11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological Processes on Today's Reef Ecosystems 10.379 Comparison of Sedimentation in Bays and Reefs below Developed vs. Undeveloped Watersheds, St. John, US Virgin Islands Sarah C. GRAY* 1 , Kimbrie L. GOBBI 1 , Patricia V. NARWOLD 1 , Michael D. FOX 1 , Kara A. MILLER 1 1 Marine Science and Environmental Studies, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA Increased terrestrial runoff associated with development is one of the most serious threats to coral reefs. Here we present preliminary data from an ongoing study to evaluate if development on St John, US Virgin Islands has impacted the quantity (flux rate), quality (mineralogy, grain size and organic matter content) and spatial variability of sedimentation. Our approach is to compare sedimentation in reefs and bays below developed watersheds to reefs and bays below undeveloped watersheds and to compare bottom sediment and substrate cover today to data from sediment surveys conducted 20 years ago. For each of seven 10-23 day sediment-trap sampling periods over the rainy season, unsieved sediment flux rates (normalized to watershed area) were at least 1 and up to 51 times higher on the reefs below developed watersheds compared to reefs below undeveloped watersheds. The developed watershed sediment flux rates (3-630 mg cm -2 d - 1 ) were sometimes within range of rates previously shown to cause “severe to catastrophic” sediment stress to corals. The proportionate increase in sediment flux in response to a major rainfall event was much greater at the developed compared to the undeveloped bays and reefs (storm/baseline flux rate = 210 for the developed vs. 3 for the control reef). Carbonate was the most abundant sediment constituent at all sampling sites except those nearest the shore. Mean siliceous mineral (terrestrially derived) flux rates were 15 times higher (5 vs. 0.3 mg cm -2 d -1 ) and mean organic matter flux rates were 10 times higher (3 vs. 0.3 mg cm -2 d -1 ) on the reefs below the developed watershed. Analyses of the textural variability, specific mineralogy, and organic matter source of the sediments are underway. Detailed monitoring of sedimentological processes affecting individual reefs is a critical compliment to ecological monitoring and necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of erosion mitigation strategies. 10.380 Habitat Partitioning By Territorial Pomacentrids Andreza PACHECO* 1 , Ferreira BEATRICE 2 1 Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Tamandare, Brazil, 2 Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade de Pernambuco, Tamandare, Brazil Territorial pomacentrids are very abundant on shallow reefs of the northeastern Brazilian coast. The influence of habitat on the distribution and abundance of juveniles and adults of three territorial species of Pomacentrid (Stesgastes fuscus, S. variabilis and Microspathodon chrysurus) was investigated on four reefs in the Tamandare reef complex. Four categories of reef tops were defined according rugosity and algal cover: low and medium rugosity, both with algae assemblage dominated by Halimeda, Dictyota and Gellidiela; and two high rugosity types dominated by turf algae and by Amphiroa mat, respectively. Fish censuses were conducted using belt-transect method while substrate cover was estimated by point-base method and contour measurements (rugosity). The density of sea urchin Echinometra lucunter was also estimated. S. fuscus was the dominant species in the reef flats with higher rugosity, independent of the prevailing kind of algal cover, with density positively correlated to rugosity. Juveniles of S. fuscus occurred in all types of reef flats, with no significant difference in density. S. variabilis juveniles settled in all reef types, but were less abundant on tops dominated by adults S. fuscus. Adults of S. variabilis occurred only on low and medium rugosity habitats, with higher abundances on medium rugosity flats, being absent on S. fuscus dominated flats, indicating ontogenetic migration or post settlement. There was a negative correlation between densities of adults of Stegastes species, indicating a possible exclusion effect. Abundance of E. lucunter was higher in turf covered habitats. In these areas higher densities of S. fuscus were inversely correlated to higher E. lucunter abundances indicating herbivory competition. Although adults of M. chysurus occurred in flats dominated by Amphiroa mat, they were mostly found at flats dominated by turf algae, coexisting with adults of S. fuscus, while juveniles were restricted to hydrocoral Millepora colonies. 10.381 Competitive Directs Interactions in A Caribbean Reef: Comparing The Competitive Networks in Three Zones Of A Venezuela Reef Jeannette PÉREZ-BENÍTEZ* 1 , Estrella VILLAMIZAR 2 , Humberto CAMISOTTI 3 1 LEMAC - UCV, Caracas, Venezuela, 2 IZT - UCV, Caracas, Venezuela, 3 FCLR, Caracas, Venezuela Most scleractinians corals show a wide range of ecological adaptations, which allows them to colonize virtually all areas of the reef. Variations in species diversity, distribution and abundance on a coral reef are often attributed to processes occurring within the community such as competition and predation (Sammarco, 1982; Connell, 1983) and physical disturbances (Karlson & Hurd, 1993). This study was carried out at the fringing reef off Key Dos Mosquises located south-west of National Park Archipielago Los Roques, Venezuela. