11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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8.230 Metabolic Profiling Of Microbial Communities Within The Surface Mucopolysaccharide Layer Of Corals Kathy KILGORE* 1,2 , Scott GRAVES 1 , Roy YANONG 1 , Craig WATSON 1 , Ilze BERZINS 3 1 University of Florida, Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, Ruskin, FL, 2 The Florida Aquarium, Tampa, 3 The Florida Aquarium, Tampa, FL As part of a larger project involving coral reef restoration in the Florida Keys using colonies derived from aquacultured fragments, we attempted to characterize the metabolic diversity of the surface microbiota of seven species of Atlantic Scleractinia using Biolog ® EcoPlates. One of the overall goals of the project was to determine if survival and growth of reintroduced fragments was affected by various culture techniques (open ocean “control” site, land-based flow-through system, and greenhouse recirculating system). Further, preliminary data involving the identification of individual bacterial strains suggested that a shift in the coral surface microbial community occurs during times of disease. Therefore, we addressed two separate questions with the metabolic profiling methodology: 1) Do surface microbial communities shift during times of disease; and 2) will these populations also shift depending upon their culture conditions? Samples of the surface mucopolysaccharide layer (SML) from two fragments of each species from the two land-based facilities were obtained after a six-month period in culture (December 2006). These samples were obtained by direct suction with a syringe and used to inoculate the EcoPlates. Turbidity and tetrazolium peak data were collected for each sample every 12-24 hours for a 192-hour period. At that same time, those fragments that passed a health certification process were then transplanted to the field site with the “control” fragments. Subsequent SML samples from all three groups were obtained in May, August, and December 2007. Microbial community analyses at the 72-hour time point using a Jaccard Index revealed similarities in the metabolic profiles of the coral SML at the two land-based culture sites as well as in comparing those to samples from the open ocean site. In contrast, comparison of healthy to diseased samples revealed differences in the metabolic profiles obtained. 8.231 Characterizing Uncultured Coral-Associated Bacteria in Genotypically Distinct Colonies of Acropora palmata Using Universal 16S rDNA Primers Pascal MEGE* 1 , W. Owen MCMILLAN 2 , María Gloria DOMÍNGUEZ-BELLO 1 , Edwin HERNANDEZ DELGADO 1 , Tomas HRBEK 1 1 Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico - Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 2 Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, San Juan, NC Over the last three decades, Caribbean Elkhorn coral Acropora palmata and Staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis have suffered a considerable loss in numbers, resulting in their recent listing under the US Endangered Species Act. This reduction has been mainly attributed to White Band disease outbreaks. Because coral disease etiology is poorly understood, previous efforts have focused on better understanding the coral associatedbacteria that may act as a barrier to pathogens. The aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial communities associated with five healthy and genetically distinct colonies from the same reef near Mona Island, Puerto Rico. Genotype identities were confirmed using six microsatellite markers. Utilizing universal bacterial 16S rDNA primers in PCR, 669 sequences were isolated from the five colonies (ranging from 94 to 158 sequences per sample). Sequence comparisons to the closest known bacteria using BLAST analysis confirm the species-specificity of the bacterial community structure as was previously reported for A. palmata and many other corals. 54% of our sequences matched the uncultured bacterium AY323179 with 98% similarity or more, a sequence originally isolated from Elkhorn coral (unpublished). Two additional observations were particularly remarkable: (1) the main taxa found in this study coincide with previous observations made for A. palmata (e.g. the majority of the sequences are Proteobacteria), but the ribotypes identified were mostly unknown; (2) Although species-specificity of the bacterial community structure was evident, there still was intra-specific variation between colonies, possibly as a result of their own genotypic variation. Future work will explore the extent of within-species variation, and focus on its implication for coral defense mechanisms and possible contributions to conservation. Poster Mini-Symposium 8: Coral Microbial Interactions 8.232 Metamorphosis Decision Of acropora Larvae in Response To Mixtures Of Exclusive Cues From Environments Masayuki HATTA* 1 , Ayaka HORIKOSHI 1 , Chie SASAKI 1 , Yoshimi FURUTA 1 1 Marine and Coastal Biology Center, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan Planula larvae of acroporids require positive cues from environments for the initiation of metamorphosis and settlement, and some calcareous algae and bacteria have been identified as metamorphosis inducers on the substrata indeed. We also isolated 3 novel bacteria strains that induce metamorphosis of acroporids, and they were identified as 2 independent species in the genus Alteromonas. Planulae may sense particular products by those bacteria and convert the external cues to internal signals that trigger metamorphosis and settlement. A neuropeptide GLWamide induces metamorphosis of acroporids as we have reported, so it is a candidate for internal cues as the “Go” sign. On the other hand, there would be also bacteria inhibiting settlement of planulae on substrata where various bacteria grow in nature. We screened bacteria that inhibit metamorphosis induction by GLWamide, and isolated two strains. One strain transiently inhibited the metamorphosis induction by simultaneous application with GLWa. The active