11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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7.191 A survey of Vibrios associated with healthy and Yellow Band Diseased Montastraea faveolata Ross CUNNING* 1 , Joel THURMOND 1 , Garriet SMITH 2 , Ernesto WEIL 3 , Kim RITCHIE 1 1 Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, 2 University of South Carolina at Aiken, Sarasota, FL, 3 University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Bacteria of the genus Vibrio have been implicated in coral bleaching as well as coral diseases, including Caribbean Yellow Band Disease (YBD). Four Vibrio species have been previously identified as causative agents of YBD through a series of infection and reisolation experiments. The mechanisms of pathogenesis and the dynamics of the Vibrio community, as a whole, during YBD infection are poorly understood. In order to establish a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of Vibrios in coral health and disease, a survey of Vibrio species associated with healthy corals and YBD-infected corals was conducted using both a culture-based approach and Vibrio-specific DGGE analysis. Fragments were collected from YBD lesions of five colonies of Montastraea faveolata, five healthy regions of the same diseased colonies, and from five entirely healthy colonies. In the culture-based approach, YBD samples were serially diluted and plated onto TCBS agar to differentially select for Vibrio species. Colonies were subcultured using GASWA media and 364 isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Sequences were aligned using CLUSTAL X and dendograms using neighbor-joining method were constructed for each sample. Phylogenetic analysis of Vibrio spp. community composition among healthy and diseased coral states illustrated a shift from V. fortis dominating in healthy corals to V. harveyi/alginolyticus dominating in diseased corals. There was a similar shift to Photobacterium rosenbergii as corals progressed to diseased states. Bacteria similar to 3 of 4 Vibrios implicated in YBD were isolated for future studies. 7.192 Apoptosis in White Band Disease Of acropora Palmata And a. Cervicornis Eric BORNEMAN* 1 , Amy SATER 1 1 Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX There are a number of coral diseases with gross signs manifested by a loss of coral tissue leaving an area of white skeleton where denuded coral tissue has been lost, collectively known as white syndromes, and where the etiologies remain uncertain. White band disease (WBD), putatively believed to only affect Caribbean acroporids, was the first white syndrome of corals that profoundly impacted coral reefs throughout the Caribbean. Until the early 1980s, Caribbean reefs were dominated notably by the two major hermatypic species of Acropora. Outbreaks of WBD have been the principal cause of mortality in these species throughout the Caribbean region in the past two decades and have resulted in local extirpations and the loss of approximately 95% of the populations. In 2006, the Caribbean acroporids were the first corals to receive protection under the U.S. Endangered Species act. Despite thirty years of research and the continued presence of WBD on existing remnant stands and isolated colonies, only tentative causal links have been proposed and no pathogen has been conclusively identified. Using samples spanning thirteen years and by sampling varying populations throughout the Caribbean, WBD colonies have an indicative molecular signature of apoptosis as the mode of coral tissue death. Colonies may or may not have abnormal biotic components associated with them and these can vary in space and time. The signature of apoptosis in WBD of Caribbean acroporids is in agreement with gross signs and diagnoses of similar disease reported in Pacific acroporids, as well as in other species. Truly healthy corals have a very low baseline level of apoptotic cells and gross signs from field observations do not necessarily allow for accurate assessments of coral health. Caribbean WBD appears to be a suite of diseases with many potential causes manifested by similar gross signs of disease. Poster Mini-Symposium 7: Diseases on Coral Reefs 7.193 Inoculation Of Vibrio Spp. Onto Montastraea Faveolata Fragments To Determine Potential Pathogenicity Ernesto WEIL* 1 , Kim RITCHIE 2 , Garriet SMITH 3 1 University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, 2 Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, 3 University of South Carolina at Aiken, Aiken, SC Vibrio strains previously isolated from yellow band diseased Montastraea faveolata in Puerto Rico were combined into phylogenetically similar groups (P1, similar to V. campbelli; P2, similar to V. splendidus and P3, similar to Photobacterium rosenbergii). Bacterial groups were inoculated onto healthy Montastraea faveolata colony fragments that were aerated in individual plastic containers exposed to two temperature regimes (28ºC and 31ºC). Ten fragments of the same clone were divided into two groups and five fragments from each group were maintained at either 28ºC or 31ºC. Three fragments were inoculated with bacterial groups P1, P2, or P3, and two were used as delivery medium or water/container controls. Corals were monitored for ten days. After Day 1, two fragments inoculated with P1 and maintained at 31ºC showed signs of yellowing tissue similar to initial stages of yellow band disease. Three fragments inoculated with P2 and held at 28ºC showed similar signs of paling to yellowing tissue. Two additional fragments showed signs at Day 2 (P1 and P2 at 28ºC). At Day 5, two more P1 inoculated fragments showed disease signs (one at 31ºC and one at 28ºC). These preliminary results indicate that more than one type of Vibrio sp. may be able to initiate signs of disease and/or bleaching. 