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the different zones of coral reefs (flat, crest and slope), based on “in-situ” observations of the evidence of competitive relationship between scleractinian corals. In each zone were evaluated 5 belt transects of 2 x 10, where each found direct competitive interactions were counted. Among the most relevant results were obtained that competitive relations in the first two zones were very similar, considering the classification of corals according to their degree of aggressiveness, proposed by Lang (1973). In the slope zone the competitive network was more complex because the Presence of more species in direct competition, being much larger number of links or ties between competing species. In general, the "aggressive species" on the reef were: M. mirabilis and M. annularis (flat), M. aliciae (crest and slope) and A. lamarcki (slope), followed by the species M. faveolata, M. cavernosa and M. franksi which were characterized by high frequency of harming its neighbors; while the "subordinate species" were S. iIntersepta and S. siderea. The competitive relationships vary with the zone of the reef, mainly due to the distribution of species in the depth and possibly differences in the resource constraint in each area. 10.382 Differential Effect Of Early Post-Settlement Processes On The Abundance Of Two Concurrently Settling Coral Reef Fishes Henri VALLES* 1 , Donald KRAMER 1 , Wayne HUNTE 2 1 Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2 Biology, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados To examine the magnitude, spatial variability and causes of early density-independent (DI) and density-dependent (DD) post-settlement losses in coral reef fishes, we monitored density of Sparisoma (Scaridae) and Stegastes partitus (Pomacentridae) on three reefs in Barbados (West Indies) for 3-3.5 months following a period of high recruitment and fitted the data to a modified Beverton-Holt model. To assess whether surveys missed early DD mortality, we compared recruitment on reefs to that on standard monitoring units (SMURFs) that excluded predators. Recruitment was >11x (Sparisoma) and >3x (S. partitus) greater than the initial number of large juveniles/ adults. Mortality was very high (Sparisoma 97%; S. partitus 91%), indicating that post-settlement processes were more important than settlement in determining local density. Mortality did not vary significantly across sites. After 3-3.5 months, Sparisoma densities were similar to those before recruitment. S. partitus densities increased, but increases did not match among-site differences in recruitment, indicating that post-settlement processes differed spatially. DI effects did not vary significantly between taxa or sites. DD effects were one order of magnitude higher for Sparisoma than for S. partitus, possibly due to lower availability of refuge microhabitat for Sparisoma. DD effects varied significantly across sites for S. partitus, but not Sparisoma, perhaps because of lower precision in density estimates for Sparisoma. Among-site differences in DD effects for S. partitus were associated with differences in recruitment rates and substrate. Predator density was similar across sites. Recruit density on the reefs mirrored captures in SMURFs, indicating that surveys did not miss important DD predation. Our findings suggest that substrate influences rates of DD mortality and therefore local population dynamics, but with markedly different strength for different taxa. 357
Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological Processes on Today's Reef Ecosystems 10.383 Variations in Growth Rates Of Juvenile Reef Fish in Mangrove And Seagrass Habitats in The Us Caribbean Ivan MATEO* 1 , Edward DURBIN 2 , Richard APPELDOORN 3 , Aaron ADAMS 4 1 Fisheries Animal Veterinarian Sciences, University Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 2 Graduate School of Oceanography, University Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 3 Marine Sciences, University Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 4 Mote Marine Lab, Pineland, FL Many marine fish have a life history in which juveniles occur in habitats that are spatially distinct from those in which adults are found the juvenile phase often occurs in more than one habitat type (e.g., mangrove,seagrass,patch reef, rubble,). When juveniles occur in multiple habitats, it is likely that the different areas will vary in their relative quality as juvenile habitat. Relative quality is frequently assessed by comparing density, growth, and survivorship of juveniles in two or more habitat types. Habitats that promote rapid growth are generally assumed to be high quality areas for juvenile fish and crustaceans because rapid growth implies that sufficient food is available. Also, juveniles will be less vulnerable to size-selective mortality and will attain a larger size at the end of the juvenile period, which may improve recruitment success to the adult habitat. In the present study the relative quality of mangrove and seagrass habitats for juvenile reef fish populations in St Croix and Puerto has been evaluated by comparing growth rates in two habitat types: Mangrove and Seagrass using otolith microstructure. The width of daily increments in the otoliths on the region that represent the post-settlement period (30-60 days) of juvenile French grunts and Schoolmaster collected in 2006 were compared among mangrove and seagrass habitats in two Islands: St Croix, Puerto Rico. Daily increments were wider in fish collected from mangrove habitats in both islands. Comparison of the results indicates that mangroves support faster growth rates than seagrass habitats during the post-settlement period for these two species. 10.384 Biodiversity And Ecosystem Functioning in Three Coral Reefs At The Mexican Caribbean. Fabian RODRIGUEZ-ZARAGOZA* 1 , Jesus ARIAS-GONZALEZ 2 1 Departamento de Ecología, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, 2 Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Merida. Yucatan, Mexico Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relationship changes have functional consequences within ecosystems. Our main objective was to evaluate this relationship in three coral reef sites at the Mexican Caribbean: Puerto Morelos, Yuyum, and Mahahual. Each site differs in geomorphological zones. Puerto Morelos has two and Yuyum and Mahahual have four each. Species and functional groups richness, composition, abundance, and ecological diversity were evaluated for both coral reef fish and hermatypic corals. Ecosystem functioning was assessed by a reef bioconstruction indirect analysis and balance mass models built onto Ecopath with Ecosim (5.1) software. We analyzed trophic functioning based on trophic macro-descriptors, flow indexes, and Ecosim simulations. The data was obtained with visual census and videotransects in four geomorphological zones (depths 3, 6, 10, and 18 m) during 1999 and 2000. The results showed that Mahahual and Yuyum had the highest fish and coral biodiversity and functional diversity. The biggest reef bioconstruction, trophic macro-descriptors, and flow indexes were estimated for them. It means more complex food webs with the highest total system biomass, throughput, production, flow cycling, number of pathways, path length, and a better ecosystem stage of maturity. In contrast, Puerto Morelos had the lowest biodiversity, a simpler food web with lower trophic descriptors, and a lesser ecosystem maturity. It suggests biodiversity enhances species complementariety, sampling effect, and functional redundancy, which increase of natural ecosystem resilience and resistance in coral reefs. Resilience and resistance increments were corroborated with Ecosim simulations. In coral reefs, our study shows a direct and positive biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relationship in a multitrophic system. 