11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting Reef Futures in the Context of Climate Change 25-46 Analysis of Fish Abundance in the Gulf of California, and Projection of Changes by Global Warming Arturo AYALA BOCOS* 1 , Hector REYES BONILLA 1 1 Biologia Marina, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Mexico The Gulf of California is considered as a key area for conservation worldwide, and has high endemism and diversity of its reef fish fauna. This group might be affected by global warming, because they are ectotherms and temperature may increase several degrees by 2100. This study analyze the latitudinal patterns of abundance of the 20 most abundant reef fishes in the Gulf of California, and evaluate possible changes caused by the temperature increment. Stationary censuses of fishes (N= 147) were done in six regions, from Los Angeles Bay (28°N) to Los Cabos (22°N). For each region we obtained the following information: mean, minimum and maximum surface temperature, photosynthetic pigments, and nitrate, phosphate and silicate concentrations. These factors were included in stepwise regressions to evaluate its influence on each species, and the equations were used to project change in numbers as a result of warming, by changing the coefficients linked to mean temperature in 1°, 2° and 3° C. The results of the models indicated that as temperature increases, four species reduce their abundance, fourteen became very similar in numbers along the gulf, and two were unaffected. Ten species will extend its range to areas where they are currently absent. Finally, richness and diversity (H´) of the “future” communities will increase significantly; the highest value occurred in the 1°C increase model, but afterwards the values reduce gradually. Our conclusions are: a) the Gulf of California reef fish fauna will not react homogeneously to temperature increase; b) some species may change their distribution; c) ecological indices reflect the predicted qualitative shift in assemblage composition; and d) the differential responses of the species may cause an ecological imbalance in teleost assemblages of the gulf in following decades. 25-47 Climate Change And The Future For Coral Reef Fishes Philip MUNDAY* 1,2 , Geoffrey JONES 2,3 , Morgan PRATCHETT 3 , Ashley WILLIAMS 4 1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Towwnsville, Australia, 2 School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, 3 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, 4 Fishing and Fisheries Research Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia We review and predict the likely impacts of climate change on coral reef fishes. Changes to ocean temperature, pH, currents, and extreme weather events will affect reef fishes through impacts on individual performance, trophic linkages, recruitment dynamics, population connectivity and other ecosystem processes. The most immediate and identifiable impacts will be changes in the composition of reef fish communities and loss of biodiversity as a result of coral bleaching. Coral-dependant fishes suffer the most rapid declines in abundance following coral bleaching. However, we predict that many other species will exhibit longer-term declines due to loss of settlement habitat and erosion of the structural complexity of reef habitats. Continued degradation of coral reefs from climate change will lead to impoverished reef fish communities. Increased ocean temperature will affect the physiological performance and behaviour of reef fishes, especially during the larval phase. Small increases in temperature might tend to favour larval survival, but this could be counteracted by negative effects on reproduction. We predict that already variable recruitment will become more unpredictable, with more good recruitment events and more recruitment failures, especially in locations where food supply is patchy or unreliable. A substantial number of species could exhibit range shifts, with potential implications for extinction risk of small-range species near reef margins. Finally, the potential for adaptation to climate change needs more consideration. Many coral-reef fishes have geographical ranges spanning a wide temperature gradient and many have short generation times. These characteristics are conducive to acclimation and local adaptation to climate change, and provide some hope that resilient species might adapt to climate change if immediate action is taken to stabilise Earth’s climate. 25-48 Increased Predation Rates On Coral-Dwelling Fishes Associated With Bleached Coral Hosts Darren COKER* 1 , Morgan PRATCHETT 1 , Philip MUNDAY 1 1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia Climate-induced coral bleaching frequently leads to declines in the abundance and diversity of coral associated fishes, though the proximate causes of these declines remain largely unknown. More specifically, it is unclear why coral-dwelling fishes rapidly disappear from bleached coral hosts, even though these corals continue to provide effective physical habitat structure. The purpose of this study was to test whether fishes that remain on bleached coral hosts are more susceptible to predation. Using controlled aquaria-based experiments, we compared predation rates on coral-dwelling fishes (Dascyllus aruanus, Pomacentrus moluccensis) associated with i) healthy, ii) bleached, iii) dead and iv) algal covered colonies of the coral, Pocillopora damacornis. Experiments were conducted by placing two prey fish of each species with one of the four different habitat types in large glass aquaria. After 1 hour, a single predator (Pseudochromis fuscus) was introduced and survivorship of prey was recorded over 75 hours. This study revealed a 75% survivorship of coral-dwelling damselfishes in tanks with healthy coral colonies, wheras only 67% and 63% of damselfishes survived in tanks with bleached versus dead coral hosts, respectively and 58% with algal covered corals. It is possible therefore that the loss of coral healthy coral tissue and pigmentation influenced the ability of prey to elude predation. It is apparent therefore, that as coral habitat degrades from healthy to algal cover, survivorship of associated fish decreases by 17% due to predation. It is apparent therefore that healthy coral plays an important role in moderating predation interactions among coral reef fishes. We conclude that increasing susceptibility to predation may provide significant motivation for coral-dwelling fishes to rapidly vacate recently bleached coral hosts. Moreover, increased predation may contribute greatly to declines in abundance of coral-dwelling damselfishes following widespread coral bleaching. 