11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

9.252
Antifouling Herbicides (Diuron And Irgarol 1051) Contamination On Coral Reefs
And Adjacent Environments Around The Ryukyu Archipelago, Southwestern
Japan
Sheikh ALI* 1 , Taema IMO 1,2 , Tomihiko HIGUCHI 1 , Alrum ARMID 1 , Hiroyuki
FUJIMURA 3 , Tanri FAHMIATI 1 , Yuushi SHINODA 1 , Akamatsu AYA 1 , Toshihiko
MIYAGI 4 , Yasuharu UECHI 5 , Tohru YOKOTA 5 , Shigeki YASUMURA 6 , Tamotsu
OOMORI 3
1 Department of Chemistry, University of the Ryukyus, Japan, Nishihara, Japan,
2 Department of Chemistry, National University of Samoa, Apia, Samoa, 3 Department of
Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus,
Japan, Nishihara, Japan, 4 Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment,
Ozato, Japan, 5 Okinawa Prefectural Enterprise Bureau, Naha, Japan, 6 WWF Japan,
Tokyo, Japan
The coral reefs around the Ryukyu Archipelago faced various threats in recent decades
mainly caused by global environmental changes, anthropogenic activities such as marine
pollution and biological survival competition. Diuron and Irgarol 1051 are recent
herbicidal compounds, inhibitor of photosynthesis, used in antifouling paints. Diuron has
been approved as an alternative compound for TBT as well as in agricultural activities in
Japan. Large amounts of Diuron are used in the Okinawa Prefecture compared to other
Prefectures in Japan. Due to toxic nature of Diuron, several European countries have
restricted the use of Diuron in antifouling paints. We measured the concentration of
Diuron in water and sediment samples collected around the Ryukyu Islands. The Diuron
concentration ranged from not detected to 20ng/L in water and also from not detected to
10μg/kg in sediments. Irgarol 1051 residues are in the process of analysis. Spatial
distribution and temporal variations were also observed. However, little is known on the
occurrence and the impacts of Diuron and Irgarol 1051 in the coral reef ecosystem.
Environmental behaviour and eco-toxicological impacts of Diuron and Irgarol 1051 on
the carbon metabolism of corals will also be discussed in this paper.
9.254
The Effects Of Dispersant (Corexit 9500), Physically And Chemically Dispersed Oil
On The Symbiotic Soft Coral Xenia Elongata
Carys MITCHELMORE* 1 , Michael TEASDALE 2 , Denise YOST 2 , Eileen BEARD 2 ,
Joel BAKER 2 , Walter HATCH 3
1 Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental
Science, Solomons, MD, 2 University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science,
Solomons, MD, 3 St Mary's College of Maryland, St Mary's City, MD
Following an oil spill near a coral reef various response options may be considered. One
option to prevent oil spills from impacting shorelines and mangrove systems is to use
chemical dispersants. The tropical soft coral Xenia elongata were exposed for 8 hours to
either physically-dispersed (dissolved PAHs) or chemically-dispersed
(dissolved/colloidal/particulate PAHs and dispersant) oil fractions using weathered
Arabian light crude and the dispersant Corexit 9500. The concentrations of oil used were
driven by the dispersant-only toxicity limits (8 hour LC50