11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional Biology of Corals and Coral Symbiosis: Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Physiology 5.87 Growth Rate, Survivorship and Stress Tolerance of Primary Polyps of Acropora digitifera Infected with Zooxanthellae of Different Genotypes Ryota SUWA* 1 , Michio HIDAKA 2 1 Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Japan, 2 Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Japan The objective of this study was to examine the effects of zooxanthella genotypes on the growth rate and stress susceptibility of the coral Acropora digitifera during the early stages of development. Aposymbiotic primary polyps of A. digitifera were infected with zooxanthellae isolated from various hosts and their growth rate and survivorship were observed under different conditions. The rate of infection varied depending on zooxanthella genotypes. Clade A zooxanthellae isolated from the giant clam Tridacna crocea were most rapidly incorporated by the polyps and the algal density increased even under high temperature conditions, while homologous zooxanthellae (clade C) were incorporated only very slowly. The growth rate of the polyps was different among polyps harboring zooxanthellae of different types. The highest growth rate was observed in polyps harboring clade A zooxanthellae from T. crocea. The stress tolerance of primary polyps harboring the clade A zooxanthellae was higher than polyps harboring clade C zooxanthellae from the sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella or than uninfected polyps. Thus the clade A zooxanthellae from T. crocea appear most beneficial for primary polyps of A. digitifera and association with this zooxanthellae is expected to be predominant in the reefs. However, corals harboring clade A zooxanthellae are rare in the study site, where T. crocea is abundant. This is probably because suitable symbiont type is different between juvenile and adult colonies, and/or juvenile corals are more flexible with symbiont types than adult colonies. Another possibility is that clade A zooxanthellae were not selected by the coral because symbionts with a much faster growth rate than host may present a risk of parasitism for the host coral. 5.88 Ultraviolet-Induced Dna Damage And Its Subsequent Repair in Field-Collected aiptasia Pallida as Monitored By Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis Claire HUDSON* 1 , Drew FERRIER 1 1 Department of Biology, Hood College, Frederick, MD Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a commonly occurring genotoxic stress in tropical marine environments. Shallow-water organisms have a variety of defenses against UVR. However, DNA damage from UVR still occurs. The exposure to UVR creates unique forms of damage, primarily as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts. These types of damage can subsequently be restored by nucleotide excision repair (NER) or via light-mediated reactions. Single-cell gel electrophoresis (the comet assay) can be used to quantitate DNA strand breaks created during NER. We optimized the comet assay to monitor DNA damage in host cells of the zooxanthellate sea anemone Aiptasia pallida. Following optimization, we documented the extent of DNA damage and the subsequent repair response in freshly collected A. pallida under simulated field conditions at the Bermuda Institute for Ocean Sciences. We also determined the types and amounts of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) that confer protection from UVRinduced DNA damage. We found that host tissue of field anemones contain a variety of MAAs, tentatively identified as mycosporine-2-glycine, mycosporine glycine, shinorine and porphyra-334. Repair of DNA damage incurred from a daily dose of UVR occurred within eight hours after sunset, with NER taking place during the first 2 hr of recovery in the dark. These findings suggest that under natural conditions, DNA damage incurred from UVR does not accumulate from one day to the next in A. pallida. 5.89 Effect Of Caffeine On Coral Symbionts Kelly POLLACK* 1 , Kimberly BALAZS 2 , Oladele OGUNSEITAN 3 1 School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 3 School of Social Ecology & Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA Caffeine is a ubiquitous tracer of urban wastewater but its ecological effects have not been adequately studied. Here we report the effect of caffeine on the growth and protein synthesis in four species of coral algae endosymbionts. We hypothesized that caffeine exposure is associated with coral bleaching. After 40 days of incubation with various concentrations of caffeine (0 to 100 mg/L) we estimated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of caffeine are 30 mg/L for Clade C Symbiodinium goreaui (C), 30 mg/L for Clade B Symbiodinium sp. from Pseudoterogorgia bipinnata (B7), 50 mg/L for Clade A Symbiodinium microadriaticum (A), and 75 mg/L for Clade B Symbiodinium sp. from Aiptasia pallida (B6). To explore the effect of caffeine on proteins we used 2-D gel electrophoresis and peptide mass spectrometry to identify sensitive proteins. The results show 12 polypeptide spots upregulated and 37 polypeptide spots downregulated in C, 19 upregulated and 6 downregulated in B7, 14 upregulated and 13 downregulated in A, and 22 upregulated and 7 downregulated in B6. The heat shock protein HSP70 is among the commonly affected proteins indicating that stress from caffeine exposure in natural waters may exacerbate the effects of stress from other environmental factors. 