that there are species-specific growth trajectories in the open ocean that likely reflect species-specific larval ecology amongst the snappers in the region. 380
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
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9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Page 383 and 384: 12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
Page 385 and 386: Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Page 389 and 390: 14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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Page 393 and 394: 14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
Page 395: 14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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Page 401 and 402: 14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
Page 403 and 404: 14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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Page 407 and 408: 14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Page 413 and 414: Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Page 431 and 432: 18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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Page 439 and 440: 18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
Page 441 and 442: 18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predictin
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Poster Mini-Symposium 26: Biodivers
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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