25-49 Effects of climate-induced coral bleaching on coral reef fishes. Morgan PRATCHETT* 1 , Philip MUNDAY 1 , Shaun WILSON 1 , Nicholas GRAHAM 2 , Joshua CINNER 1 , David BELLWOOD 1 , Geoff JONES 1 , Nicholas POLUNIN 2 , Tim MCCLANAHAN 3 1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, 2 School of Marine Science & Technology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon- Tyne, United Kingdom, 3 Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY Global climate change is having devastating effects on habitat structure in coral-reef ecosystems, owing to extreme environmental sensitivities and consequent bleaching of reefbuilding scleractinian corals. Coral bleaching and loss of live coral may also lead to longer-term declines in topographic complexity. This review identifies coral cover and topographic complexity as critical and distinct components of coral-reef habitats that shape communities of coral-reef fishes. Coral loss has the greatest and most immediate effect on fishes that depend on live corals for food or shelter, and many such fishes may face considerable risk of extinction with increasing frequency and severity of bleaching. Coral loss may also have longer-term consequences for fishes that require live corals at settlement, which are compounded by devastating effects of declining topographic complexity. Topographic complexity moderates major biotic factors, such as predation and competition, contributing to the high diversity of fishes on coral reefs. Many coral-reef fishes that do not depend on live coral are dependent on the topographic complexity provided by healthy coral growth and will be adversely affected by long-term degradation of coral reef habitats following severe coral bleaching. Urgent action on the fundamental causes of climate change and appropriate management of critical elements of habitat structure (coral cover and topographic complexity) are key to ensuring long-term persistence of coral-reef fishes. 239
Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting Reef Futures in the Context of Climate Change 25-50 Sublethal Response Of Reef Fishes To Low Coral Cover David FEARY* 1 , Mark MCCORMICK 2 , Geoffrey JONES 2 1 United Nations University-INWEH, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2 James Cook University, Townsville, Australia Although the global decline in coral reef health is likely to have profound effects on reef associated fishes, these effects are poorly understood. While declining coral cover can reduce the abundance of reef fishes through direct effects on recruitment and/or mortality, recent evidence suggests that individuals may survive in disturbed habitats, but may experience sublethal reductions in their condition. To test this, we examined the response of 2 coral associated damselfishes (Pomacentridae), Chrysiptera parasema and Dascyllus melanurus, to varying levels of live coral cover. Growth, persistence and the condition of individuals were quantified on replicate coral colonies in 3 coral treatments: 100 % live coral (control), 50 % live coral (partial) and 0 % live coral (dead). The growth rates of both species were directly related to the percentage live coral cover, with individuals associated with dead corals exhibiting the slowest growth, and highest growth on control corals. Differences in the growth of individuals between treatments occurred after 29 days. There was no significant difference in the numbers of fishes persisting or the condition of individuals between different treatments on this time-scale. We argue that slower growth in disturbed habitats will delay the onset of maturity, reduce lifetime fecundity and increase vulnerability to gape-limited predation. Hence, immediate effects on recruitment and survival may underestimate the longer-term impacts of declining coral on the structure and diversity of the coral-associated reef fish communities. 25-51 Climate Warming And The Ocean-Scale Integrity Of Coral Reef Ecosystems Nick GRAHAM* 1 , Tim MCCLANAHAN 2 , Aaron MACNEIL 3 , Shaun WILSON 4 , Nick POLUNIN 5 , Simon JENNINGS 6 , Pascale CHABANET 7 , Susan CLARK 8 , Mark SPALDING 9 , Yves LETOURNEUR 10 , Lionel BIGOT 11 , Rene GALZIN 12 , Marcus OHMAN 13 , Kajsa GARPE 13 , Alasdair EDWARDS 5 , Charles SHEPPARD 14 1 School of Marine Science & Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 2 Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, 3 Panama City Laboratory, NOAA, Panama City Beach, FL, 4 James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, 5 Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 6 Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, United Kingdom, 7 Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Noumea, New Caledonia, 8 Natural England, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 9 The Nature Conservancy, Newmarket, United Kingdom, 10 Universite de la Mediterranee, Marseille, France, 11 Universite de La 12 Reunion, Saint-Denis, Reunion, Universite de Perpignan, Perpignan, France, 13 14 Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom Coral reefs have emerged as one of the ecosystems most vulnerable to climate variation and change. While the contribution of climate warming to the loss of live coral cover has been well documented across large spatial and temporal scales, the associated effects on fish have not. Such information is important as coral reef fish assemblages are the most species dense vertebrate communities on earth, contribute critical ecosystem functions and provide crucial ecosystem services to the burgeoning human societies in tropical countries. Here we assess the impacts of the 1998 mass bleaching event on coral cover, reef structural complexity, and the functionality and abundance of reef fishes across the Indian Ocean. Using Bayesian meta-analysis we show changes in the size structure, diversity and trophic composition of the reef fish community have followed coral declines. Furthermore, using Bayesian predictive intervals we predict how different components of the fish community will respond to any future changes to coral cover across the region. Although ocean scale integrity of these coral reef ecosystems has been lost, it is positive to see the effects are spatially variable at various scales with impacts and vulnerability affected by geography, oceanography and management regime. Existing no-take marine protected areas still support high biomass of fish, however they had no positive affect on the response of the ecosystem to large-scale disturbance. This suggests that it is imperative that future planning identifies regional refugia from climate change as priorities for protection. 