11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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14.445 The Swimming Ability And Behaviour Of Coral Larval: How These Affect Retention And Dispersion? Valeria PIZARRO* 1 , Jeremy C. THOMASON 2 1 Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, 2 School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom In general, marine larvae have a free-swimming phase before settling. This phase could be playing an important role on retention, dispersion, and connectivity between populations between others. Until recently, it was thought that coral larvae swimming capabilities were so poor that currents advected them as passive particles. Nowadays it is accepted that coral larvae can control their position in the water column avoiding advection. This study aims to describe Montastraea annularis and M. faveolata larvae swimming capabilities and changes in swimming behaviour with age, and how these could affect retention and/or dispersion from parental reefs. Coral larvae observations were made following Stake and Sammarco (2003) methods. Three planulae from each species were observed daily, and vertical position, swimming velocity, and qualitative observations of swimming behaviour were recorded every five minutes. GLM ANOVA analyses were used to determine the effects of the age on the velocity and depth for each response variable. The effect of age on planulae behaviour a binomial logistic regression analysis was performed. Obtained results shown the capability of larvae to alternate swimming pattern, velocity and depth which then enables them to explore suitable substrata for settlement. This capability also contributes to dispersal away from natal reefs by controlling their position in the water column, and may determine adult distributions on reefs. Additionally, we found, for the first time 1) swimming velocity and depth varied with age only for M. annularis; and, 2) the probability of settlement increased with age for M. annularis and M. faveolata 14.446 Population Structure Of The Mediterranean Solitary Coral balanophyllia Europaea Jillian MANSFIELD* 1 , Stefano GOFFREDO 2 , Mary Alice COFFROTH 3 1 2 3 University at Buffalo, Oswego, NY, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY Balanophyllia europaea is a simultaneous hermaphroditic, brooding coral species, and is endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. The population structure and biogeography of B. europaea were determined for eight populations found in the Mediterranean Basin around Italy. Population genetic theory predicts that if B. europaea is a hermaphrodite, it will self-fertilize frequently leading to inbreeding and a significant deficit of heterozygotes in the populations. Three microsatellite loci were used to test this hypothesis; and the hypothesis that the swimming, pelagic larvae of this brooder coral will produce significant gene flows within small spatial scales causing populations at large scales to be genetically structured. Preliminary results of this study do seem to support these hypotheses; however, more analyses and the creation of several new polymorphic loci are required to fully support these hypotheses and will be carried out in the near future and reported in a subsequent paper. Poster Mini-Symposium 14: Reef Connectivity 14.447 Strong Genetic Structure Of The Widespread Coral acropora Hyacinthus in The Peripheral Region Of Indo-Pacific Reefs Go SUZUKI* 1,2 , Takeshi HAYASHIBARA 3 , Yoshihisa SHIRAYAMA 2 , Hironobu FUKAMI 2 1 Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 2 Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Wakayama, Japan, 3 Ishigaki Tropical Station, Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Ishigaki, Japan Genetic variations in marine organisms with high dispersal potential of larvae are generally low especially within a region subject to strong ocean current. However, a difference in the genetic composition of the temperate and subtropical populations of tabular coral Acropora hyacinthus (one of the most common corals in the Indo-Pacific reefs) was found, despite the presence of the Kuroshio current in this region. Phylogenetic analysis using a mitochondrial DNA marker showed that intra-specific genetic variations were as large as that among 14 other congeneric species, and the variations were classified into four haplotype groups (Hya A–D). Notably, each group was disproportionately distributed: HyaA and B were mainly distributed in the temperate region, HyaD was mainly distributed in the subtropical region, and HyaC dominated in both regions. Crossbreeding experiments showed no gametic isolation among the colonies with these haplotype groups, simultaneous spawning was observed during the experiments, and sympatric distribution of all groups was verified in the field, indicating the four haplotype groups belong to a single species with high genetic polymorphism. Nested clade analysis revealed the existence of a geographical association between HyaA and D. Considering the geological and genetic data, we hypothesize that a vicariant event such as a lowering of the sea level during glacial periods may have isolated peripheral (temperate) A. hyacinthus populations from the core subtropical ones. Recent connection between the populations (based on the presence of HyaC) may be due to the Kuroshio current, which would transport A. hyacinthus larvae from subtropical to temperate populations. Focusing on peripheral/temperate populations has the potential to improve our understanding of the evolutional history of corals. 