10.385 The Caribbean Octocoral erythropodium Caribaeorum: Growth Rates in A Reef Of Los Roques National Park Ana YRANZO* 1 , Estrella VILLAMIZAR 2 , Carolina BASTIDAS 3 1 Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela, 2 Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Zoología Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela, 3 Dpto. de Biología de Organismos, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela Gorgonians are one of the components of greatest cover in hard bottom and coral reef communities, and among these Erythropodium caribaeorum (Scleraxonia, Anthotelidae) is a common gorgonian from Caribbean reefs. Its encrusting growth form and large competitive abilities potentially benefit this octocoral to colonize different substrates, including various hard coral species. Montastraea faveolata is an organism frequently colonized by this octocoral at Los Roques coral reefs. This study aims to estimate Erythropodium caribaeorum growth rates in two types of substrates: (1) alive coral, represented by M. faveolata colonies, and (2) dead coral. Two in situ treatments were used: (a) manipulative, which consisted in 10cm2cuts, and (b) non-manipulative. Growth was determined by photographs, comparing the area of the colony between August and December. Mean growth rates in the manipulative treatment were 2.00±0.90cm2/month and 1.09±0.98 cm2 over alive and dead substrates, respectively. These rates were higher than those colonies under the non-manipulative treatment: 0.19±0.53cm2/month for living substrate and 0.39±0,68cm2 for dead substrate. Growth rates obtained from the non-manipulative treatment are similar to those reported for other Caribbean reefs in any type of substrates.Manipulative treatment increased the distance between the hard coral and the octocoral, probably diminishing the antagonism between them and thus, resulting in a larger growth rate for gorgonians under this condition. Competition for space plays an important role in marine organism’s fitness. Key words: coral reefs, gorgonian, growth, competition for space 10.386 Exploitation And Habitat Degradation As Agents Of Change Within Coral Reef Fish Communities Shaun WILSON* 1,2 , Rebecca FISHER 2 , Morgan PRATCHETT 1 , Nicholas GRAHAM 2 , Nicholas DULVY 3 , Nicholas POLUNIN 2 , Rachel TURNER 2 , Akuila CAKACAKA 4 , Steven RUSHTON 2 1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, 2 University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 3 Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, 4 University of South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Overexploitation and habitat degradation are the two major drivers of global environmental change and are responsible for local extinctions and declining ecosystem services. Here we compare the top-down effect of exploitation by fishing to the bottom-up influence of habitat loss on fish communities in the most diverse of ecological systems, coral reefs. Using a combination of multivariate techniques and path analyses we illustrate that the relative importance of coral cover and fishing in controlling fish abundance on remote Fijian reefs varies between species and functional groups. A decline in branching Acropora coral is strongly associated with a decline in abundance of coral-feeding species, and a decrease in coral associated habitat complexity, which has indirectly contributed to reduced abundance of smallbodied damselfish. In contrast, reduced fishing pressure, brought about by declining human populations and a shift to alternate livelihoods, is associated with increased abundance of some piscivores and fisheries target species. However, availability of prey is controlled by coralassociated habitat complexity and appears to be a more important driver of total piscivore abundance compared to fishing pressure. Fishing, by removing predators and competitors for resources, had an indirect positive effect on the abundance of invertebrate feeding fish. Effects of both fishing and coral loss are stronger on individual species than functional groups, as variation in the relative importance of fishing or coral loss between species within the same functional group attenuated the impact of either of these potential drivers at the functional level. Overall, fishing continues to have an influence on Fijian fish communities, however habitat loss is currently the overriding agent of change. The importance of coral loss mediated by climate change is expected to have an increasing contribution to fish community dynamics, particularly in remote locations or where the influence of fishing is waning. 358
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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Page 331 and 332: 7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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Page 383 and 384: 12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Page 389 and 390: 14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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Page 401 and 402: 14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
Page 403 and 404: 14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predictin
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Poster Mini-Symposium 26: Biodivers
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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