5.90 Dna Repair in aptasia Pallida Following Laboratory Exposures To Ultraviolet Radiation Drew FERRIER* 1 , Claire HUDSON 1 1 Department of Biology, Hood College, Frederick, MD Cnidarians that inhabit shallow marine environments in tropical latitudes receive substantial exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). It is well known that UVR damages the DNA of exposed organisms by creating cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts. Damage may be subsequently repaired through nucleotide excision repair (NER) or directly by lightmediated reactions using photolyase. Neither of these mechanisms has been well-studied in cnidarians. We employed the comet assay to document DNA damage from UVR and subsequent DNA repair under laboratory conditions in the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida. We used aposymbiotic animals in initial studies. Anemones cultured in the laboratory contain very low levels of UVR-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids and thus serve as ideal models for investigating damage due to UVR. At levels of exposure < 62 kJ m -2 , DNA damage in animal nuclei increased with increasing exposure to UVR. However, at higher levels of exposure, DNA damage reached an asymptote. To assess the time-course of repair we subjected anemones to ~ 30 kJ m -2 of UVR and then kept them in the dark. These animals exhibited a delay of approximately 4 hours in the initiation of NER. However, this repair mechanism, once initiated, reduced DNA damage to near pre-exposure levels within 8 hours. Simultaneous exposure of anemones to both UVR and visible light greatly reduced the amount of DNA damage. This suggests that light-mediated DNA repair also plays an important role in anemones and is likely the first line of defense against cumulative DNA damage by UVR in these animals. 297
Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional Biology of Corals and Coral Symbiosis: Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Physiology 5.91 Potential Implication Of Host/symbiont Recognition Mechanisms in Coral Bleaching Jérémie VIDAL-DUPIOL* 1 , Guillaume MITTA 2 , Emmanuel ROGER 2 , Denis ALLEMAND 3 , Christine FERRIER-PAGÈS 3 , Paola FURLA 4 , Renaud GROVER 3 , Pierre-Laurent MERLE 4 , Eric TAMBUTTÉ 3 , Sylvie TAMBUTTÉ 3 , Didier ZOCCOLA 3 , Ophélie LADRIÈRE 5 , Mathieu POULICEK 5 , Laurent FOURÉ 6 , Mehdi ADJEROUD 2 1 Biologie Ecologie Tropicale et Mediterranéenne, UMR 5244 CNRS-UPVD-EPHE, Perpignan, France, 2 Biologie Ecologie Tropicale et Mediterranéenne, UMR 5244 CNRS- UPVD-EPHE, Perpignan Cedex, France, 3 Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco-Ville, Monaco, 4 UMR-112 UNSA-INRA ROSE, Nice Cedex 02, France, 5 Laboratoire d'écologie animale et écotoxicologie, Unité d'écologie marine, Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium, 6 Aquarium du Cap d’Agde, Cap d'Agde, France Bleaching in corals can be attributed to loss of endosymbiotic zooxanthellae and/or loss of photosynthetic pigments within zooxanthellae. This major disturbance of the reef ecosystem is principally induced by increases in water temperature. Since the beginning of the 80’s and the onset of global climate change, this phenomenon has been occurring at increasing rates and scales, and with increasing severity. In this study, we focused on finding early regulated genes involved in bleaching. In aquaria, one set of Pocillopora damicornis nubbins was subjected to a gradual seawater temperature increase from 28°C to 32°C over 15 days, and a second control set remained at constant temperature (28°C). Bleaching was monitored by measuring zooxanthellae density. The mRNA differentially expressed between the stressed state (sampled just before the onset of bleaching) and the non stressed state (control) were isolated from the nubbins by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization. The corresponding cDNA were sequenced and confronted to sequence databases to obtain gene similarities. Finally, transcription rates of the most interesting genes were conducted by Q-PCR. Two particularly interesting candidate genes showed an important decrease in their transcription rates following thermal stress and before zooxanthellae loss. These two genes show similarities with genes involved in host/symbiont and host/parasite models. The implication of these molecular actors suggests a possible role of recognition mechanisms between the host and its symbiont, in the breakdown of the symbiosis during the bleaching phenomenon. Experiments such as RACE-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry are currently underway to confirm our hypotheses. 