material(s) appeared to be heat labile and larger than 5kDa. The other strain revealed a persistent inhibitory activity though it required 6hrs-pretreatments prior to the GLWa administration. Curious but a heat treatment enhanced the activity and split the active material(s) to two fractions of over and below 5kDa. The both strains turned out to belong to the genus Pseudoalteromonas. Another neuropeptide, RFamide, can transiently inhibit GLWamide-induced metamorphosis, and it is one of candidates for the corresponding internal signal molecules as the “Stop” sign. There would be a number of different positive and negative metamorphic cues in each small area of the substrata for larvae of acroporids in natural environments. There should be ecological strategies for larvae to make decisions on metamorphosis in response to the complicated situations that exclusive positive and negative cues are simultaneously displayed. 8.233 The Impact Of Ph On Coral Bacterial Community Maoz FINE 1 , Ehud BANIN 2 , Dalit MERON* 2 1 faculty of life sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat GAN, Israel, 2 faculty of life sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel Rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide is acidifying the world’s oceans. Surface seawater pH is already 0.1 units lower than pre-industrial values and is predicted to decrease by up to 0.4 units by the end of the century. This drastic change in pH may result in dramatic changes in the physiology of corals and other ocean organisms, in particular organisms that build their skeletons/shells from calcium carbonate. In a recent paper (Fine and Tchernov, Science 2007) our group reported that a decrease in pH (8.2 to 7.4) led to physiology alterations in the coral Oculina patagonica and Madracis pharensis, leading to complete dissolution of their skeleton. Interestingly the corals returned to calcify when returned, after a year, to ambient pH. This physiological change may lead to shifts in the holobiont members. (zooxanthellae, bacteria etc.). One such shift may involve coral associated microbial communities which in turn may affect the coral health. In the present study we examined interactions between the coral Acropora eurystoma and its microbial community following exposure to different pH treatments (7.3, 7.6 , 8.2) for 10 weeks. The changes in bacterial community in the coral mucus, tissue and skeleton were analyzed by DGGE, 16s rRNA clone library followed by sequencing, molecular and classical microbiology methodologies. Our preliminary results show changes in bacterial community between the treatments. These changes in bacterial communities and their impact on the coral will be presented. 321
8.234 Functional Diversity of Microbial Communities Associated with the Mucus of Scleractinians around Moorea (French Polynesia) Ophélie LADRIÈRE* 1 , Laetitia THEUNIS 1 , Annick WILMOTTE 2 , Mathieu POULICEK 1 1 Unit of Marine Ecology, Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium, 2 Unit of Cyanobacteria, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Benin Mucus production by scleractinians appears as an antifouling mechanism which prevents settlement of other organisms and accumulation of sediments on their surface. This Surface Muccopolysaccharide Layer (SML) harbours dense populations of bacteria which play a paramount role in scleractinians nutrition, metabolism and good health maintenance. However, environmental disturbances can alter these microbiocenoses. Characterization of bacterial communities was carried out using a set of simple techniques that enable us to describe the state and functions of whole microbial communities associated with different hard coral species. Multi-comparisons have been performed on bacterial communities from open water, interstitial water, sedimentary interface and macro algae as well as between healthy and bleached colonies, and patches associated or not with Pomacentridae fishes. The functional study included measurements of bacterial biomass, respiration, oxydative and hydrolytic metabolisms. Non-Fungiidae corals and sedimentary interface have a quite similar bacterial biomass but open water, interstitial water and macro-algae are characterized by higher bacterial biomass. Bacterial respiration potential is similar on corals and at the sedimentary interface, but it is higher in interstitial water and lower in open water and for bacterial community associated with macro-algae. Hydrolytic activities are highest in SML. Bleached corals and patches associated with Pomacentridae fishes show more abundant bacteria, with higher respiration rate and higher hydrolytic activity than corals without fishes and healthy ones. In addition, bacteria of bleached corals display a higher division percentage, a higher growth rate and a lower turn-over time We confirmed that bleaching events or the presence of sedentary fishes modify the bacterial communities structure and affect relationships between coral, endosymbiotic algae, SML-associated microbial community and associated organisms. Such results highlight that SML-bacterial communities are modified by bleaching and raise the question of a potential protection of fishes against pathogens. 8.235 Prokaryotic Diversity Associated With Brazilian Corals Monica LINS-DE-BARROS* 1 , Ricardo P. VIEIRA 2 , Ricardo COUTINHO 1 , Maysa B.M. CLEMENTINO 3 , Alexander M. CARDOSO 2 , Aline TURQUE 2 , Cynthia B. SILVEIRA 2 , Vívian A. MONTEIRO 2 , Orlando B. MARTINS 2 1 Instituto de Pesquisas do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo, Brazil, 2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3 Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Reef-building corals associate with a diverse array of microorganisms. Best known are dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium ("zooxanthellae"), but studies indicate that individual coral colonies also host diverse assemblages of Bacteria and Archaea, some of which seem to have species-specific associations. The diversity of microbial associates has important evolutionary and ecological implications. Recent studies report the influence of these microorganisms as agents of coral diseases, such as coral bleaching. The present study aims to determine the diversity of the prokaryotic community structure associated with two Brazilian coral species, Siderastrea stellata and Mussismilia hispida. These species are characterized by different physiological responses to bleaching, the former being considered more resistant. Samples of colonies of both species were colleted from Tartaruga beach, in Búzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22o45`S; 41o54`W). Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the COI gene were determined for the two species and submitted to GenBank. The diversity of Bacteria and Archaea communities was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA surveys. Preliminary results indicated similar Archaea communities between the two coral species, including representatives from the marine Crenarchaeota, which are also reported as associates on tissue and mucus of other corals species. Further surveys, already in progress, aim to determine the bacterial community associated with these two coral species, which appear to form more species-specific associations with reef-building corals. Microorganism of bleach and unbleached corals are being also analyzed to detect agents potentially responsible to coral bleaching. This study represents the first report on Archaea diversity associated with Brazilian coral species. Poster Mini-Symposium 8: Coral Microbial Interactions 8.236 Coral Associated Microbial Community Diversity: Differences Between Impacted And Non-Impacted Reefs in Se Sulawesi, Indonesia. Corinne WHITBY 1 , Boyd MCKEW 1 , Leanne HEPBURN* 1 1 Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom Microorganisms are of fundamental importance in reef systems through their role in carbon/nitrogen cycling, possible roles in nutrition and possible causal agents of coral disease. However, there is a paucity of information on the temporal and spatial changes in relation to habitat quality for the microbial populations associated with Indo-Pacific reefs. Coral mucus samples were collected from Acropora spp. and Porites spp. from both a non-impacted and an impacted reef, which was light-limited with a high sediment loading. Differences in bacterial community structure were characterised by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. Both coral species harboured diverse microbial communities, which were distinct from the surrounding seawater. Whilst greater similarities were observed between bacterial communities associated with coral colonies of the same species, DGGE profiles of communities from the two different sites were clearly distinct. These results suggest that whilst each coral species harbours a distinct bacterial community, environmental conditions also play a role in determining the bacterial community structure. This study contributes to the understanding of microbial communities associated with corals and the factors that may cause changes in microbial diversity, which may ultimately have implications on coral health. 8.237 Coral-Bacterial Associations Vary Under Environmental And Experimental Conditions Tracy AINSWORTH* 1 , Ove HOEGH-GULDBERG 2 1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, 2 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia The coral holobiont model proposes coral bacterial communities, in addition to symbiotic dinoflagellates, are an integral component of reef building corals. Documenting the natural diversity of bacterial communities within and closely associated to coral tissues provides information on the role and interaction of bacteria within the coral holobiont. Here investigate bacterial associations with coral tissues in both normal environmental and experimental conditions. This study aims to determine how these important interactions can vary as a result of experimental handling (collection, fragmentation and maintenance in aquaria) and under thermal stress conditions. A gamma-proteobacteria bacterial symbiosis is evident within the gastrodermis of various tropical coral species in the form of an aggregation of rod-shaped bacteria. In situ bacterial community dynamics are also found to vary due to handling stress and maintenance in experimental conditions. Both thermally stressed and experimentally maintained corals showed a shift of in situ bacterial communities, however complete bacterial colonisation of the tissues only occurred during thermal bleaching and breakdown of the coral-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis. This study demonstrates that natural bacterial community dynamics are rapidly altered during experimental conditions. This is an important consideration for the use of experimental studies that investigate the role of coral-bacterial associations on coral reefs. 322
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Page 293 and 294: Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
Page 301 and 302: Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
Page 319 and 320: Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
Page 321 and 322: 7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
Page 323 and 324: 7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
Page 325 and 326: 7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
Page 327 and 328: 7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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Page 331 and 332: 7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
Page 333 and 334: 8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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Page 343 and 344: 9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Page 377 and 378: Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
Page 383 and 384: 12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predictin
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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