14.448 Population Structure Of The Redbelly Yellow Tail Fusilier, Caesio Cuning, (Perciformes, Lutjanidae) Sinta PARDEDE 1 , Paul BARBER* 2 , Kent CARPENTER 3 1 Indonesia Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bogor, Indonesia, 2 Biology, Boston University Marine Program, Boston, MA, 3 Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA Studies examining patterns of regional genetic subdivision in Indonesia report many regional barriers to gene flow. However, these have focused on species with pelagic or demersal life history. Caesio cuning is a mid-water reef fish that combines aspects of demersal and pelagic life histories. This study examines genetic connectivity among C. cuning populations throughout Indonesia to understand the genetic impact of its intermediate life history. A total of 380 base pairs of the mitochondrial control region were collected from 323 individual fish, representing 18 study sites in Indonesia. Results from AMOVA indicated pronounced genetic structure among populations east and west of the Sunda Shelf (FST=0.4827 (p< 0.0001), suggesting Pleistocene vicariance between Indian and Pacific Ocean populations. Although pair-wise analysis of gene flow shows similar results with Medan and Raja Ampat exhibiting limited genetic exchange with most of the other populations. fine-scale genetic structure was also found throughout the Indonesian Archipelago, suggesting additional limits to genetic connectivity. In particular, results suggest that populations from the Java region are significantly isolated from populations in Northern Sulawesi and most of Eastern Indonesia. Overall, genetic patterns in C. cuning are more similar to demersal reef fish than to pelagics, suggesting that this species does not disperse broadly. 375
14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography of Acanthaster planci) (L.) Across the Indo-Pacific Region: Does the Strong Genetic Break Reveal an Ongoing Speciation? Karin GÉRARD* 1 , Nina YASUDA 2 , Kazuo NADAOKA 2 , Satoshi NAGAI 3 , Jean-Pierre FÉRAL 4 1 CNRS DIMAR, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France, 2 Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, 3 National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Hiroshima, Japan, 4 CNRS DIMAR, Marseille, France The crown-of-thorns-starfish, Acanthaster planci (L) is one of the most devastating corallivorous asteroids, which unstable population dynamics rapidly switches from low density to outbreak. Although the biology of this species is well illustrated, information about the origin and mechanisms of outbreaks is scarce. Most of genetic studies on A. planci populations were conducted in Pacific and East Indian Oceans from allozyme polymorphism, highlighting strong dispersal abilities across the Indo-Pacific region. Here, to complete the nuclear genetic structure, the relationships of A. planci populations from West Indian and Pacific Oceans were analysed with two mitochondrial loci: 16S rDNA (16S) and cytochrome oxydase subunit I (COI). The populations of A. planci from the Indian and Pacific Oceans did not share any haplotype of both mitochondrial loci. The divergence of these populations reached 9% (16S), which was particularly strong given that the inter-specific divergence within the genus Acanthaster is about 12%. These two populations have been isolated for long enough to reach the reciprocal monophyly. Molecular clock calculations led to estimate the divergence time at 1.56 million years. Within the Pacific region, a genetic differentiation among populations from Japan, North central Pacific (Pohnpei and Majuro) and French Polynesia is highlighted. The star-like network of the 16S haplotypes together with mismatch distributions and negatives values of neutrality tests, suggested that the Japanese group has suffered a population expansion −however not recently− while samples from Pohnpei Majuro and French Polynesia show characteristics of stable populations. The populations from West Indian Ocean displayed both lower nucleotide and haplotype diversities than Pacific populations and no genetic structure has been proved. Populations of A. planci from both oceans may actually be on their way to speciation, but in order to prove it, the putative contact zone of the two genetic entities remains to be analysed: the Indo-Malayan region. 14.450 Tracking Multiple Fish Species' Movements Among Multiple Habitats: The Florida Atlantic Coast Telemetry Array (FACT). Samantha WHITCRAFT* 1,2 , Craig FAUNCE 3 , Eric REYIER 4 , David SABIN 5 , Christina CONRATH 6 , John LAMKIN 7 , Craig LAYMAN 8 1 Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 2 Bilogical Sciences Dept., Florida International University, North Miami, 3 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Tequesta, FL, 4 DYNAMAC Corporation - NASA, Kennedy Space Center, FL, 5 Loxahatchee River District, Jupiter, FL, 6 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 7 Early Life History Lab, NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, FL, 8 Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL The Florida Atlantic Coast Telemetry Array (F.A.C.T.) is a regional coordination of multiple acoustic telemetry projects aimed at tracking the movements of multiple species’ within and between ecosystems. The array is composed of two portions: the northern array in the Mosquito/Indian River Lagoons, and the southern array of St. Lucie and Loxahatchee estuaries and adjacent reefs. The northern array comprises 34 VEMCO VR2 receivers that span over ~256 km2 of lagoonal habitats, and tracks 44 tagged red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), and 50 rays (Dasyatis sp., Gymnura sp.). The southern array combines 67 VR2 receivers, stretching over ~13 km from river to reef, and is currently tracks 44 tagged juvenile and 33 adult mangrove snappers (Lutjanus griseus), 6 common snook (Centropomus undecimalis), and lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris). Comparisons