25-52 Relating Patterns in Coral Bleaching And The Extrinsic Environment Over Multiple Scales: Opportunities For Prioritizing Resource Management in Florida in Response To Climate Change Eric MIELBRECHT* 1 , Daniel WAGNER 2 , Alex SCORE 3 , Lara HANSEN 4 1 Emerald Coast Environmental Consulting, Washington, DC, 2 Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 3 World Wildlife Fund, Marathon, FL, 4 World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC Coral reefs were one of the first ecosystems where the effects of climate change were readily apparent. As a result of their high vulnerability to climate change, Florida’s stakeholders and decision-makers urgently need targeted research, clear communications, and accessible tools to better understand the impacts of climate change and coral bleaching to the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary so they can develop and implement successful management efforts. The Climate Change: Linking Environmental Analysis to Decision Support (LEADS) initiative brought together scientists and stakeholders to analyze patterns in coral resilience to climate change and transform these findings into effective management strategies. Quantitative landscape ecology techniques were combined with GIS tools to perform a multi-scale metaanalysis of the relationships between extrinsic environmental factors, coral community structure and bleaching response to suggest patterns of resilience within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Data from a wide range of coral surveys, water quality monitoring and other environmental monitoring efforts were obtained through 2007 from institutions cooperating with the Florida Reef Resilience Program and validated for use in testing relationships at both ecological and bleaching event temporal and spatial scales. Resulting patterns of potential resilience provide a new way of prioritizing management efforts in order to respond to climate change within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. 25-53 Using Climate Information To Improve Coral Reef Management Elizabeth MCLEOD* 1 , Rodney SALM 1 , Axel TIMMERMANN 2 , Russell MOFFITT 3 1 The Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, HI, 2 International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 3 JIMAR/Univ. of Hawaii & NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI Climate change is challenging marine protected area (MPA) managers to build adaptability into their conservation strategies. Managers need tools to identify coral communities at low risk of succumbing to thermal stress both to protect existing MPA investments, and to guide decisions about the location and design of new MPAs. We used available data from remote sensing and other monitoring systems to generate maps of the Coral Triangle indicating reefs of higher and lower thermal stress now and projected into the future. Using 4 km Pathfinder 5.0 Sea Surface Temperature data, we analyzed intra- and inter-annual variation in sea surface temperature and identified reef areas with reliably stable conditions and others that are more likely to suffer anomalous temperature increases leading to thermal stress. Weekly Pathfinder SST composites from 1985 through the present were compared to 1° C over the expected summertime maximum, recording those that exceeded this level and tallying accumulated Degree Heating Weeks. The analysis determined which locations sustained levels of high potential thermal stress (“hot spots”) or little to no thermal stress (“cool spots”) and compared those to known bleaching events. We used Coupled General Circulation models (CGCM) to provide estimates of future climate change at a global scale. These models used different climate forcing scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. For regional estimates, the CGCM simulations disagree considerably, hence we used a probabilistic multi-model ensemble forecasting approach for future climate change. This approach allowed us to identify areas in the Coral Triangle which are "optimal" in a probabilistic sense which helps decision makers and planners to include uncertainty estimates in their planning efforts. Maps of reef vulnerability provide marine conservation planners with a tool to help identify coral reefs for conservation purposes that are well positioned to survive climate-related increases in temperature. 240
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
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18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
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18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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Page 210 and 211: 22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
Page 212 and 213: 22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
Page 214 and 215: 23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
Page 216 and 217: 23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
Page 218 and 219: 23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
Page 220 and 221: 23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
Page 222 and 223: 23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
Page 224 and 225: 23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
Page 226 and 227: 23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
Page 228 and 229: 23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
Page 230 and 231: 23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
Page 232 and 233: 24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
Page 234 and 235: 24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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Page 238 and 239: 24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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Page 242 and 243: 24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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Page 246 and 247: Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
Page 260 and 261: Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
Page 272 and 273: 26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
Page 276: Poster Session
Page 279 and 280: 1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
Page 281 and 282: 1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
Page 283 and 284: 1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
Page 285 and 286: Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
Page 287 and 288: Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
Page 293 and 294: Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
Page 301 and 302: Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
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9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecologica
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predictin
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Poster Mini-Symposium 26: Biodivers
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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