7.194 Incidence and Etiology of Diseases Affecting Massive Porites in Negros Oriental, Philippines Satoshi YAMAZAKI 1 , JB TANANGONAN* 1 1 Dept.of Environmental Management, Kinki University (Japan), Nara, Japan Field observations of diseases affecting massive Porites in coral reefs near the southern coast of Negros Oriental, Philippines were conducted in February 2006 and in September 2007. Corals found to have disease symptoms were marked with floats to identify for latter observation. A total of 103 Porites colonies were observed and 82% were found to have Porites ulcerative white spot (PUWS), 15% have tumors, 2% have white syndrome, and 1% showed “pigmentation response” (“pink line disease”). More than 50% of the colonies were found to have PUWS in an early stage that were not serious enough to cause mortality of the coral colony. Corals found to have tumors affected less than 40% of the total surface area of the colony. The polyps in the tumor appear to show a relatively disorderly pattern as compared to unaffected portion of the colony. Observation by stereoscopic microscope showed that the corallites in the tumor are undeveloped. PUWS were found to have differing degrees of progression. Some colonies completely recovered after 35 days, while no change was observed in others. In some colonies, PUWS were observed to have spread rapidly but recovery was also fast. There appears to be a repeated pattern of infection and recovery. 311
7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ventalina Mount A Cellular Response To Elicitors? Courtney COUCH* 1 , C. Drew HARVELL 1 , Esther PETERS 2 , Laura MYDLARZ 3 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 2 Tetra Tech, Inc., Fairfax, VA, 3 Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX In fighting infectious microorganisms, corals rely on innate immune defenses. One of these primary defenses is the wandering phagocytic cells called granular amoebocytes. The Caribbean sea fan coral, Gorgonia ventalina, is a tractable system to study this cellular response because granular amoebocytes aggregate during exposure to the fungal pathogen Aspergillus sydowii and thermal stress, and can be quantified. In the lab, live A. sydowii was a successful elicitor of amoebocyte aggregation and revealed a time course peaking at 48 hours. After 48 hours, the response also showed a relaxation period between 72 to 168 hours. However, the induction of a coral cellular response in a field setting is still unclear. Therefore, a number of alternatives to live A. sydowii were tested to effectively stimulate an amoebocyte response in the field. In addition, field experiments are planned to examine the magnitude and time course of this cellular response in nature. Finally, one important unanswered question is: What is the coral’s cellular threshold to disease? Therefore, field experiments are planned to measure amoebocyte levels in sea fans exposed to multiple inductions overtime. Consequently, this research could provide valuable information towards the study of host-pathogen interactions and disease progression. 7.196 Coral Molecular Responses to Disease David ANDERSON* 1 , Sandra GILCHRIST 1 , Megan PEDERSEN 1 1 Natural Sciences, New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL Reports of coral disease incidences have rapidly increased over the past three decades. Studies on coral disease published to date have largely focused on ecological surveys and the identification of causative agents. However, the mechanisms controlling coral “immune-like” responses and resistance to disease are not well understood. In this study we hypothesized that there are specific molecular responses to disease manifested by corals during periods of infection and exposure. During July of 2007 in Cayos Cochinos, Honduras, surface layer mucus samples were collected from diseased and healthy corals of the species Diploria strigosa and Siderastrea siderea, putatively affected by White Plague Disease, Dark Spot Syndrome, and Black Band Disease. From condensed mucus samples preserved in RNAlater (Ambion) we isolated coral RNA to analyze gene expression profiles by Differential Display Reverse Transcriptase PCR. PCR products were analyzed by 2 % agarose gel electrophoresis, and DNA bands that were differentially associated with diseased and healthy states were isolated, cloned, and