of nocturnal/diurnal movement patterns suggest that some daily movement patterns are conserved in both juvenile and adult L. griseus in two different habitats – estuarine and coral reef. The FACT collaboration addresses and demonstrates the importance of considering ecosystem-scale fish movements in subtropical coastal research and management. Poster Mini-Symposium 14: Reef Connectivity 14.451 Comparative Phylogeography Of Three Endangered Giant Clam Species Across The Coral Triangle Timery DEBOER* 1 , Matthew SUBIA 2 , Pak AMBARIYANTO 3 , Mark ERDMANN 4 , Katie KOVITVONGSA 5 , Paul BARBER 1 1 Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 2 College of Science, Media Arts, and Technology, Cal State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, 3 Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia, 4 Conservation International Indonesia Marine Program, Bali, Indonesia, 5 Boston University, Boston, MA The Coral Triangle is the global center of marine biodiversity. Phylogeography seeks to explain such contemporary distributions of taxa in the context of both species-specific biological factors and geologic and climatic factors that are common to all species in a single geographic area. To determine the relative importance of biological characteristics and environmental conditions, it is necessary to know whether groups of taxa with similar distributions share the same history of diversification. This study employed mitochondrial DNA sequence data to examine patterns of genetic connectivity in three sympatric species of giant clams (Tridacna species) in an effort to investigate the underlying cause of differentiation and speciation within this group and to guide conservation efforts across the Coral Triangle. An approximately 485 base pair fragment of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) was collected from a total of 700 Tridacna crocea, 350 T. maxima, and 350 T. squamosa individuals at 35 sites across Indonesia. Intraspecific genetic structure revealed three divergent clades within each species. Clades were geographically distributed in three primary regions across Indonesia from west to east: Sumatra, central Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. However, the exact boundary between each region varied by species. Times of separation between clades was broadly concordant for all three species, indicating a common timing of divergence during Plio-Pleistocene sea level fluctuations. Estimates of migration rates between populations varied by species. The identification of deeply divergent lineages that are likely cryptic species, combined with evidence for limited gene flow across portions of the Coral Triangle, has important consequences for conservation planning and restocking efforts for these endangered marine species. 14.452 Population Analysis of the Hermatypic Coral Galaxea fascicularis in Southwestern Japan Toshiki WATANABE* 1 , Yuta SUZUKI 1 , Hirohiko TAKESHIMA 1 , Mutsumi NISHIDA 1 , Mineo OKAMOTO 2 , Mariko ABE 3 , Michio HIDAKA 3 1 Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2 Faculty of Marine Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, 3 Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan A significant part of the coral reefs in the Ryukyu Archipelago (southwestern Japan) consists of fringing reefs formed around islands and patch reefs near islands. Corals in reefs around inhabited islands are subject to anthropogenic impacts. In this study, the genetic diversity in populations of the coral Galaxea fascicularis (a broadcast spawner) was evaluated at three locations around highly populated Okinawa Island, and comparison was made to populations around remote islands. Connectivity between the local populations was also studied. Prior to the population analysis, the question was addressed whether G. fascicularis is a single biological species. Based on the genotypes in a mitochondrial intergeic region, this species was distinguished to two types (mt-L and S). These two types were highly different in the frequencies of morphotypes of a nematocyst type macrobasic p-mastigophore, and alleles at a nuclear microsatellite locus. These observations argue that G. fascicularis in the Ryukyu Archipelago consists of two sympatric cryptic species that rarely inter-breed. For the population analysis, four polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified in a mt-S individual, and the fourlocus genotype was determined in a toal of 256 mt-S colonies (only two of these markers turned out to be useful for the mt-L group). The genetic diversity (indicated by expected heterozygosity and allelic richness) in three local populations around Okinawa I. was lower than four other locations near remote islands. Pairwise FST analysis showed significant genetic differentiation between nearby populations (approx. 10 km apart) around Okinawa I., but not between the populations in remote areas even beyond 350 km. Although G. fascicularis are still found in large numbers around Okinawa I., human impacts such as coastal development and pollution presumably fragmented the habitats into smaller sub-populations, resulting in reduction of genetic diversity. 376
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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Page 383 and 384: 12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Page 401 and 402: 14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
Page 403 and 404: 14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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Page 431 and 432: 18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predictin
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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