5.92 Influence Of Mg Calcite–associated Proteins On The Formation Of Sclerites in Soft Corals M. Azizur RAHMAN* 1 , Tamotsu OOMORI 1 1 Chemistry, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan Non-reef-building soft corals contain small spicules of calcium carbonate called sclerites. To date, the Mg calcite–associated proteins that are key for the formation of non-reefbuilding corals have not been identified. The goal of this research was to study the involvement of Mg calcite proteins in the morphology of calcium carbonate deposition in sclerites, the vital controlling factor for growth of soft corals. Prior to isolation of proteins from the sclerites of Lobophytum crassum, calcitic polycrystals, including Mg calcite, had been identified using an Electron Probe Micro analyzer, X-ray diffractional analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. A mineral phase in the precipitated crystals resulting from protein interaction in the calcification process was identified as Mg calcite. Here we show that the crystals’ nucleation form in sclerites has a rhombohedral morphology in the presence of Mg calcite proteins. We also show the interesting phenomenon of a transition of crystals from the aragonite to calcite phase in the presence of Mg calcite proteins. We investigated the interaction of Mg calcite proteins in the formation of surface on crystal sheets during calcification using atomic force microscopy. Electrophoretic analysis of Mg calcite proteins extracted from the soluble and insoluble organic matrices of sclerites revealed four proteins, with one of them of 67 kDa possibly being glycosylated. Calcium binding analysis of the Mg calcitic proteins in these fractions indicated that the 67-kDa protein can bind Ca2+, which is requisite for sclerite formation. The N-terminal amino acids of this newly identified protein were sequenced, and subjected to bioinformatics analysis involving identification of similarities to other animal proteins. Thus, understanding the role of Mg calcite proteins in non-reef-building corals may provide important information about the biological mechanisms of mineralization, and this could prove to be of much interest to those in the fields of materials science and biomineralization. 5.93 Comparative Genetics Of aiptasia Anemones And Their Dinoflagellate Symbionts Reveals High Specificity in An Invertebrate-symbiodinium Symbiosis Yu XIANG* 1 , Scott SANTOS 1 1 Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL Marine invertebrates and their symbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium have been intensively studied in recent years. However, the degree of specificity and flexibility between partners remains unclear. To explore this, we first utilized inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) to develop sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers for anemones in the genus Aiptasia. Data from seven SCAR markers found Florida Aiptasia to be genetically distinct from all other localities, suggesting the genus is comprised of two “genetic” species. Notably, the distribution of the “genetic” species does not coincide with the range of the morphologically described species A. pulchella (Pacific and Indian Oceans and Red Sea) and A. pallida (Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea). Coinciding with this, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of symbiont populations from 426 Aiptasia collected from 17 localities worldwide found Florida Aiptasia hosting either Symbiodinium Clades A, B or mixtures of both A and B simultaneously while Aiptasia from all other locations harbored Clade B only. To quantify fine-scale population structure and genetic differences among symbiont populations, six microsatellite loci specific for Clade B were utilized on 326 individual Aiptasia. We found that 18 out of 50 (36%) Florida Aiptasia thought to harbor only Clade A by RFLP analyses also possessed low levels of Clade B symbionts when examined by microsatellite analyses, suggesting background symbiont populations of a host may escape detection depending on the utilized technique. Strong population structure in Clade B populations was observed since most genotypes were unique to a specific locality. However, no sequence variation was observed in the flanking regions of these loci, suggesting an identical Symbiodinium Clade B phylotype associates with Aiptasia on a worldwide scale, which implies high specificity in this invertebrate-algal symbiosis. 5.94 Cell Cycle Pattern Of Free-Living Zooxanthellae: Effect Of Light Li-Hsueh WANG* 1,2 , Chii-Shian CHEN 1 , Li-Shing FANG 3 , Hui-Ju HUANG 1 , Shao-En PENG 1 , Yi-Yuong HSIAO 1 1 Coral Research Center, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan, 2 Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, 3 Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisue Studies, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan The cell cycle, one of the most comprehensively studied biological processes, is normally characterized by a round of DNA replication (S phase) followed by mitosis and cytokinesis (M phase) and separated by two gap phases (G1 and G2). Many marine cnidarian are known to harbor dinoflagellate named zooxanthellae as symbiont inside the gastrodermal cells. Regulation in the numbers of zooxanthellae in the host is an essential feature under steady state conditions. Mechanisms of this cell cycle regulation were studied by culturing free-living zooxanthellae, Symbiodinium spp, originally isolated from Euphyllia glabrescens, under different treatments, and cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. Our results showed that about 40%~50% of free-living zooxanthellae proliferated, whereas only
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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