sequenced. Sequences statistically similar to known coral and cnidarian genes were used to design Real-Time PCR probes to compare differential gene expression quantitatively. The putative molecular “immune-like” responses identified in this study will contribute to better understanding mechanisms associated with coral resistance and susceptibility to disease. Poster Mini-Symposium 7: Diseases on Coral Reefs 7.197 Release Of Antifungal Activities From Immune Challenged Sea Fans Nancy DOUGLAS* 1 , Steve LOWES 2 , C. Drew HARVELL 1 1 Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 2 Advion BioSciences, Ithaca, NY Sea fans offer an excellent system for studying innate immunity in corals because of their abundance, distribution, and ease of experimental manipulation. In addition, sea fans have a relatively well characterized susceptibility to harmful fungal infections that has been the basis for several disease ecology studies. The objectives of this study were to establish if sea fans respond to immune challenge by releasing potential protective compounds into the surrounding seawater and to begin to characterize the released activity. Antifungal, antibacterial and chitinolytic activity were assayed in the water surrounding sea fan pieces before and after immune stimulation. Sea fans were found to transiently release significant antimicrobial and chitinolytic activity between 1 and 48 hours after induction. Induced samples are being subjected to chromatographic separation followed by SDS-PAGE analysis and Mass Spectrometry (MS) to isolate and characterize active fractions. Preliminary analysis suggests that sea fans appear to release a mixture of various molecular weight protective compounds as an initial response to acute immune challenge. Further fractionation and analysis of these activities will identify individual compounds and their mode of action. 7.198 The Role Of Nitric Oxide in The Immune Defenses Of The Sea Fan gorgonia Ventalina Joyce STUCKEY* 1 , Nancy DOUGLAS 2 , Courtney SALTONSTALL 2 , Catherine HARVELL 3,4 1 Zoology, Cornell University, Freeville, NY, 2 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 3 Zoology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 4 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca Coral disease outbreaks have increased and are linked with climate warming. One mechanism for increased disease in a stressed coral is through immune compromise. A centerpiece of innate invertebrate immunity in non-cnidarians is nitric oxide (NO), leading us to investigate its role in corals. In this study, the production of NO by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), a well studied component of vertebrate innate immunity, was measured to determine its role in the immune defenses of the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina. The NO production was measured using two methods: (1) the Griess reagent which causes a colorimetric change in the presence of NO that is quantified by a spectrophotometer and (2) confocal microscopy which allows for measurement of the fluorescence produced from the binding of a dye to NO. Both the constitutive NO production as well as production induced by several elicitors was measured. In the sea fans, NO production had great variability among individuals for both constitutive and induced levels. Identifying a more robust elicitor for NO production will help in future experiments to more clearly elucidate the role of NO in the immune response of sea fans. 312
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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Page 285 and 286: Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
Page 287 and 288: Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
Page 293 and 294: Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
Page 301 and 302: Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
Page 319 and 320: Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
Page 321 and 322: 7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
Page 323 and 324: 7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
Page 325 and 326: 7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
Page 327: 7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
Page 331 and 332: 7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
Page 333 and 334: 8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
Page 335 and 336: 8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
Page 337 and 338: 8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
Page 339 and 340: 8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
Page 341 and 342: 8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
Page 343 and 344: 9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
Page 345 and 346: Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecologica
Page 377 and 378: Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predictin
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Poster Mini-Symposium 26: Biodivers
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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